1、 电大《混凝土结构设计原理》形成性考核册 作业1 说明:本次作业对应于文字教材1至3章,应按相应教学进度完成。 一、选择题 1.下列关于钢筋混凝土结构的说法错误的是( )。 A.钢筋混凝土结构自重大,有利于大跨度结构、高层建筑结构及抗震 B.取材较方便、承载力高、耐久性佳、整体性强 C.施工需要大量模板、工序复杂、周期较长、受季节气候影响大 D.耐火性优、可模性好、节约钢材、抗裂性差 2.我国混凝土结构设计规范规定:混凝土强度等级依据( )确定。 A.圆柱体抗压强度标准 B.轴心抗压强度标准值 C.棱柱体抗压强度标准值 D.立方体
2、抗压强度标准值 3.混凝土的弹性系数反映了混凝土的弹塑性性质,定义( )为弹性系数。 A.弹性应变与总应变的比值 B.塑性应变与总应变的比值 C.弹性应变与塑性应变的比值 D.塑性应变与弹应变的比值 4.混凝土的变形模量等于( )。 A.应力与弹性应变的比值 B.应力应变曲线原点切线的曲率 C.应力应变曲线切线的斜率 D.弹性系数与弹性模量之乘积 5.我国混凝土结构设计规范规定:对无明显流幅的钢筋,在构件承载力设计时,取极限抗拉强度的( )作为条件屈服点。 A.75% B.80%
3、C.85% D.70% 6.结构的功能要求不包括( ) A 安全性 B 适用性 C 耐久性 D 经济性 7.结构上的作用可分为直接作用和间接作用两种,下列不属于间接作用的是( )。 A 地震 B 风荷载 C 地基不均匀沉降 D 温度变化 8.( )是结构按极限状态设计时采用的荷载基本代表值,是现行国家标准《建筑结构荷载规范》(GB 50009-2001)中对各类荷载规定的设计取值。 A 荷载标准值 B 组合值 C 频遇值 D 准永久值 二、判断题 1
4、.通常所说的混凝土结构是指素混凝土结构,而不是指钢筋混凝土结构。( ) 2.混凝土结构是以混凝土为主要材料,并根据需要配置钢筋、预应力筋、型钢等,组成承力构件的结构。( ) 3. 我国《混凝土规范》规定:钢筋混凝土构件的混凝土强度等级不应低于C10。( ) 4. 钢筋的伸长率越小,表明钢筋的塑性和变形能力越好。( ) 5.钢筋的疲劳破坏不属于脆性破坏。( ) 6.粘结和锚固是钢筋和混凝土形成整体、共同工作的基础。( ) 7.只存在结构承载能力的极限状态,结构的正常使用不存在极限状态。( )
5、 8.一般来说,设计使用年限长,设计基准期可能短一些;设计使用年限短,设计基准期可能长一些。( ) 9.钢筋和混凝土的强度标准值是钢筋混凝土结构按极限状态设计时采用的材料强度基本代表值。( ) 10.荷载设计值等于荷载标准值乘以荷载分项系数,材料强度设计值等于材料强度标准值乘以材料分项系数。( ) 三、简答题 1.钢筋和混凝土这两种物理和力学性能不同的材料,之所以能够有效地结合在一起而共同工作,其主要原因是什么? 2.试分析素混凝土梁与钢筋混凝土梁在承载力和受力性能方面的差异。
6、3.钢筋混凝土结构设计中选用钢筋的原则是什么? 4.什么是结构的极限状态?结构的极限状态分为几类,其含义是什么? 5.什么是结构上的作用?结构上的作用分为哪两种?荷载属于哪种作用? 6.什么叫做作用效应?什么叫做结构抗力? 作业2 说明:本次作业对应于文字教材4至5章,应按相应教学进度完成。 一、选择题 1.受弯构件抗裂度计算的依据是适筋梁正截面( )的截面受力状态。 A.第I阶段末 B.第II阶段末 C.第III阶段末 2.受弯构件正截面极限
7、状态承载力计算的依据是适筋梁正截面( )的截面受力状态。 A.第I阶段末 B.第II阶段末 C.第III阶段末 3.梁的破坏形式为受拉钢筋的屈服与受压区混凝土破坏同时发生,则这种梁称为( )。 A.少筋梁 B.适筋梁 C.平衡配筋梁 D.超筋梁 4.双筋矩形截面梁正截面承载力计算基本公式的第二个适用条件的物理意义是( )。 A.防止出现超筋破坏 B.防止出现少筋破坏 C.保证受压钢筋屈服 D.保证受拉钢筋屈服 5.受弯构件斜截面承载力计算公式是以( )为依据的。 A.
