三单与时态.docx

三单与时态
三单与时态

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教学目标：学习动词第三人称单数及时态
教学重/难点:动词第三人称单数及时态运用
教学内容
第三人称单数问题
　　一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时,即常在动词原形后加—s或-es。
第三人称单数变化，现归纳总结如下：

1.人称代词he， she, it是第三人称单数。
如：He likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。
She has lunch at twelve。她十二点吃午餐.　
It looks like a cat.它看起来像只猫.

2.单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；用第三人称单数.如：
①Han Mei looks like her mother.韩梅看起来像她的母亲。
②Beijing is in China.北京在中国。
③Uncle Wang often makes cakes。王叔叔经常做蛋糕。

3.单数可数名词或"this / that / the/ a +单数可数名词"作主语时，是第三人称单数。如：
　①A horse is a useful animal。马是有用的动物。 ②This book is yours.这本书是你的.
　③That car is red.那辆小汽车是红色的. ④The cat is Lucy's.这只猫是露茜的.

4。不定代词someone, somebody， nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this， that作主语时，第三人称单数。
　①Everyone is here.大家到齐了。 ②There is something wrong with the watch。这块手表有毛病。
　③This is a pen.这是一支钢笔。 ④That is an eraser.那是一块橡皮擦。

5。不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如： ①The milk is in the glass.
②The bread is very small。

6.当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数.如： ①"6" is a lucky number。”6” ②"I” is a letter.

发音规则
动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察.
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s］，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z］。如：
①stop－stops ［s] ; make－makes [s］
②read－reads ［z] ; play－plays ［z]

2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es"读［iz] 如:
fly－flies [z]; carry－carries [z]
study－studies [z]; worry－worries

3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为［iz］ 如：
teach－teaches ［iz］； watch－watches [iz］

4、以“o"结尾的动词，加“es”，读［z] 如：
go－goes ［z] do－does ［z]
注：下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。 如：
1、do ［du：］－does ［dz]
2、say [sei］－says [sez］

以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是［s］，［z]时，加“s”后字母“e"发音, 与所加“s”
一起读做[iz]。 如：
close－closes ［iz]

作业
I。 写出第三人称单数：
wash_________ match _______guess______ study______ finish_________ go________ snow______ carry_________ say______ fly______ do______ watch______ play ______ look______ like______ have______ be ______

II。 用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空：
1。 He________ TV every evening。 （watch)
2。 We always ________ to school on foot. But he______ to school by bus。(go)
3。 Tom, with his classmates, often ______ football after school。 （play)
4。 Your shoes _______ under the bed and the coat______ on the bed。。 （be)
5. ______ here and ______ by me. （come, stand)
6。 My son usually _________ homework at home.。 (do）
7. I always ______ up at six in the morning。 But my mother ______ at five.(get）
8。 John ________ like his father. (look）

四种常用时态
1．一般现在时
（1)表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常与 “usually, often, every day， sometimes，always， never”等词连用。
（2)基本结构
结构一：Be动词型
肯定句 主语+be（am/is /are）+其它.
否定句 主语+be(am/is /are)+not+其它。
一般疑问句 Be（Am/Is/Are)+主语+其它?
结构二：实意动词型
   肯定句 主语+  动词原形/ 动词三单式 +其它
主语是第三人称单数时，动词也要变成单数（加—s/es)。
   否定句 主语+  don’t / doesn’t + 动词原形+其它
一般疑问句 Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其它？
回答: Yes, 主语代词+ do/does. No, 主语代词+don’t/ doesn’t.
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句结构?

Test to you!
一、用单词的正确形式填空:
1. Mike _________ (do) his homework every day.
2. There __________(be） some water in the glass.
3。 We like ________ （play) basketball after class
4。 I like singing. I often _________（listen） to the music in the evening.
5. My grandma_________（watch） TV every day。

