山东省济南市2021届高三英语上学期期末考试试题.doc

山东省济南市2021届高三英语上学期期末考试试题

山东省济南市2021届高三英语上学期期末考试试题

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山东省济南市2021届高三英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、座号、考号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在 本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分
第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Educator of the Year Contest
Do you know an outstanding junior high or high school teacher, coach, guidance advisor, librarian, or headmaster? Nominate （提名）that special person you'll always remember and give him/her the chance to be recognized in Teenink !
Guidelines
■ The national magazine will only consider essays written by teens, and nominations must be for junior high or high school educators only. Primary school educators are not included.
■ Convince us your nominee is special. Tell us about his or her style of teaching, involvement in school activities, and community service. What has your educator done for the entire school, your class, for you or another student? Give examples with specific details. Keep your essay between 200 and 1,000 words.
■ Include the first and last, name, position, and school of your educator.
■ Submit entries through our website. See our submission guidelines for more information.
Prizes
Cash awards will be given to educators from across the country honored as TeenInk Educators o£ the Year. Winning essays are published in Teenink magazine.
Deadlines
The deadline for submitting Educator of the Year essays for 2021 is May 1, 2021. Entries are accepted and considered for publication in TeenInk magazine throughout the year. Winners will be informed after the June issue is published.
1. Who can be recommended for the contest?
A. A national volunteer.
B. A community educator.
C. A primary school teacher.
D. A high school headmaster.
2. What is the requirement for the essay?
A. It covers at least 100 words.
B. It is to be submitted after May.
C. It should include specific details.
D. It must be written by a candidate.
3. What will the essay winners get?
A A large sum of cash money.
B. A chance to publish their essays.
C. The big prize from their school.
D. The honor of Educator of the Year.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文，本文主要介绍了“年度教育者大赛”的相关事项。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Guidelines第一段中“nominations must be for junior high or high school educators only.Primary school educators are not included.”（提名必须仅针对初中或高中教育者。不包括小学教育者。）可知提名必须仅针对初中或高中教育者。D选项A high school headmaster高中校长符合题意。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Guidelines第二段中“Convince us your nominee is special. Tell us about his or her style of teaching, involvement in school activities, and community service. What has your educator done for the entire school, your class, for you or another student? Give examples with specific details.”（说服我们，你的提名人很特别。告诉我们他或她的教学风格，参与学校活动和社区服务。教育者为整个学校，班级，你或其他学生做了什么？举例说明具体细节。）可知对于文章的要求是要包括具体细节。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prizes中“Winning essays are published in Teenink magazine.”（获奖论文发表在《Teenink》杂志上）可知胜出者文章会有机会被发表。故选B项。
点睛】
B
Cory, aged 30, was diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy （脊髓性肌萎缩症）at a very young age. Because of his condition, he began using a wheelchair at age 4. His mother, Sandy Gilbreath, raised him as a single parent. Although taking care of a child with a disability was challenging, she ensured that Cory didn't miss out on the fun things in life. Sandy took him on road trips during summer breaks throughout his childhood. The exciting experiences of exploring new places inspired him to set a lifelong goal of visiting all seven continents.
Fortunately, Cory was able to do that just before the COVID-19 started. He and his mother traveled to Antarctica in February, just before the borders closed. It was the seventh and final continent off his list. He became the first-ever wheelchair user to visit all the seven continents!

According to Cory, traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range of planning and research. He starts his research six to twelve months before each trip, making sure that there are accessible transportation options in the location. He would also call up hotels or rental homes to confirm if they are truly as accessible as they claim to be.
When Cory started going on adventures, there weren't many online resources discussing accessible travel. To help other travelers with disabilities explore the world as he does, he decided to share his knowledge in his blog. Aiming to promote representation of the wheelchair-using community, Cory and his mother wrote a children's book, titled Let's Explore with Cor Cor, which is about a boy who travels around the world in his powered wheelchair.
Traveling to all seven continents wasn't something I was sure was going to be possible," he said. "But if you stay determined and keep a positive attitude, the opportunities are limitless."