8、斜拉破坏 B.斜弯破坏 C.斜压破坏 D.剪压破坏 二、判断题 1.混凝土强度等级的选用须注意与钢筋强度的匹配,当采用HRB335、HRB400钢筋时,为了保证必要的粘结力,混凝土强度等级不应低于C25;当采用新HRB400钢筋时,混凝土强度等级不应低于C30。( ) 2.一般现浇梁板常用的钢筋强度等级为HPB235、HRB335钢筋。( ) 3.混凝土保护层应从受力纵筋的内边缘起算。( ) 4.钢筋混凝土受弯构件正截面承载力计算公式中考虑了受拉区混凝土的抗拉强度。( ) 5.钢筋混凝土梁斜截面破坏的三种
9、形式是斜压破坏、剪压破坏和斜拉破坏。( ) 6.钢筋混凝土无腹筋梁发生斜拉破坏时,梁的抗剪强度取决于混凝土的抗拉强度,剪压破坏也基本取决于混凝土的抗拉强度,而发生斜压破坏时,梁的抗剪强度取决于混凝土的抗压强度。( ) 7.剪跨比不是影响集中荷载作用下无腹筋梁受剪承载力的主要因素。( ) 8.钢筋混凝土梁沿斜截面的破坏形态均属于脆性破坏。( ) 三、简答题 1.钢筋混凝土受弯构件正截面的有效高度是指什么? 2.根据配筋率不同,简述钢筋混凝土梁的三种破坏形式及其破坏特点? 3.在受
10、弯构件正截面承载力计算中,的含义及其在计算中的作用是什么? 4.什么情况下采用双筋截面梁? 5.有腹筋梁斜截面剪切破坏形态有哪几种?各在什么情况下产生? 6.影响有腹筋梁斜截面受剪承载力的主要因素有哪些? 四、计算题 1.已知钢筋混凝土矩形梁,一类环境,其截面尺寸,承受弯矩设计值,采用C30 混凝土和HRB335 级钢筋。试配置截面钢筋。 2.已知矩形截面梁,已配纵向受拉钢筋4根22mm 的HRB400级钢筋,按下列条件计算此梁所能承
11、受的弯矩设计值。 ① 混凝土强度等级为C25; ② 若由于施工原因,混凝土强度等级仅达到C20级。 3.一钢筋混凝土矩形截面简支梁,处于一类环境,安全等级二级,混凝土强度等级为C25,梁的截面尺寸为,纵向钢筋采用HRB335级钢筋,箍筋采用HPB235级钢筋,均布荷载在梁支座边缘产生的最大剪力设计值为250kN。正截面强度计算已配置425 的纵筋,求所需的箍筋。 4. 承受均布荷载设计值作用下
12、的矩形截面简支梁,安全等级二级,处于一类环境,截面尺寸,混凝土为C30级,箍筋采用HPB235级钢筋。梁净跨度。梁中已配有双肢 @200箍筋,试求:梁在正常使用期间按斜截面承载力要求所能承担的荷载设计值。 作业3 说明:本次作业对应于文字教材6至9章,应按相应教学进度完成。 一、选择题 1.螺旋箍筋柱较普通箍筋柱承载力提高的原因是( )。 A.螺旋筋使纵筋难以被压屈 B.螺旋筋的存在增加了总的配筋率 C.螺旋筋约束了混凝土的横向变形 D.螺旋筋的弹簧作用