二、选择最佳的答案：
1。 ____Alice often play the piano. No, she _____。
A. Do; do B。 Does； does C。 Does; doesn't
2。 ___ your penfriend __ in Beijing？
A. Do; live B. Do; lives C. Does; live
3。 Tom and Mike __ very excited, they will take a trip.
A. is B. are C. am
4。 I like ________ very much。 What about you？
A. dance B. danced C. dancing
5。 I can't find my pen。 Let me __。
A。 go and ask her B. go and ask hers C。 go and ask she
6. Fangfang is a good student。 She ____maths.
A。 does good at B. well do it C. is good at
7. The kite ____ a bird。
A. look like B。 is looking C. looks like
8. Bill and I ___ good friends.
A。 is B。 are C。 am
9. Sandy often ___ his homework on Sundays .
A。 do B. does C. did
10。 What do you usually do on the weekend? I __________.
A. went swimming B。 go swimming C。 visited grandparents
11. What do you usually do on your holiday?
A. saw elephants B. sing and dance C。took picture
12。 I ____ a student。 I go to school ____bus every day.
A。 is; by B。 am； on C。 am； by
13。 I ____ a brother。 She ____ a sister。
A. have； has B。 has； has C. have； have
14. You ____ a student。 He ____ a teacher。
A。 is； is B. are; is C。 are； are
15。 He always _____ football games。
A。 watches B. watch C. doesn’t
16。 My best friend _____ shells。
A。 collects B。 collect C。 often
17。 She doesn’t _____ listening to the music.
A。 often B。 like C。 likes
18. My mother and I ___ always watch romantic films.
A。 doesn't B。 don't C。 do
19. ——-When _____ he get home on Friday？
——--He gets home at four on Friday.
A。 do B. does C。 did
20. Summer ___ spring。
A。 comes after B。 comes in C. comes before

2．现在进行时
（1）表示说话时正在发生的动作或状态,通常与“now, look .listen等连用”.
（2）基本结构：
肯定句： 主语+be （am/is /are）+ 动词+ing+其它. I am doing my homework.

否定句：主语+be （am/is /are)+not+ 动词+ing+其它。
I am not doing my homework。
一般疑问句： Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语+动词+ing+其它。?
Are you doing your homework？
动词的现在分词的变化规则是怎样的?
1 一般情况下，直接在动词后加－ing
work —-—- working sleep --——- sleeping study --—-— studying
2 动词以不发音的－e结尾，要去－e加－ing
take —---- taking make —-——- making dance -—--— dancing
3 重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母,再加－ing
cut ——--— cutting put ——- putting begin --—-—- beginning
4 以－ie结尾的动词，把变成y再加－ing
lie ——-—— lying tie ——-—— tying die —-——- dying
什么是闭音节,什么是重读闭音节?
开音节：1。以发声的元音字母结尾的音节;如:we/wi：/ bee/bi：/
　　2.以辅音字母(r除外）加不发声的e结尾的音节。 如：cake/keik/ bite/bait/ mute/mju:t/
　闭音节:1。以一个或几个辅音字母结尾（r除外）,而中间只有一个元音字母的音节；如:sit/sit/ film/film/ pen/pen/
　　重读音节:除了单音节词外，在双音节和多音节词中,如果某个音节符合以上规则且重读则为重读开音节或重读闭音节。
　　如:begin(gin为重读闭音节) /bi'gin/
　　 mistake(take为重读开音节） /mis'teik/
除了单音节词外，在双音节和多音节中，如果某个音节符合以上规则且重读则为重读开间节或重读闭音节.
　关于语音的几个概念
　　1）字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母a， e， i（y）, o, u，
　　2）音标：词的语音形式。
　　3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。
　　4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap’ple, stu’dent, tea'cher, un’der’stand
　　5)元音：发音响亮,是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音.英语中有20元音。
　　6）辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。
　　7)开音节:a） 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b） 辅音+元音 he, go， hi
　　8)闭音节：a） 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit， hot, cup； b）元音+辅音it
　　9)重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
现在进行时练习题
一、 写出下列单词的现在分词:
1。speak ______ 2. run _______ 3. swim ______ 4. do ____ 5。ask _______
6. begin _______ 7. dance ______ 8。eat ______9. sing ________ 10 fly _______
11. jog ______　12. come ______13。 talk ____ 14. sleep ______ 15. fight _____ 16.jump ______17。 get _________18. buy ____ 19。 cook ______ 20.skate ___
二、用单词的适当形式填空：
1. look！ Chen Jie and Mike are ___________(sing）now.
2. The small bear is ________ (climb) the tree.
3. Mike is ________ (draw） picture.
4。 She is ________ (do) the dishes.
5。 My brother is ________ （make) kites。
6. My father is ________ （read） a newspaper in living room。
7。 Ted is __________(answer) the phone。
8. My uncle is ________ （drive) a car。
9. The students are ________(listen） to their teacher carefully。
10. Chen Jie is _________(wash) clothes.
11。 His sister is ________ （write) an e-mail.
12. We are __________（clean) the classroom now.
13. I’m ________(work） on my computer。
14. They are _________（play) basketball.
15。 The tiger is ________(walk）。
16. The elephant is _________（drink） water with its trunk。
17。 The monkeys are _________ (swing).
18。 Peter is ________(take） pictures.
19。 They are ________（take）up the apples.
20 We are ________（catch） butterflies）

