高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习.doc

高中英语主谓一致一）主谓一致的种类1语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike. 2意义上一致1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouting. 单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, , cattle,等。2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising. 形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。3就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，eitheror, neithernot, not onlybut also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如：Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. （二）主谓一致的应用1名词作主语1）某些集体名词，如family, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。2）某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如：The police are searching for the thief. 3）单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 4）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：Three years has passed since then. 5）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. 6）如果主语有more than one很多 非常或many a许多构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：More members than one are against your plan. 7）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：A pair of shoes was on the desk. 8）this kind of book =a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.10）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如：The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. (这家玻璃厂建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway station. （这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。）当它们前面有a, such a , this, that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数，但means, no means, 11）如果名词词组中心词是all，most, half, rest等词语，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：All of my classmates like music.All of the water is gone.12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.2由连接词连接的名词作主语1）用and或bothand连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.2）当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由引导词前面的主语而定。如：The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.）以or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.3代词作主语1）关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Those who want to go please put up your hands. Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 2）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu. Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu. What produce(s) heat ? 3）ther, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。但后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如：Do(es) any of you know his address ?None of them has(have)seen the film.4分数、量词作主语1）“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，例如：Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数”谓语用复数译为大量，许多，the number of中心词是number,谓语用单数，译为的数量A number of students have gone home.The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 注意：(large)quantities of不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，例如：Quantities of food(nuts) were on the table.短语in quantity, in large quantities意为“大量”；in small quantities意为“少量”。2）a great deal of , a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，例如：A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3）表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.5名词化的形容词作主语如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等； The blind study in special schools.The poor live in a undeveleped country6从句作主语1）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如：What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.1.Three _ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A. hundreds peopleB. hundred peopleC. hundreds peoplesD. hundred peoples2. Either you or the president _ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out3. I, who _ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A. amB. isC. areD. be4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _ in Beijing of China, which _ known to us all.A. is to hold; isB. is to be held; wasC. are to hold; isD. are to be held; is5. There _ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _ up.A. were; itB. are; themC. was; itD. is; them6. Three million tons of coal _ every year in the city.A. is exploited B. are exploitedC. had exploitedD. have exploited7. Stories of the Long March _ popular with the young people now.A. isB. wasC. areD. were8. Mathematics _ the language of science.A. areB. are going to beC. isD. is to be9. Both rice and wheat _ grown in our country.A. isB. areC. wasD. were10. _ either of your parents come to see you recently?A. HaveB. HadC. HasD. Is11. What the children in the mountain village need _ good books.A. is B. areC. haveD. has12. The whole family _ TV attentively.A. are watchingB. is watchingC. is seeingD. are seeing13. Nothing but several glasses _ bought by my father the day before yesterday.A. wasB. wereC. have beenD. would be14. At the bus stop _ a soldier and two youngpeople on their way to the village.A. wereB. wasC. isD. sits15. If law and order _, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A. are not preservedB. is not preservedC. were preservedD. have not been preserved16. There _ little change in that middle school.A. haveB. hadC. have beenD. has been17. What such a sunset is _ strange to us all.A. going to beB. /C. isD. that18. Seventy-five percent of the earths surface _ with water.A. is coveredB. is coveringC. were coveredD. are covered19. The following _ some other mental diseases.A. beingB. areC. wasD. were20. Not only you but also I _ able to help him out.A. areB. isC. amD. were21. “ The Kites” _ us a story of the kites history.A. have toldB. tellsC. were toldD. was told22. You and I _ twin sisters.A. wereB. areC. isD. am23. A teacher of English and class teacher _ us something about volunteer workers.A. are tellingB. is tellingC. are givenD. were given24. Thousands of tons of rubbish _ over a large period of time.A. rots awayB. rot awayC. has rotted awayD. are rotted away25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _ the newly-built stadium.A. is cleaningB. are cleaningC. were cleaningD. have cleaned26. Many a student _ something about Abraham Lincoln.A. have knownB. knowsC. is knownD. are known27. The defence works _ built long ago to keep the enemy away.A. wereB. has beenC. had beenD. was28. “ Have you all studied the passageUsing the Mind against Disease？”“_ .”A. Nobody of us hasB. Nobody of us haveC. None of us hasD. None of us did29. A group of Italian soldiers _ quickly towards their position.A. were advancingB. were advancedC. was advancingD. advancing30. Everyone, men and women, old and young _ sports and games.A. is enjoyB. were enjoyingC. enjoysD. enjoy1.解析：选B. hundred一词前面有具体数词修饰时不加-s2. 解析：选D. 当either or 连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词在人称和数上和后一个主语保持一致。“be+不定式”表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。3. 解析：选A. who 为引导定语从句的关系代词，其先行词是I , 所以谓语动词要用am.4. 解析：选D. 主语the Olympic Games 意为：奥运会，谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式；后半部分为which引导的非限制情定语从句，其谓语动词要用单数形式。5.解析：选C. there be句型中be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语，a lot of rubbish(不可数名词)，因此后面谓语动词要用单数。6. 解析：选A. 主语为coal, 是不可数名词。根据题意，此处要用被动语态。7. 解析：选A. 主语Stories of the Long March 是书名，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。8. 解析：选C. 此处mathematics 为学科名词，作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。9. 解析：选B. both-and-连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。10.解析：选C. either 是主语部分的中心词，助动词要与either要数上保持一致。11.解析：选B. what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据后面的名词的数来决定，此处要用非第三人称单数形式。12.解析：选A. 此处指：家里的各个成员，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。13. 解析：选A. 此处nothing句子的主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。14. 解析：选A. 此句为倒装句，句子的主语是a soldier and two young people.15. 解析：选B. 此处主语law and order 指的是同一个概念，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式.16. 解析：选D. 此处there be结构中的主语little change是不可数名词。17. 解析：选C. 本句是主语从句，缺谓语，所以要用第三人称单数形式。18. 解析：选A. 本句缺谓语，主语percent后面是不可数名词，所以要用第三人称单数形式。19. 解析：选B. 本句的表语 是复数形式，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形。20.解析：选C. 根据 就近一致性原则，谓语用am.21. 解析：选B. 本句的主语是书名，从整体考虑，谓语是第三人称单数形。22. 解析：选B. 用and连接两个并列主语时，谓语用非第三人称单数形.23.解析：选B. 本句主语是同一个人，谓语用第三人称单数形式。24.解析：选B. 本句主语是tons, 是复数形式，rot是不及物动词，不可用被动形式。25.解析：选A. 本句主语Mayor是单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式。26. 解析：选B.主语many a student 意思是复数，形式是单数。谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。27. 解析：选D. 主语works 是集合名词，当成整体考虑，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。 Long ago 表示过去.28. 解析：选C. 因为问句是完成时态，答句要用完成时态回答，另外主语不可用nobody of us.29.解析：选A. 主语a group of 在本句中表示具体每个人。30. 解析：选C. 本句主语是不定代词everyone，为单数主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。