13、2.大偏心和小偏心受压破坏的本质区别在于( )。 A.受拉区的混凝土是否破坏 B.受拉区的钢筋是否屈服 C.受压区的钢筋是否屈服 D.受压区的混凝土是否破坏 3.偏心受压构件界限破坏时,( )。 A.远离轴向力一侧的钢筋屈服比受压区混凝土压碎早发生 B.远离轴向力一侧的钢筋屈服比受压区混凝土压碎晚发生 C.远离轴向力一侧的钢筋屈服与另一侧钢筋屈服同时发生 D.远离轴向力一侧的钢筋屈服与受压区混凝土压碎同时发生 4.进行构件的裂缝宽度和变形验算的目的是( )。 A.使构件满足正常使用极限状态要求 B.使构件能够在弹性
14、阶段工作 C.使构件满足承载能力极限状态要求 D.使构件能够带裂缝工作 5.轴心受拉构件破坏时,拉力( )承担。 A.由钢筋和混凝土共同 B.由钢筋和部分混凝土共同 C.仅由钢筋 D.仅由混凝土 6.其它条件相同时,钢筋的保护层厚度与平均裂缝间距、裂缝宽度的关系是( )。 A.保护层越厚,平均裂缝间距越大,裂缝宽度也越大 B.保护层越厚,平均裂缝间距越小,裂缝宽度越大 C.保护层厚度对平均裂缝间距没有影响,但保护层越厚,裂缝宽度越大 7.通过对轴心受拉构件裂缝宽度公式的分析可知,在其它条件不变的情况下,要想减小裂缝宽度,就只有(
15、 )。 A.减小钢筋直径或增大截面配筋率 B.增大钢筋直径或减小截面配筋率 C.增大截面尺寸和减小钢筋截面面积 二、判断题 1.钢筋混凝土受压构件中的纵向钢筋一般采用HRB400级、HRB335级和RRB400级,不宜采用高强度钢筋。( ) 2.在轴心受压短柱中,不论受压钢筋在构件破坏时是否屈服,构件的最终承载力都是由混凝土被压碎来控制的。( ) 3. 钢筋混凝土长柱的稳定系数随着长细比的增大而增大。( ) 4.两种偏心受压破坏的分界条件为:为大偏心受压破坏;为小偏心受压破坏。( ) 5.大偏心受拉
16、构件为全截面受拉,小偏心受拉构件截面上为部分受压部分受拉。( ) 6.钢筋混凝土轴心受拉构件破坏时,混凝土的拉裂与钢筋的受拉屈服同时发生。( ) 7.静定的受扭构件,由荷载产生的扭矩是由构件的静力平衡条件确定的,与受扭构件的扭转刚度无关,此时称为平衡扭转。( ) 8.对于超静定结构体系,构件上产生的扭矩除了静力平衡条件以外,还必须由相邻构件的变形协调条件才能确定,此时称为协调扭转。( ) 9.受扭的素混凝土构件,一旦出现斜裂缝即完全破坏。若配置适量的受扭纵筋和受扭箍筋,则不但其承载力有较显著的提高,且构件破坏时会具有较好的延
17、性。( ) 10.在弯剪扭构件中,弯曲受拉边纵向受拉钢筋的最小配筋量,不应小于按弯曲受拉钢筋最小配筋率计算出的钢筋截面面积,与按受扭纵向受力钢筋最小配筋率计算并分配到弯曲受拉边钢筋截面面积之和。( ) 11.钢筋混凝土构件裂缝的开展是由于混凝土的回缩和钢筋伸长所造成的。( ) 12.荷载长期作用下钢筋混凝土受弯构件挠度增长的主要原因是混凝土的徐变和收缩。( ) 三、简答题 1.钢筋混凝土柱中箍筋应当采用封闭式,其原因在于? 2.钢筋混凝土偏心受压破坏通常分为哪两种情况?它们的发生条件和破坏特点是怎样的?