三、 选择正确答案
1。 Every one ____ to their teacher in the classroom.
A. are listening B。 is listening C. listen
2。 They are singing and ___ together at the party now.
A。 dance B. danced C。 dancing
3。 Listen！ The birds ____.
A。 is singing B. are sing C. are singing
4。 Look！ The kite ___ in the sky。
A。 fly B。 flies C。 is flying
5. They ____ riding a forse.
A. is B. are C。 am
6. Kate ____ playing chess.
A. am B. is C。 are
7。 Are you washing clothes？
A。 Yes， you are B Yes， I am C. No， I am
8. Is he ____ TV？Yes， he is.
A. watch B. watching C。 not
9. ____ they taking pictures.? Yes, they are.
A。 Am B. Be C. Are
10. It’s 10 o’clock. Ben _____ TV in the bedroom。
A. watch B. is watching C. watches

3. 一般过去时态
（1) 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，通常用 “last week， just now, yesterday”等 词。
（2）基本结构
结构一:Be动词型
肯定句 主语+be(was /were)+其它。 I was at school yesterday。
否定句 主语+be（was /were）+not+其它。 I wasn't at school yesterday.
一般疑问句 Be（was/were)+主语+其它？ Were you at school yesterday?

结构二：实意动词型

    肯定句 主语+ 动词过去式 +其它 I went shopping last night。
   否定句 主语+didn’t + 动词原形+其它 I didn’t go shopping last night。
一般疑问句 Did+主语 + 动词原形+其它? Did you go shopping last night?
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 ？ What did you do last night?

（3）动词过去式的变化。
规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed"构成，具体变化有:
1。 直接在词尾加-ed。如： want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed， clean—cleaned
2。 以不发音的e 结尾的在词尾加-d。如：like-liked, live—lived, use-used， move—moved
3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加—ed。如：stop—stopped, trip—tripped begged dropped planned
4。 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词，先把y 变成i,再加—ed.
如：study—studied, carry—carried， hurry—hurried， marry—married

注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆.
go - went make - made get — got buy — bought come — came fly-flew
不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法：
1. 以t 结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如：put—put， let—let， cut—cut, beat—beat
2。 以d 结尾的词,把d 变成t。如：build—built, lend—lent, send-sent， spend-spent
3。 以n 结尾的词,在词后加t。如:mean-meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt
4。 以ow / aw 结尾的词，把ow / aw 变成ew。如:blow—blew， draw—drew，
know—knew， grow-grew
5。 含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keep—kept, sleep—slept， feel—felt， smell-smelt
6。 含有元音字母o / i 的词，将o / i 变成a。如:sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat，
drink—drank come-—-came
规则动词过去式加“ed”后的发音规则
在浊辅音和元音后面 [d］ moved［mu：vd]
在清辅音后面[t］ helped［helpt］ passed［pa:st］
在[t] [d]音后面[id］started［'sta:tid] needed［’ni:did］ counted[’kauntid]
不规则动词的变化：
原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式
sweep swept teach taught have had go went
keep kept think thought do did find found
sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said
feel felt drink drank is/am was take took
read read give gave are were mean meant
put put sing sang drive drove meet met
cut cut begin began speak spoke make made
let let ring rang write wrote see saw
fly flew run ran ride rode come came
draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told
grow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew

