探析铁路运输安全的现状及对策.doc

探析铁路运输安全的现状及对策

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个人收集整理 勿做商业用途
探析铁路运输安全的现状及对策
　　论文关键词:铁路运输　安全　对策

Paper keywords： railway transportation safety countermeasures

　　论文摘要:铁路运输安全所包含的内容较为复杂，包括旅客以及所携带的行李包裹的运输安全、货物运输安全、行车安全、道口安全,也就是整个运输生产过程和所有运输对象的安全。

Abstract: railway transportation security contains content is relatively complex, including baggage carried by passengers and parcel transport security, transport of goods safety， road safety, safety, or the safety of the transportation process and all objects.

　　前言

preface

　　 在市场经济体制下，各种服务等都可以被看做商品，而铁路运输作为一种商品，并不生产有形的产品,而只是改变运输对象的空间位置。由于铁路是以独特的列车方式进行运输,旅客和货物依附并伴随着列车运行而共同移动，完成位置的改变。对于铁路运输本身而言，运输安全不仅是运输生产过程的基本要求,而且也是铁路运输产品质量的第一个重要特性。因此,以列车运行的方式对旅客和货物进行位移，是铁路运输生产过程的基本特点。同样，列车运行安全,即行车安全，也就成为铁路运输安全最重要、最核心的部分，所有旅客运输安全、行李包裹运输安全以及货物运输安全在很大程度上都取决于行车安全。旅客和货物在全部运输过程中，除了由于不可抗拒的天灾和由于旅客本身的机能或货物本身的性质而无法防止的以外,铁路必须保证不使旅客造成心理和生理机能的损伤，保证不改变货物的物理性质。在运输过程中发生的人员伤亡、货物破损、设备破坏等任何事故,都必然在造成生命财产损失的同时，降低铁路运输在公众中的信誉和在运输市场上的竞争能力。

Under the market economy system， various services can be viewed as commodities， and rail transport as a commodity， do not produce tangible products， but just change the transportation object’s space position. Because of railway is a unique way to train for transportation, passenger and cargo attachment and move together with train running， complete location change. For rail transport， transportation security is not only the basic requirement of the production process, but also the first important characteristic of railway transportation product quality。 Therefore, by way of train operation to displacement of passengers and goods, is the basic characteristics of railway transportation production process. Similarly, train operation safety， road safety, has become the most important railway transportation safety, the core part， all passenger transportation security, luggage parcel transport security and transport of goods safety to a great extent， depends on driving safety. All in passenger and cargo transport process， in addition to because of the irresistible natural disasters and due to the tourists themselves function or the nature of the goods itself， and can’t prevent， railway must make the pledge that we shall not make passenger psychological and physiological function of the damage, ensure that don't change the physical properties of the goods。 Casualties happened in transit, cargo damage， equipment damage, etc. Any accident， is inevitable in the loss of life and property at the same time, reduce the credibility in the railway transportation in the public and in the transport market competition ability. 文档为个人收集整理,来源于网络本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途

　　一、铁路运输安全的现状

A, the present situation of the railway transport safety

　　1 缺乏路外事故监管

1 the lack of road accident outside supervision

　　一般来说，铁路部门对路外伤亡事故的监管缺乏科学性,严格细致措施不够.由于历史原因，还存在一些铁路沿线穿越生活区的情况，而且这些铁路眼线没有设立安全防御设施,而且在一定时期内，这些问题的解决的时效性也比较差。但相关法规的立法调研已基本结束，这也将有助于减少铁路道口和路外伤亡事故的发生。

Generally, the railway departments outside the right casualty supervision lack of scientific， strict and detailed measures are not enough。 Due to historical reasons， there are still some along the railway through the living quarters, and the railway line does not have a security defense facilities, and in a certain period， the effectiveness of the solution of these problems is more bad。 Legislative investigation has basically ended, but the related laws and regulations that will also help reduce railway crossing and road deaths and injuries from happening. 个人收集整理，勿做商业用途本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途

　　2 欠缺惩罚欠缺力度

2 lack of punishment lack of strength

　　 由于法律对危害铁道安全行为制裁力度的不足，虽然这种行为潜藏着对铁路公共交通设施的巨大危害，甚至有些地区形成了针对铁路设施的犯罪产业链而且按照现行的法律，公安机关在处理盗窃设施犯罪时，对屡犯者没有什么特别有效的制裁手段，法院在审理盗窃铁路设施的案件中，应考虑犯罪嫌疑人对铁路设施造成的危害后果，应以危害程度决定刑罚，而不是盗窃物数量，从刑罚上震慑铤而走险者。