18、 3.简述矩形截面大偏心受压构件正截面承载力计算公式的使用条件? 4.实际工程中,哪些受拉构件可以按轴心受拉构件计算,哪些受拉构件可以按偏心受拉构件计算? 5.轴心受拉构件从加载开始到破坏为止可分为哪三个受力阶段?其承载力计算以哪个阶段为依据? 6.大、小偏心受拉构件的破坏特征有什么不同?如何划分大、小偏心受拉构件? 7.钢筋混凝土纯扭构件有哪几种破坏形式?各有何特点? 8. 钢筋混凝土弯剪扭构件的钢筋配置有哪
19、些构造要求? 9.钢筋混凝土裂缝控制的目的是什么? 四、计算题 1.已知某柱两端为不动铰支座,柱高H=5.6m,截面尺寸为400mm×400mm,采用C20混凝土、HRB335钢筋,柱顶截面承受轴心压力设计值N=1692kN,试确定该柱所需的纵向钢筋截面面积。 2.已知某钢筋混凝土屋架下弦,截面尺寸,承受的轴心拉力设计值,混凝土强度等级C30,钢筋为HRB335。求截面配筋。 作业4 说明:本次作业对应于文字教材
20、10至11章,应按相应教学进度完成。 一、选择题 1.混凝土极限拉应变约为( )。 A.(1.00~1.80)×10-3 B.(0.20~0.40)×10-3 C.(0.10~0.15)×10-3 D.(1.00~1.50)×10-3 2.钢筋HPB235、HRB335、HRB400和RRB400屈服时,其应变约为( )。 A.(1.50~1.80)×10-3 B.(0.20~0.40)×10-3 C.(0.10~0.15)×10-3 D.(1.00~1.80)×10-3 3.条件相同的钢筋混凝土轴拉构件和预应
21、力混凝土轴拉构件相比较,( )。 A.后者的刚度低于前者 B.后者的抗裂度比前者好 C.前者与后者的抗裂度相同 D. 前者与后者的刚度相同 4.下列各项预应力损失类型中,不属于后张法预应力损失的是( )。 A.锚固回缩损失 B.摩擦损失 C.温差损失 D.应力松弛损失 5.公路桥涵现浇梁、板的混凝土强度等级不应低于( A ),当用HRB400、KL400级钢筋配筋时,不应低于( )。 A.C20 B.C25 C.C30 D.C15 二、判断题 1.普通钢筋混凝土结构中采
22、用高强度钢筋是不能充分发挥其作用的,而采用高强混凝土可以很好发挥其作用。( ) 2.无粘结预应力混凝土结构通常与先张预应力工艺相结合。( ) 3.后张法预应力混凝土构件,预应力是靠钢筋与混凝土之间的粘结力来传递的。( ) 4.对先张法预应力构件,预应力是依靠钢筋端部的锚具来传递的。( ) 5.我国混凝土结构设计规范规定,预应力混凝土构件的混凝土强度等级不应低于C30。对采用钢绞线、钢丝、热处理钢筋作预应力钢筋的构件,特别是大跨度结构,混凝土强度等级不宜低于C40。( ) 6.张拉控制应力是指预应力钢筋在进行
23、张拉时所控制达到的最大应力值。( ) 7.为保证钢筋与混凝土的粘结强度,防止放松预应力钢筋时出现纵向劈裂裂缝,必须有一定的混凝土保护层厚度。( ) 8.我国《公路桥规》采用以概率论为基础的极限状态设计法,按分项系数的设计表达式进行设计,对桥梁结构采用的设计基准期为50年。( ) 9.与《房建规范》不同,《公路桥规》在抗剪承载力计算中,其混凝土和箍筋的抗剪能力没有采用两项相加的方法,而是采用破坏斜截面内箍筋与混凝土的共同承载力。( ) 10.《公路桥规》规定受压构件纵向钢筋面积不应小于构件截面面积的0.5%。( ) 1
24、1.我国《公路桥规》关于裂缝宽度的计算与《混凝土结构设计规范》是相同的。( ) 12. 我国《公路桥规》中指出裂缝宽度主要与受拉钢筋应力、钢筋直径、受拉钢筋配筋率、钢筋表面形状、混凝土标号和保护层厚度有关,而挠度的计算则根据给定的构件刚度用结构力学的方法计算。( ) 三、简答题 1.与普通混凝土相比,预应力混凝土具有哪些优势和劣势? 2.简述有粘结预应力与无粘结预应力的区别? 3.列举三种建筑工程中常用的预应力锚具? 4.预应力混凝土结构及构件所用的混凝土,需满足哪些要求?