一、写出下列动词的过去式或动词原形。
1. go_____ 2。 is_____ 3。buy_____ 4。swim_____ 5。 have ______
6。 watched ________ 7。 ate___ 8. got_____ 9. lived ______10. saw ___
11。 spend _____ 12. talk ______13. do ______14。 teach _______ 15. win ______
16. like _______ 17. write ______18. cry ______ 19。 study _____ 20. ask ______

二、 用单词的适当形式填空。
1。 ________ you ________（water） the flowers yesterday.
2. Su Hai _________(go） for a walk last Sunday.
3。 Mike didn’t ________(finish) his homework yesterday。
4。 I _______ （pick) apples on the tree last month。
5. I _______(is) ten years old last year. On that day， I _______(blow) the candles out。
6。 There ________(are） five books on the desk a moment ago.
7. They ____sweep) the floor just now.
8。 I _________ （meet) Miss White the day before yesterday。
9。 I _______ （wash） clothes last weekend。
10。 What did you you do on your holiday? I ________ (go) swimming。
三、 选择正确的答案.
1。 I ____ presents for my parents yesterday.
A。 buyed B。 bought C. buying
2。 Susan _____ swimming yesterday。
A. go B. goes C。 went
3. Danny _____ breakfast five times last week。
A。 eat B. ate C。 eated
4。 Last Sunday____ Tree Planting Day.
A。 is B。 were C。 was
5. I ____ a lot from our textbook。
A. learned B. learnes C. learning
6. We ____ to the zoo and ___ a lot of animals yesterday。
A. go; see B. went； saw C. goes； sees
7. What did you do last weekend ？ —-I _________
A。 read a book B. wash the clothes C。 go fishing
8。 What did you do on your holiday? I ________
A。 bought a present B. go skiing C。 learn English
9。 What did he _____ yesterday？ He ____ his homework。
A. did; did B. do； did C. do; do
10。 Yesterday my presents and I ____ our house.
A. were cleaning B。 cleaned C。 are going to clean
11。 What _____ to trees in the different season?
A. happen B。 happens C. happened
12. Last summer. I ____ in the lake and played on the beach.
A. swim B. swam C。 will swim
13。 Did you eat good food in China？ ______.
A. Yes, I do B。 No, I didn't C. No， I did
14。 We played basketball _____。
A。 sometimes B. on Saturdays C. last Saturday

4．一般将来时
1)一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: tonight, tomorrow， the day after tomorrow， next week, in three hours, two days later 等。
2）基本结构:
肯定句：主语+will/shall +动词原形+其它.
否定句：主语+will/shall+ not +动词原形+其它.
一般疑问句：Will/Shall+主语+动词原形+其它？
例如：I'll visit my grandpa next week。
I won’t visit my grandpa next week.
Will you visit your grandpa next week.?
Yes, I will。 No, I won’t.

一般将来时态 ：主要从时间的角度表将要发生的动作或情况。
一般将来时除了使用“shall／will + V…"以外，也可以使用下列的句式来表达。
1．be going to + V … （即将会……；打算将……）
be going to 结构 ：①表(主观上）打算或准备做某事时。 ②表有发生某事的预兆时。
e。g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies。 It is going to rain。
据以上区别,故下面一句是错的：
I am going to be eighteen years old next year。
应改为： I shall be eighteen years old next year。
be about to do sth 结构 :意为“刚要做某事”、“马上要做某事"强调时间之紧迫性。
e。g. We are about to discuss this problem。
我们将马上讨论这个问题。
be to do sth 结构: 表示按计划、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事.
e。g。 When is the train to leave。
shall与will用法的区别详见(shall与will用法的区别及它两过去式用法的区别）

一、用单词的适当形式填空.
I _______ ________ _______ _______ （see） a film tomorrow.
A: What _______ you _______ ______ _______ (do） next Saturday？
B: I _______ __________ _______ ________(swim) with my parents。
There ______　_______ （be) a party in our school.
Mike _______ ________ （visit ) his grandparents next week。
He ______　______　_______　_______（buy）a bike the day after tomorrow.
________ （fly）a kite with my father next week.
He will not _________ (go) school tomorrow.
二、选择正确的答案.
I'm going to _____ some chopsticks ____ Sunday afternoon.
A. bought; on B. buy; on C. buy； on
2. When are you going to Hong Kong? I’m going there ____ .
A. this weekend B。 by plane C. yesterday
3。 I’m going to__