Due to the lack of legal sanctions to endanger the safety of railway behavior, although this kind of behavior lurk in railway public transportation great harm, and even formed the industrial chain of rail infrastructure crime in some areas, and under the current law, the public security organs, when dealing with crime theft facilities for recidivism no special effective sanctions， court the court hears a case， stealing rail infrastructure should be considered a criminal suspect the damage of rail infrastructure consequences， should with damage penalty decision， rather than the number of theft, deter desperate from the punishment. 文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络文档为个人收集整理,来源于网络

　　 3 创建平安铁路困难

3 create safe railway

　　到近年来，危及行车安全的案件时有发生,惯性治安问题没有得到根治，个别路段安全防范基础薄弱，存在治安隐患，而相关主管问题对示范路段创建的重要性认识还不到位，没有真正纳入平安创建和治安综合治理的整体工作之中，对示范路段人力以及相关的资源投入不够，部署要求太笼统,缺乏检查指导，尤其是在当地社会治安综合治理和平安建设中，没能发挥好应有的作用,同时，对如何建立长效机制研究和探讨不够.不知道应怎样防止铁路治安重点区段发生反复、护路联防工作如何更加深入地扎根群众等。

To in recent years, endanger the safety of driving cases have occurred, inertial security problem has not been cured， individual road safety foundation is weak, there are security hidden danger， but to demonstrate the importance of sections to create relevant competent understanding also does not reach the designated position， not really into the create peace and the overall work of public security comprehensive administration， the demonstration section of human and other resources is not enough， the deployment request is too general, lack of inspection instruction， especially in the construction of local public security comprehensive administration and peace， didn’t play a good role, at the same time， the research on how to build a long—term mechanism, and discussed enough. Don't know how should prevent the railway public security key section repeatedly， road work zone are more deeply rooted the masses and so on。 个人收集整理,勿做商业用途本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途

　　二、确保铁路运输安全的对策

2， ensure the safety of railway transportation strategy

　　 作为现代化运输方式之一,铁路运输在世界许多国家中，对于国民经济发展和满足人民生活需要起着重要而积极的作用。它联接城市，深入乡村，密切联系着亿万旅客和货主，不仅对于社会经济生活,而且对于人民群众的生命、财产都具有最广泛、最直接、最迅速的影响。当某一干线铁路发生运输堵塞、中断，或当某一次旅客列车发生列车冲突、脱轨事故时,必然直接妨碍千百个企业的生产或引起千家万户的焦虑。正因为如此，铁路运输安全对于整个社会生活是具有重要意义和重大影响的。 铁路运输安全的状况反映了铁路运输的设备质量、管理水平、人员素质以及社会秩序的状况。世界各国铁路企业和政府当局历来都十分重视铁路运输安全,把防止铁路运输事故放在重要位置，并为此而进行持久不懈的努力。各国铁路和政府通过改善技术设备、加强管理和健全法制三个途径来不断改善铁路运输安全状况.

As one of modern mode of transportation, railway transportation， in many countries of the world, for national economic development and meet the needs of the people’s life plays an important and positive role. It joins city， in—depth country， close contact with hundreds of millions of passengers and cargo， not only for social and economic life， but also for the people's life and property is the most widely， the most direct, the most rapidly. When a trunk railway transportation congestion, interrupt occurs， or when a passenger train conflict， train derailment accident occurs, will directly interfere with hundreds of companies， production or cause thousands of anxiety。 Because of this， the railway transportation safety for the entire social life is of great significance and great influence. Railway transportation safety situation reflects the quality of railway transportation equipment， management level, personnel quality and the status of the social order. Railway enterprise and government authorities around the world have attached great importance to safety of railway transportation, to prevent railway accidents in important position， and persistent efforts for it. National railway and government by improving the technology and equipment， strengthening management and improving the legal system three ways to improve the railway transport safety。 个人收集整理，勿做商业用途文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络

1 有效改善技术设备

1 improve technical equipment

　　 改善技术设备是保证运输安全的重要物质基础。线路、车站、通信信号以及机车车辆的破损、故障和性能不良是发生运输事故,首先是行车事故的重要原因。线路上钢轨的损伤、信号的故障以及机车车辆的车钩、车轴、转向架、制动装置的破损往往导致严重的事故。随着科学技术进步，必须不断提高各种技术设备的性能、强度和可靠性，并努力采用设备故障防护报警和自动检测、自动控制、远程控制等先进手段,切实保证运输安全。

