(新高考)2021届高三英语下学期预演押题卷(6)(含解析).doc

新高考）2021届高三英语下学期预演押题卷（6）（含解析）

（新高考）2021届高三英语下学期预演押题卷（6）（含解析）

年级：
姓名：

19

（新高考）2021届高三英语下学期预演押题卷（6）（含解析）
本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
North American Train Routes for a Family Vacation
    The Adirondack
    Considered one of the top ten scenic train rides in the world, the Adirondack train route travels from New York City's Penn Station to Montreal, Canada. The 10-hour trip is great for a weekend away in either Montreal or Manhattan. The route will take you past West Point Academy, the Hudson River Valley and fifty miles of Lake Champlain.
    The Vermonter
    The almost 14-hour trip from Washington, D. C. to St. Albans, Vermont takes you from the U.S. capital, through the beautiful New England states of Connecticut and Massachusetts on the way to Vermont. As you travel through New England towns, you'll be able to see some of the most beautiful scenery in this area, including rivers, falls and covered bridges.
    The Downeaster
    The Downeaster was established in 2001 and was expanded several years ago northward to Freeport and Brunswick, Maine. The short ride (between three and four hours) includes a trip along the beautiful Maine coastline. With five round-trips offered daily, it's a great way for Massachusetts families to visit Maine for a day or longer. Many of these routes carry volunteers to aid passengers with questions about local attractions and destinations.
    The Pennsylvanian
    Both New York City and Pittsburgh are great family vacation destinations and the Pennsylvanian route takes you through the beautiful Pennsylvanian landscape between the two major cities. The 9.5-half hour trip travels through a variety of different terrains(地形), and stops along the way including Newark, Philadelphia, Harrisburg and Altoona. The connecting train service is available for those looking to travel to Cleveland, Chicago, and Toledo from Pittsburgh.
1. Which train route offers the best choice for a one-day sightseeing?
A. The Adirondack. B. The Vermonter.
C. The Downeaster. D. The Pennsylvanian.
2. Where is St. Albans?
A. In Vermont.
B. In Washington, D. C.
C. Between Connecticut and Massachusetts.
D. Between Washington, D. C. and Massachusetts.
3. How can you go to Chicago from New York City by train?
A. By taking a train at Penn Station to Montreal.
B. By taking a connecting train at Pittsburgh.
C. By traveling to Cleveland and then to Chicago.
D. By traveling through New England states to Chicago.
B
    The ear is made up of three different sections that work together to collect sounds and send them to the brain: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.
    The outer ear is made up of the pinna and the ear canal. The pinna is the part of the ear you see on the side of your head. Its main job is to gather sounds and funnel them to the ear canal, which is the pathway that leads to the middle ear Glands(腺) in the skin lining the ear canal produce earwax(耳垢), which protects the canal by cleaning out dirt and helping to prevent infections.
    The middle ear is an air-filled hole that turns sound waves into vibrations and delivers them to the inner ear. The middle ear is separated from the outer ear by the eardrum(鼓膜), a thin piece of tissue stretched tight across the ear canal. Sounds hit the eardrum, causing it to move.
    The vibrations from the middle ear change into nerve signals in the inner ear. The inner ear includes the cochlea(耳蜗) and the semicircular canals. The snail-shaped cochlea changes the vibrations from the middle ear into nerve signals. These signals travel to the brain along the cochlear nerve, also known as the hearing nerve.
    Teach kids to protect their hearing by paying attention to the noise levels they're exposed to. Have them turn down the volume on video games, TVs, and, especially, portable music players. Make sure they take hearing protection (like earplugs or protective headphones) when they'll be around loud noises (at a concert, car race, etc.).
    If your child has any trouble with hearing, turn to your doctor. Treating hearing loss early can limit the damage.
4. What's the usage of the ear canal?
A. To serve as a bridge.
B. To produce earwax in the ear.
C. To prevent infections.
D. To gather and funnel sounds.
5. Which part is between the outer ear and the middle ear?
A. The ear canal. B. The eardrum.
C. The inner ear. D. The cochlea.
6. What's the author's advice to the child with hearing impairment?
A. Consult the doctor.
B. Take hearing protection.
C. Clean ears regularly.
D. Turn down the volume.
7. Who is the passage written for?
A. The scientists. B. The parents.
C. The teachers. D. The kids.
C
    A recent article published by the science journal Nature Neuroscience says that excessive (过度的) light exposure at night leads to symptoms of depression in mice.
