上海市闵行区2020届高三英语下学期二模考试试题.doc

上海市闵行区2020届高三英语下学期二模考试试题

上海市闵行区2020届高三英语下学期二模考试试题

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上海市闵行区2020届高三英语下学期二模考试试题（含解析）
考生注意：
1. 考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分, 试卷共 12 页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上, 做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前, 务必在答题纸上填写学校、姓名和考生号。
I. Listening Comprehension Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. A cook. B. A dentist. C. A surgeon. D. A technician .
2. A. She ’d like to have the windows open. B. She likes to have the air conditioner on .
C. The air is heavily polluted . D. The windows are always open.
3. A. Art attraction. B. Painting skills.
C. Furniture quality. D. Room decoration.
4. A. She appreciates the man’s effort. B. She does enjoy spicy food.
C. She is annoyed with the man. D. She doesn’t like the food the man prepared .
5. A. They can’t fit into the machine. B. They were sent to the wrong stress.
C. They haven’t been delivered yet . D. They were found to be of the wrong type .
6. A. The long waiting time. B. The broken down computer.
C. The mistakes in her telephone bill. D. The bad telephone service.
7. A. Its quality. B. Its price C. Its materials D. Its appearance.
8. A. Walk in the countryside. B. Do some exercise.
C. Go shopping. D. Wash some dresses.
9. A. He is going to visit a photo studio. B. He has just had his picture taken.
C. He is one the way to the theatre. D. He has just returned from a job interview.
10. A. He doesn’t want Jenny to get into trouble.
B. He doesn’t agree with the woman’s remark.
C. He thinks Jenny’s workload too heavy at college.
D. He believes most college students are running wild.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Attend expert growers’ lecture. B. Visit fruit-lovig families.
C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard(果园). D. Taste many kinds of apples.
12. A. It is a new variety. B. It is the best variety for eating quality.
C. It is rarely seen now. D. It needs perfect soil to grow.
13 A. To show how to grow apples. B. To introduce an apple festival .
C. To help people select apples. D. To attract more people to visit Britain
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.
14. A. Lack of sleep could lead to heath problem.
B. Lack of sleep affects adults more than children.
C. Sleeping problems are one of the leading causes of obesity.
D. The amount of sleep people need changes with age.
15. A. Less sleep is needed when they enter adolescence.
B. Ideally, they need 8 hours of sleep a night.
C. They may have difficulty in falling asleep before 11:00 pm .
D. They always wake up at midnight due to biological changes .
16. A. The amount of sleep and academic performance.
B. A comparison of different time to start school .
C. Students’ sleeping time and social behaviors.
D. A beneficial change of school starting time.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Extreme sports . B. City life.
C. Human’s potential. D. Danger and safety.
18. A. They like to stay isolated . B. They prefer danger to safety.
C. They want to know their potential. D. They are bored with the traditional ones.
19. A. Objective. B. Negative. C. Positive. D. Neutral.
20. A. It is interesting and challenging . B. It is dangerous and needs no skills.
C. It enables people to face fears. D. It only stimulate individualism.
II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A brief history of Chopsticks.
We’ve discussed the story of knife and fork, but there’s another set of utensils(器皿) used by billions of people around the world—and it has a truly ancient past. The Chinese have been wielding chopsticks since at least 1200 B.C., and by A.D. 500 chopsticks ___1___ (sweep) the Asian continent from Vietnam to Japan From their humble beginnings ___2___ cooking utensils to paper-wrapped bamboo sets at the sushi counter, there's more to chopsticks than meets the eye.
Chopsticks ___3___ (develop) about 5000 years ago in China. The ___4___ (early) versions were probably twigs used to get food from cooking pots. When resources became scare, around 400 B. C. ,crafty chefs figured out ___5___ to conserve fuel by chopping food into smaller pieces that required less cooking fuel, and besides, it could be cooked more quickly. This new method of cooking made it unnecessary to have knives at the dinner table—a practice that also matched the non-violent teachings of Confucius ( 孔 子 )，___6___ expressed in one of his numerous quotations:“ the honorable and upright man keeps well away from both the slaughterhouse(屠宰房) and the kitchen. And he allows no knives on his table.” As a vegetarian, he believed that knives’ sharp points evoked( 诱 发 ) violence ___7___ (kill) the happy, contented mood that should reign during meals. Thanks in part to his teachings, chopstick use quickly became widespread throughout Asia.
Different cultures adopted different chopstick styles. Perhaps in a nod to Confucius, Chinese chopsticks featured a blunt rather than pointed end. In Japan, chopsticks were 8 inches long for men and 7 inches long for women. In 1878 the Japanese became the first ___8___ (create) the now-ubiquitous disposable set, typically made of bamboo or wood. Wealthy diners could eat with ivory, jade, coral, brass or agate versions, while the most privileged used silver sets. It was believed that the silver would corrode and turn black ___9___ it came into contact with poisoned food.