Improve the technology and equipment is important material base to ensure transportation safety. Line, station， communication signals, and locomotive vehicles transportation accident damage， failure and poor performance is, first of all, is the important reason for the traffic accident. Line on the rail damage， fault signal， and the coupler， the axle of the locomotive vehicles， bogie, the breakage of the brake often result in serious accidents. Along with the progress of science and technology， must constantly improve various properties, strength and reliability of the technology and equipment, and strive to use protective equipment failure alarm and automatic detection， automatic control， remote control and other advanced means, to ensure transportation security。 文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络个人收集整理,勿做商业用途

　　2 努力健全安全法制

2 to improve the safe rule of law

　　 健全铁路安全的法制是增强运输安全的重要保证.制定和实施有关铁路运输安全的法规、法令，有助于使保证铁路运输安全成为各级政府、铁路企业、各有关行业以及广大社会公众共同承担的义务。目前世界各国，有的在一般法律中列入有关铁路安全的条款，有的制定关于铁路安全的专门法律，如铁路安全法以及其它关于保安设备、特种运输的安全法规等。

Sound of railway safety law system is to enhance transportation safety an important guarantee。 Formulation and implementation of railway transport safety rules and regulations， decrees， and help to make guarantee railway transport safety at all levels of government， railway enterprises, the relevant industry and the general public obligations. Now countries around the world, some of them in the general law on about rail safety provisions， formulate special laws about rail safety, such as the railway safety law and other laws and regulations about the safety of security equipment， special transportation and so on。 本文为互联网收集,请勿用作商业用途文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络

　　3 完善安全监察体制

3 safety supervision system consummation

　　 为了保证国家有关铁路安全法规的贯彻执行，加强铁路运输安全的监督管理，铁路安全监督机构主要应做好以下几方面工作，对新建和改建的土建、信号及电气化等工程项目进行检查,为部长依法批准使用作好准备；对上报事故进行调查，编写铁路事故报告以备公开发表；向国务大臣提供有关铁路事宜的技术咨询意见.铁路安全监察机构代表政府依据法律执行任务，能够对铁路的安全运输实行有力的监督；在部内设立安全总监察室，根据部令和铁路有关规程进行工作，代表部长检查、监察铁路的安全工作调查处理事故，帮助贯彻安全规章制度，并具体帮助各级单位研究采取防止事故的有效措施,以确保运输安全.

In order to guarantee the implementation of relevant national railway safety regulation, strengthen the supervision and management of the safety of railway transportation， the railway safety supervision agencies should do a good job in the following several aspects mainly for building and rebuilding of civil engineering， signal and electrification engineering project for inspection, to prepare for minister approved according to law; To report the accident investigation， accident report for publication； write railway Provided to the secretary of state for railway technical advice. Railway safety supervision agencies perform tasks on behalf of the government according to law， exercise powerful supervision to the safety of railway transportation； Set up safety always JianChaShi in department, according to the related disciplines possessed and railway work, on behalf of the secretary of inspection and monitoring of railway safety work in investigation and handling of accidents, to help implement the safety rules and regulations， and specific help research unit at all levels shall take effective accident prevention measures, to ensure the transportation safety. 个人收集整理，勿做商业用途文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络

　　4 切实加强运输管理

Strengthen the management of transportation

　　 加强运输管理是保证铁路运输安全的基本环节,大多数的事故都是由于违反规章制度、违反劳动纪律以及职工技术业务素质不良而引起,因此必须反复不断地健全规章制度，严格劳动纪律、并加强技术业务培训。许多国家铁路还为此而制定安全奖惩办法，开展安全月、安全周和各种形式的安全竞赛活动。

To strengthen transportation management is to ensure that the basic link of railway transportation safety， most of the accidents are due to the violation of rules and regulations, in violation of labor discipline and professional quality caused by bad worker technology, must be repeated continuously perfecting rules and regulations， labor discipline strictly， and strengthen technical business training. Many national railway also for safety rewards and punishments measures, to carry out the safety month, safety week and various forms of safety competition activity. 本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途

　　结语

conclusion

　　 铁路运输的安全状况反映铁路的管理水平、设备质量、人员素质和社会秩序的状况，是铁路运输质量的重要表现。铁路运输安全直接关系到广大人民群众的生命财产安全，这就需要相关的管理单位采取有效地措施，为铁路运输安全做出应有的贡献.

Railway transportation safety situation reflects the management level of railway, the condition of equipment quality, staff quality and the social order， is an important performance of railway transportation quality. Railway transportation safety is directly related to the people’s life and property safety, which requires relevant management unit take effectively measures to make due contribution to railway transport safety。