    Health experts have long suggested that exposure to light during nighttime may lead to depression in humans, but now Chinese scientists have verified that this happens to mice.
    Scientists from the University of Science and Technology of China, based in Hefei, Anhui Province, found that the effect was partly controlled by a neural pathway that carries signals from the eyes to a specific region of brain. Blocking the pathway could prevent the effect, the paper said.
    In their experiments, the scientists exposed dozens of mice to blue light from 9 p. m. to 11 p.m. Blue light was chosen because neurons are most sensitive to it, according to An Kai, the lead author of the paper, which was published in the science journal  Nature Neuroscience.
    "To our surprise, the effect was very obvious in mice," said An. "The exposure resulted in more than 70 percent of the subject mice exhibiting depressive symptoms, which was shown by two classical tests."
    The mice exhibited decreased mobility in the forced swimming test and decreased preference in the sugar preference test.
    An said researchers finally hope to verify the mechanism in humans, but further experiments are required.
    Mice are more active at night than in the daytime, which is contrary to humans.
    "For the next stage of research, we will move on to other animals whose biological rhythms are closer to humans, An said.
    Exposure to excessive light at nighttime, either from lights or the use of electronic devices such as mobile phones or personal computers before bedtime, has been associated with a greater risk of depression, the paper noted.
8.What has the research found?
A.Humans are depressed when they're exposed to light at night.
B.Much exposure to light at night makes mice depressed.
C.Mice are more sensitive to light at night than humans.
D.It's harmful to be exposed to blue light at night.
9.What does the underlined word "verified" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Proved. B.Hoped. C.Remembered. D.Guessed.
10.Which of the following was a result caused by the exposure to blue light at night?
A.The mobility of the mice in swimming improved.
B.The mice became more sensitive to blue light.
C.The mice showed less interest in sugar.
D.The mice no longer liked swimming.
11.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.It's less harmful to be exposed to light from the sky.
B.We should never use personal computers before bedtime.
C.It's necessary not to use mobile phones too much at night.
D.Depression can be avoided if we don't use electronic devices at night.
D
    The moon may hold water in more places and in larger amounts than scientists have suggested in the past. The finding is based on two studies published in Nature Astronomy — that examined new data from the U. S. space agency NASA.
    Until about 10 years ago, scientists believed the moon was mostly dry. Then, a series of findings provided evidence that water ice was widespread in small amounts on parts of the moon. The ice was thought to be in areas permanently blocked from sunlight.
    But in one of the new studies, NASA said it was able to validate the presence of water molecules(分子) on sunlit parts of the lunar surface. The space agency says the identification came from data collected by its SOFIA airborne observatory equipped with a powerful telescope. The research was led by Casey Honniball of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland. Scientists have suggested the source of the water may have been comets(彗星), asteroids(小行星), solar wind or interplanetary dust. The new research provides evidence that the water may be surviving on sunlit lunar surfaces because it is attached to minerals.
    The second study centered on so-called "cold traps" on the moon. These are areas of the lunar surface that exist in a state of permanent darkness where temperatures are below about minus 160 degrees Celsius. Scientists say temperatures this cold can hold frozen water for billions of years.
    Planetary scientist Paul Hayne of the University of Colorado Boulder led the research on cold traps. He said likely "tens of billions" of traps. Hayne's team says the new research suggests more than 40,000 square kilometres of the moon's surface may have the ability to trap water in the form of ice. That figure is 20 percent bigger than predicted in the past, Hayne said.
    Jacob Bleacher is the chief exploration scientist for NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate. He told reporters the agency believes it is very important to find out more about where the water comes from and how accessible it is.
12. Which word can replace the underlined word "validate" in paragraph 3?
A. Confirm. B. Deny. C. Observe. D. Control.
13. What can we learn about cold traps?
A. They exist for a relatively short time.
B. There's much moving water there.
C. They are on the sunlit part of the lunar surface.
D. The temperature is extremely low there.