Throughout history, chopsticks have enjoyed a symbiotic relationship with another staple of Asian cuisine: rice. At first glance, you'd think that rice wouldn't make the cut, but in Asia most rice is of the short- or medium-grain variety. The starches(淀粉质食品) in these rices create a cooked product that is gummy and clumpy, unlike the fluffy and distinct grains of Western long- grain rice. ___10___ chopsticks come together to lift steaming bundles of sticky rice, it's a match made in heaven.
【答案】1. had swept
2. as 3. were developed
4. earliest
5. how 6. as
7. killing 8. to create
9. if/when 10. As/Because/Since
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章简单介绍了筷子的历史渊源。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：截止公元500年，筷子已经传遍了亚洲大陆，从越南到日本。分析句子可知，这里sweep的动作在一个过去的时间点之前已经完成了，要用过去完成时。故填had swept。
【2题详解】
考查介词。句意：从作为餐具的简陋的雏形到寿司柜台上纸包竹的套装。分析句意可知，这里humble beginnings与cooking utensils所指的含义是相同的，都是筷子最初的形态，要用介词as表示“作为……”。故填as。
【3题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：大约五千年前筷子在中国被发展起来。分析句意可知，主语Chopsticks与谓语动词develop之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，且动作发生于过去的时间点，要用一般过去时。故填were developed。
【4题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：最早的样子可能是用来从锅具里夹取食物的小树枝。这里承接上文介绍筷子的起源，应该要介绍最早的筷子形态，要用形容词最高级。故填earliest。
【5题详解】
考查疑问代词。句意：灵巧的厨师想出了通过把食物切成小份从而节省燃料的方法。这里需要空白处与其后的不定式共同构成宾语，可以用“疑问代词+不定式”结构，相当于名词的作用。此处给的是一种烹饪方法，要用how表示“如何、怎样”。故填how。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这样的行为也符合了孔子避免暴力的思想，正如他那句著名的话表达的一样。这里考虑非限制性定语从句后句缺少主语，且从句意上看含有“正如、就像”的意思，要用as作关系词。故填as。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个素食者，他认为刀的尖端会诱发暴力，将本应该在吃饭时拥有的快乐满足的情绪给抹杀掉。分析句子结构可知，kill作violence的后置定语，且kill与violence之间是主动关系，要用现在分词形式。故填killing。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1878年日本人成为了第一批创造出现在通用的由竹子和木头做成的一次性筷子的人。分析句子结构可知，这里create作the first的后置定语，且the first是create的逻辑主语（这些人创造了筷子）要用不定式。故填to create。
【9题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：人们认为银接触到有毒的食物会腐蚀变黑。这里前后句所描述的动作可以视为是同时发生的，可以用when连接作时间状语从句；也可以视作后句动作发生导致前句动作发生，可以用if连接作条件状语从句。故填if/when。
【10题详解】
考查连词。句意：因为筷子合在一起来夹起黏成一团的热腾腾的米饭，所以堪称天作之合。分析句意可知，前后句呈现的是因果关系，可以用because、since和as三个从属连词来引导原因状语从句。故填As/Because/Since。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The “Penny Black”, the first postage stamp issued in Britain and, more importantly, the first postage stamp issued anywhere, ___11___ the image of Queen Victoria, but the first British postal service didn’t originate in Victoria England. In 1860, William Dockwra started a public service that ___12___ the quick delivery of a letter anywhere in London. His system was quickly ___13___ with Dockwra in charge. It was far from a perfect system, ___14___ with seemingly improper charges that made it unreasonably expensive to send a letter. Worse still, recipients were expected to pay. As you might imagine, this ___15___ some problems—either people weren’t home or flat—out refused to pay. The system just didn’t work, but it remained in place for far too long.
About 50 years later, to do better, Rolland Hill argued for putting an end to the postal charges and replacing them with a single national rate of one penny, which would be paid by the sender. When the post office ignored Hill’s ideas, he self-published his essay and it quickly gained ___16___ among the public. Hill was then ordered by Postmaster General Lord Lichfield to discuss postal reform and ,during their subsequent meetings, the two men conceived of a gluy ___17___ that could be applied to the envelops to indicate payment. Though it had gained support with the public who longed for a affordably way to connect with distant friends and family, officials were still not convinced. Thankfully, Hill was far from alone in his passion for reform. He eventually earned enough support from other like-minded individuals to convince Parliament to ___18___ his system.
In 1839, Hill held a competition to design all the postal facility. The winning stamp ___19___ describing the young queen’s profile came from one William Wyon, who based the design on a medal he created to celebrate his first visit to London.
The“Penny Black”stamp went on sale on May 1, 1840. It was an immediate ___20___ Suddenly, the country seemed a lot smaller. The penny black’s design was so well received that it remained in use for forty year.