4. What made Cory Lee decide to visit all seven continents?
A. His mother's expectation.
B. His travelling experiences.
C. His dream of helping others.
D. His objective of making a history.
5. What worries Cory most about a trip?
A. Rental fees.
B. Local attractions.
C. Accommodation.
D. Transportation.
6. Why did Cory and his mother write the book?
A. To enrich online resources
B. To record travelling events.
C. To help people with special needs.
D. To introduce wheelchair adventures.
7. What can we learn from Cory's story?
A. Nothing can prevent a determined heart
B. Disability can turn into an opportunity,
C. Travelling shapes a positive attitude.
D. Mom is the creator of children's dreams
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，从小被诊断为脊髓性肌萎缩症的科里在妈妈的爱护下坐轮椅游览了七大洲，他决定在博客上分享他的旅行知识，帮助其他残疾旅行者像他一样探索世界。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段中的“Sandy took him on road trips during summer breaks throughout his childhood. The exciting experiences of exploring new places inspired him to set a lifelong goal of visiting all seven continents.”（桑迪（妈妈）在他童年的暑假里带他去公路旅行。探索新地方的激动人心的经历激励他树立了一个终生的目标：游览所有七大洲。），可知是科里童年时，妈妈带他去公路旅行的经历让他下定决心访问所有七大洲。故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段中的“According to Cory, traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range of planning and research. He starts his research six to twelve months before each trip, making sure that there are accessible transportation options in the location科里认为，坐轮椅旅行需要进行广泛的规划和研究。他在每次旅行前的六到十二个月开始他的研究，确保在这个地方有方便的交通选择。），可知科里因为身体原因要坐轮椅旅行，所以在每次旅行前他研究要去的地方有没有方便的交通选择，可得出科里旅行时最担心的是交通问题。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段中的“Aiming to promote representation of the wheelchair-using community, Cory and his mother wrote a children's book, titled Let's Explore with Cor Cor, which is about a boy who travels around the world in his powered wheelchair.”（为了促进轮椅使用社区的代表性，科里和他的母亲写了一本儿童读物，名为《让我们和Cor Cor一起探索》，这本书讲述了一个男孩坐着电动轮椅环游世界的故事。），可知是为了促进轮椅使用社区的代表性，即为了帮助有特殊需要的人（坐轮椅的人），科里和他妈妈才写书分享经历的。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段中的“Cory, aged 30, was diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy （脊髓性肌萎缩症）at a very young age. Because of his condition, he began using a wheelchair at age 4.”（科里今年30岁，在很小的时候就被诊断为脊髓性肌萎缩症。因为他的身体状况，他从4岁开始使用轮椅。），第二段中的“He became the first-ever wheelchair user to visit all the seven continents!”（他成为有史以来第一个访问所有七大洲的轮椅使用者！）和最后一段“Traveling to all seven continents wasn't something I was sure was going to be possible," he said. "But if you stay determined and keep a positive attitude, the opportunities are limitless."”（他说：“去所有七大洲旅行并不是我能确定的事。”但如果你保持坚定和积极的态度，机会是无限的。”），可知科里从小坐轮椅，但因为保持着坚定和积极的态度，他才能完成游览所有七大洲的目标，可得出即使残疾，坚定的心也能帮助人们实现梦想，所以没有什么能阻止一颗坚定的心。故选A项。
C
Do you like the woolly mammoths from the movie Ice Age? Too bad they're extinct? Thanks to recent developments in biotechnology, the stuff of science fiction may soon become a reality through an attractive process called "de-extinction", which aims to bring the extinct species back. The resurrected species are functionally equal to the original extinct species, but they are not exact copies.
There are three primary techniques of de-extinction. One of them is that scientists deliberately select existing species with similar characters to the extinct species to produce later generation. This is a natural method. Another is cloning. A cloned animal is created by obtaining the DNA of the extinct animal. The later generation will be an identical copy of the extinct species. This is only applied to animals that are either endangered or have recently gone extinct, as it requires well-preserved eggs. The third is the newest technique, genetic engineering. It uses gene-editing tools to place selected genes from extinct animals in place of those present in its closest living relative.
If we refer to Jurassic Park , resurrecting extinct animals is a terrible idea. Thankfully, we don't have to worry about dinosaurs running wildly, as their DNA has disintegrated over the 65 million years since their extinction. DNA can survive for several million years at best under certain rare conditions, but does that mean we should do that?
De-extinction is more for ecology than for tourism. Ecologist Ben Novak said, “All animals perform critical roles in their ecosystem. Woolly mammoths, for example, were excellent gardeners. Their disappearance was followed by a loss in diversity and the Arctic grassland became a cold, ice field. If a resurrected animal is always going to be a zoo animal then it shouldn't be brought back.”
8. Why does the author mention the movie Ice Age ?
A. To recall the joy from the movie. B. To lead the audience into the topic.
C. To attract readers, attention to the movie. D. To show functions of resurrecting animals.
9. What is mainly discussed about de-extinction in Paragraph 2?
A. Its main methods. B. Its wide application.
C. Its complex procedures. D. Its distinct characteristic.
10. What can replace the underlined word “disintegrated“ in Paragraph 3 ?
A. Broken away. B. Picked up. C. Fallen apart. D. Run out.
11. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Can we bring extinct animals back? B. Do you like the woolly mammoths?