25、 5.引起预应力损失的因素有哪些?如何减少各项预应力损失? 6.公路桥涵按承载力极限状态和正常使用极限状态进行结构设计,在设计中应考虑哪三种设计状况?分别需做哪种设计? 四、计算题 1.已知一矩形截面简支梁,截面尺寸b×h=200mm×550mm,混凝土强度等级为C25,纵向钢筋采用HRB335级,安全等级为二级,梁跨中截面承受的最大弯矩设计值为M=160kN·m。 ①若上述设计条件不能改变,试进行配筋计算。 ②若由于施工质量原因,实测混凝土强度仅达到C20,试问按①问所
26、得钢筋面积的梁是否安全? 请您删除一下内容,O(∩_∩)O谢谢!!!2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全,电大期末考试必备小抄,电大考试必过小抄After earning his spurs in the kitchens of The Westin, The Sheraton, Sens on the Bund, and a sprinkling of other top-notch venues, Simpson Lu fi nally got the chance to become his own boss in November 2010. Sort of. The Sh
27、anghai-born chef might not actually own California Pizza Kitchen (CPK) but he is in sole charge of both kitchen and frontof- house at this Sinan Mansions'stalwart. "It’s certainly a responsibility to be the head chef, and then to have to manage the rest of the restaurant as well," the 31-year-old t
28、ells Enjoy Shanghai. "In hotels, for example, these jobs are strictly demarcated, so it’s a great opportunity to learn how a business operates across the board." It was a task that management back in sunny California evidently felt he was ready for, and a vote of confi dence from a company that, to
29、 date, has opened 250 outlets in 11 countries. And for added pressure, the Shanghai branch was also CPK’s China debut. "For sure it was a big step, and unlike all their other Asia operations that are franchises, they decided to manage it directly to begin with," says Simpson. Two years ago a priva
30、te franchisee took over the lease, but the links to CPK headquarters are still strong, with a mainland-based 'brand ambassador’ on hand to ensure the business adheres to its ethos of creating "innovative, hearth-baked pizzas", a slice of PR blurb that Simpson insists lives up to the hype. "They are
31、 very innovative," he says. "The problem with most fast food places is that they use the same sauce on every pizza and just change the toppings. Every one of our 16 pizza sauces is a unique recipe that has been formulated to complement the toppings perfectly." The largely local customer base eviden
32、tly agrees and on Saturday and Sunday, at least, the place is teeming. The kids-eat-for-free policy at weekends is undoubtedly a big draw, as well as is the spacious second-fl oor layout overlooked by a canopy of green from Fuxing Park over the road. The company is also focusing on increasing brand
33、 recognition and in recent years has taken part in outside events such as the regular California Week. Still, the sta are honest enough to admit that business could be better; as good, in fact, as in CPK’s second outlet in the popular Kerry Parkside shopping mall in Pudong. "Sinan Mansions has real
34、ly struggled to get the number of visitors that were envisaged when it first opened, and it hasn’t been easy for any of the tenants here," adds Simpson. "We’re planning a third outlet in the city in 2015, and we will probably choose a shopping mall again because of the better foot traffic." The tear
35、ooms once frequented by Coco Chanel and Marcel Proust are upping sticks and coming to Shanghai, Xu Junqian visits the Parisian outpost with sweet treats. One thing the century-old Parisian tearoom Angelina has shown is that legendary fashion designer Coco Chanel not only had style and glamor but als
36、o boasted great taste in food, pastries in particular. One of the most popular tearooms in Paris, Angelina is famous for having once been frequented by celebrities such as Chanel and writer Marcel Proust. Now Angelina has packed up its French ambience, efficient service, and beautiful, comforting de
37、sserts and flown them to Shanghai. At the flagship dine-in and take-out space in Shanghai, everything mimics the original tearoom designed from the beginning of the 20th century, in Paris, the height of "Belle Epoque". The paintings on the wall, for example, are exactly the same as the one that dep