【答案】11. B 12. F
13. J 14. C
15. G 16. K
17. A 18. E
19. I 20. H
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章记述了世界上第一张邮票的诞生及其历史背景。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：更重要的是，在各个地方发行的第一张邮票，带有维多利亚女王的头像。分析句子结构可知，主语是the first postage stamp，宾语是the image of Queen Victoria，缺少谓语动词，bear有“带有（标记、特征）”的意思，符合句意。故选B项。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：1860年，William Dockwra开始一项公共服务，保证信件在伦敦任何地方都能迅速送达。分析句子结构可知，在定语从句中缺少谓语动词，结合先行词service要解释服务的内容，guarantee“保证，担保”更加符合文意。故选F项。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：他的系统迅速在全国普及，由他来全权掌管。从文段中对邮政系统发展历程的描述中不难猜测，这里要表达Dockwra的系统有了进一步的发展，也就是从伦敦发展到了全国范围。故填J项。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这还远非一个完美的系统，受限于看起来不太合理的价格，使得送一封信的价格贵得没道理。分析句意可知，后句提及的价格因素造成了当前系统的不完善，burden意为“加负担于……，使负重担”，符合文意。故C项。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：正如你可能想象的，这会出现一些问题——有的人不在家或者比较直率都会拒绝付款。前文提到收信人还要付收信款，从而导致了下文的问题。present意为“使发生，出现”配合宾语some problems是最合适的。故选G项。
【16题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：邮政官方没有理睬Hill的想法，他就自己作出了尝试，并快速在人们中普及。分析句意可知，Hill的主意没有得到官方重视，他出版了自己的方案，也确实有很好的反响，gain ground意为“取得发展，普及”，符合文意。故选K项。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：两个人设想了一种有粘性的标签，可以贴在信封上代表邮资。结合上下文不难理解，这里就是对邮票雏形的描述，即信封上的一个标签。故选A项。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：他最终从那些有类似想法的人那里获得了足够的支持，使议会同意了施行他的系统。这里叙述邮票系统发展的波折过程最终议会被说服，下一步就应该使用这套系统了。implement意为“实施，实现”，符合文意。故选E项。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：胜出的邮票作品上绘有年轻女王的肖像，出自一位William Wyon之手。Hill为邮票形象安排了一次设计比赛，最后有一个作品胜出了，entry意为“参赛作品”，符合文意。故选I项。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：它马上就流通起来。联系上下文，邮票一经发行，整个国家似乎都变小了，意味着很多人都用上了邮票寄信，hit有一个非正式含义“面市并产生影响”，符合文意。故选H项。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The term “staycation” means vacations that you take at home or near your home rather than traveling to another place. It is is closely connected with less pollution, saving money and not contributing to the overwhelming disorder that takes place in some of the world's most touristic areas.
The concept of staycation was born at the time of the 2008 market ___21___ in the United States.
Because of it, many households were forced to ___22___ their expenses and consequently limit their vacation budget. The shortage of money to travel abroad is at the origin of why many people started to (re) discover their most ___23___ surroundings
At the same time awareness of the ___24___ impacts of tourism, especially on what concerns the impacts of transportation, started to increase too. And so did the perception that some of the main cities (abroad) are increasingly overloaded with people-- with places such as Barcelona, Venice, or the Seychelles planning on ___25___ a tourist cap.
Staycation appears like a great solution for the ___26___ above mentioned. It is a great way of spending joyful vacations while helping one's ___27___ and the environment. ___28___, staying close to home eliminates the budget for accommodation and transport.
Apart from the financial ___29___ gained by leaving behind expensive plane tickets or by not booking hotel rooms that aren't cheap, staycation also has the benefit of keeping harmful ___30___ in the ground. Cars, boats, and planes are not (or are less) used; ___31___, other means of transport such as public transport, bicycles, electric scooters or just walking are favored.
This allows people's carbon footprints not to ___32___ as much as they would if long distances had been traveled.
A staycation is a form of alternative tourism that is fully in line with the slow tourism trend. Slow tourism invites you to live in the ___33___ moment. It encourages you to take your time, discover nearby landscapes, reconnect and spend more time outdoors in nature with the people you enjoy, There are no fully-booked days, and there is no ___34___ to go from one activity to another just to stay busy all the time.
Given the multiple ___35___ of local tourism, you no longer have a reason to be embarrassed at the coffee machine at work when you are asked where you are going on vacation this year.
21. A. value B. sector C. crisis D. shares
22. A. restrict B. bear C. avoid D. meet
23. A. cheerful B. immediate C. polluted D. attractive
24. A. limited B. financial C. cultural D. environmental
25. A. introducing B. stopping C. postponing D. raising
26. A. challenges B. assessment C. tasks D. applications
27. A. voyage B. mind C. pocket D. hometown
28. A. In addition B. For example C. In fact D. On the contrary
29. A. services B. advice C. resources D. sav