14. What may the future research focus on?
A. How cold traps take shape.
B. How to make use of the water.
C. How water is attached to minerals.
D. How much water is on the lunar surface.
15. What does the author intend to tell in the text?
A. Water is found to exist on the moon.
B. Moon holds more water than expected.
C. Scientists found cold traps on the lunar surface.
D. NASA's exploration of the moon is under way.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
    We've long been taught that helping others helps ourselves. As Charles Dickens wrote, "No one is useless in this world who lightens the burdens of another."
    Science has shown that unselfish behaviors actually do improve our health. 16_____ It can reduce the risk for cognitive impairment(认知障碍). It can even help us live longer.
    17_____ A 2017 study found pain sufferers who volunteered reported decreased pain along with an improved sense of purpose. A new series of studies may have found one reason. Regions of the brain that react to painful stimulation seem to instantly disappear by the experience of giving
    In another study, the researchers employed cancer patients living with pain and asked them to cook and clean for themselves or for the benefit of others at their treatment center. 18_____ When they did the work for their own personal benefit, the pain-relieving effect was reduced by over 62%.
    In addition, the study found it was the meaning people gave to their good deeds that predicted how much pain the brain would perceive. Researchers believe the medicine should consider using unselfish "supplement therapies(补充疗法)" to treat pain. 19_____ The act of giving produces a reduced sense of pain combined with feel-good chemicals—it seems our brains reward us for helping others even when we're not expecting anything in return. 20_____
A.It is true for volunteers.
B.Helping others helps ourselves.
C.However, more research is needed about the idea.
D.It also appears that giving can help us cope with pain.
E.When they were helping others, their pain levels dropped.
F.Volunteering, for example, has been shown to reduce stress and improve depression.
G.Sounds like a great reason to put volunteering and other giving behavior on your to-do list.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
    I graduated with a degree in Biology three years ago. Since then, I have   21   in Science Education in high school. I see science as something linked to the   22   life.
    Science is not just a study or work in   23   that only a limited number of people do.   24   , it is related to our lives, something that everyone can   25  . There is science everywhere. We should be interested and try to keep a close relationship with it, so we are able to have a good   26   of what is happening around us. The most important issues discussed today are in   27   with science. We can think about food, climate, energy and many other things.
    We don't need to become   28   to learn about science. We just need to stop   29   science as something difficult and   30   and start thinking of it as part of our own lives. When it comes to science, I   31   think about school. I'm always concerned about how to bring science to   32   I expect students could be more   33   about science if they could see it this way.
    For everyone, basic knowledge of science   34   because it makes life easier, and it gives  35   to all we wonder related to life. It gives wings to our imagination and opens doors to the world.
21. A. specialized     B. succeeded     C. shared     D. settled
22. A. private     B. daily     C. special     D. professional
23. A. classrooms     B. studios     C. libraries     D. laboratories
24. A. Instead     B. However     C. Therefore     D. Somehow
25. A. put away     B. take up     C. carry out     D. participate in
26. A. forecast     B. chance     C. understanding     D. impression
27. A. company     B. cooperation     C. connection     D. comparison
28. A. teachers     B. scientists     C. leaders     D. biologists
29. A. recognizing     B. regarding     C. recommending     D. reporting
30. A. strict     B. serious     C. advanced     D. distant
31. A. occasionally     B. hardly     C. instantly     D. gradually
32. A. careers     B. classes     C. sections     D. topics
33. A. particular     B. positive     C. pleased     D. curious
34. A. expands     B. matches     C. counts     D. varies
35. A. answers     B. attention     C. services     D. support
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    A growing number of young Chinese people are looking to the past for fashion suggestions. If you look 36_____ (close) around your city, you might spot Hanfu, the traditional clothing of the Han ethnic group. In a report published recently, more than 2 million Hanfu outfits 37_____ (sell) in 2018 online. The number of buyers increased by 92 percent 38___