38、icts the landscape of southern France, the hometown of the owner; and the small tables are intentional imitations of the ones that Coco Chanel once sat at every afternoon for hot chocolate. The famous hot chocolate, known as L’Africain, is a luxurious mixture of four types of cocoa beans imported fr
39、om Africa, blended in Paris and then shipped to Shanghai. It’s sinfully sweet, rich and thick as if putting a bar of melting chocolate directly on the tongue and the fresh whipped cream on the side makes a light, but equally gratifying contrast. It is also sold in glass bottles as takeaway. The sign
40、ature Mont-Blanc chestnut cake consists of three parts: the pureed chestnut on top, the vanilla cream like stuffing, and the meringue as base. Get all three layers in one scoop, not only for the different textures but also various flavors of sweetness. The dessert has maintained its popularity for a
41、 century, even in a country like France, perhaps the world’s most competitive place for desserts. A much overlooked pairing, is the Paris-New York choux pastry and N226 chocolate flavored tea. The choux pastry is a mouthful of airy pecan-flavored whipped cream, while the tea, a blend of black teas
42、from China and Ceylon, cocoa and rose petals, offers a more subtle fragrance of flowers and chocolate. Ordering these two items, featuring a muted sweetness, makes it easier for you to fit into your little black dress. Breakfast, brunch, lunch and light supper are also served at the tearoom, "a hub
43、of many cultures" and takes in "a mix of different styles of French cuisines", according to the management team. The semi-cooked foie gras terrine, is seductive and deceptive. It’s generously served at the size and shape of a toast, while the actual brioche toast is baked into a curved slice dipped
44、with fig chutney. The flavor, however, is honest: strong, smooth and sublime. And you don’t actually need the toast for crunchiness. This is the season for high teas, with dainty cups of fine china and little pastries that appeal to both visual and physical appetites. But there is one high tea with
45、a difference, and Pauline D. Loh finds out just exactly why it is special. Earl Grey tea and macarons are all very well for the crucial recuperative break in-between intensive bouts of holiday season shopping. And for those who prefer savory to sweet, there is still the selection of classic Chinese
46、snacks called dim sum to satisfy and satiate. High tea is a meal to eat with eye and mouth, an in-between indulgence that should be light enough not to spoil dinner, but sufficiently robust to take the edge off the hunger that strikes hours after lunch. The afternoon tea special at Shang-Xi at the F
47、our Seasons Hotel Pudong has just the right elements. It is a pampering meal, with touches of luxury that make the high tea session a treat in itself. Whole baby abalones are braised and then topped on a shortcrust pastry shell, a sort of Chinese version of the Western vol-au-vent, but classier. Eve
48、n classier is the dim sum staple shrimp dumpling or hargow, upgraded with the addition of slivers of midnight dark truffles. This is a master touch, and chef Simon Choi, who presides unchallenged at Shang-Xi, has scored a winner again. Sweet prawns and aromatic truffles — what’s not to love? His mas
49、terful craftsmanship is exhibited in yet another pastry — a sweet pastry that is shaped to look like a walnut, but which you can put straight into the mouth. It crumbles immediately, and the slightly sweet, nutty morsel is so easy to eat you’ll probably reach straight for another. My favorite is the
50、 dessert that goes by the name yangzhi ganlu, or ambrosia from the gods. The hotel calls it chilled mango cream with sago, pomelo and bird’s nest – made with ingredients that resonate with every female soul. It does taste like ambrosia, with the sweet-sour fragrance of the mango forming the first la
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