C. Will dinosaurs be seen in the zoos? D. Should we promote cloning skills?
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。由于最近生物技术的发展，科幻小说中的东西可能很快会变成现实，通过一个吸引人的过程，称为“反灭绝”，旨在让灭绝的物种回来。文章介绍了三种主要的反灭绝技术，但是恐龙因为其DNA已经分解，无法被复活了，最后文章指出反灭绝更多的是为了生态，而不是为了旅游。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Do you like the woolly mammoths from the movie Ice Age? Too bad they're extinct? Thanks to recent developments in biotechnology, the stuff of science fiction may soon become a reality through an attractive process called "de-extinction", which aims to bring the extinct species back.(你喜欢电影《冰河世纪》里的猛犸象吗？它们灭绝了真是太糟糕了对吗？由于最近生物技术的发展，科幻小说中的东西可能很快会变成现实，通过一个吸引人的过程，称为“反灭绝”，旨在让灭绝的物种回来)”可推知，作者提到了电影《冰河世纪》是为了引导读者进入文章主题。故选B。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“There are three primary techniques of de-extinction. One of them is that scientists deliberately select existing species with similar characters to the extinct species to produce later generation. This is a natural method. Another is cloning. A cloned animal is created by obtaining the DNA of the extinct animal. The later generation will be an identical copy of the extinct species. This is only applied to animals that are either endangered or have recently gone extinct, as it requires well-preserved eggs. The third is the newest technique, genetic engineering. It uses gene-editing tools to place selected genes from extinct animals in place of those present in its closest living relative.(有三种主要的反灭绝技术。其中之一是，科学家故意选择与灭绝物种具有相似特征的现存物种来繁衍后代。这是一种自然的方法。另一个是克隆。克隆动物是通过获取灭绝动物的DNA而创造出来的。后代将是灭绝物种的一模一样的复制品。这只适用于濒临灭绝或最近灭绝的动物，因为这需要保存完好的卵子。第三种是最新的技术，基因工程。它使用基因编辑工具，将已灭绝动物的基因选择出来，取代现存动物近亲的基因)”可知，第二段主要讨论了反灭绝的主要方法。故选A。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Thankfully, we don't have to worry about dinosaurs running wildly”以及后文“DNA can survive for several million years at best under certain rare conditions, but does that mean we should do that?(在某些罕见的条件下，DNA最多只能存活几百万年，但这是否意味着我们也应该这样做呢？)”可知，值得庆幸的是，我们不必担心恐龙会乱跑，因为自从它们灭绝以来，它们的DNA已经在6500万年的时间里分解了。故划线词意思为“分解”。A. Broken away.脱离；B. Picked up.捡起；C. Fallen apart.分解；D. Run out.耗尽。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Thanks to recent developments in biotechnology, the stuff of science fiction may soon become a reality through an attractive process called "de-extinction", which aims to bring the extinct species back.(由于最近生物技术的发展，科幻小说中的东西可能很快会变成现实，通过一个吸引人的过程，称为“反灭绝”，旨在让灭绝的物种回来)”结合文章介绍了三种主要的反灭绝技术，但是恐龙因为其DNA已经分解，无法被复活了，最后文章指出反灭绝更多的是为了生态，而不是为了旅游。可知，A选项“我们能让灭绝的动物复活吗？”最适合作文章标题。故选A。
D
We already know that salt can lead to heart disease. But could it also affect our mind? Scientists found that a high-salt diet caused cognitive impairments in mice» and it could produce the same effect on humans.
Costantino Iadecola, director of the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research the Institute, said they fed the mice eight to sixteen times their normal salt intake and then tested the mice. After about three months, the mice had a big change in their behavior. Mice are very curious, and they like to look for new things. However, the tested mice lost the ability to identify a normal object. When the mice were put in their cage and asked to find a quiet spot, they did not remember where the quiet spot was. Then when the mice were building a nest, which is something the mice do daily, they, were unable to do so. The research suggested humans would experience a similar response.
Studies have shown Australians eat around double the recommended amount of salt each day, most of it coming from processed food. Dr. Ladecola said the estimated two teaspoons of salt the average Australian eats each day could affect the brain function in the long term. However, the decline might not be as obvious as in the mice, who were given extremely high levels of salt. "But probably over years and perhaps decades—as opposed to a few months for the mouse—even lower levels of salt may have a terrible effect," Dr ladecola said.
“High levels of salt cause serious immune changes in the organs in and around the stomach, resulting in an almost autoimmune effect on the brain. It is part of a growing body of evidence that we really are what we eat,“ Bryce Vissel, director of the Centre for Neuroscience at the University of Technology Sydney, said. "Those changes in turn cause all sorts of responses in the body, which over time certainly contribute to cognitive impairments."
12. Which can describe the tested mice?
A. They remained quiet all day. B. They became smarter than ever.
C. They forgot some routine things. D. They were quick at finding objects.
13. What do we know about Australians?
A. They ignore health advice. B. They have a higher-salt diet.
C. They dislike processed food. D. They value their brain health.
14. What does the last paragraph mainly focus on?
A. Studies carried out by Bryce Vissel. B. Immune changes brought about by salt.
C. Effects of daily diets on human behaviors. D. Links between salt intake and brain damage.
15. What does the text suggest?
A. Brain health counts much. B. The body never tells a lie.
C. Low-salt diet is to be advocated. D. Heart diseases can be