牛津初三英语上册考试知识点归纳.doc

雍景校区 初中英语老师 万智华 在备考中遇到的问题1、 如何缩小考试范围单词量（成绩基础差的，短期内提高阅读能力）2、 对于成绩超级好的如何复习，基本没什么问题了初三：Unit 1 Body language 动名词 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。动名词加相关词语(宾语或状语等)构成动名词短语。 动名词可以作主语。一般可用it作形式主语而将动名词短语后移。如：Learning English all by yourself is not so easy.(自学好英语不那么容易)(=It is not so easy learning English all by yourself.) 动名词可以作宾语。A want / need之后用动名词时,含有被动意思。如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的车急需修理。)(被修)My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理)B remember / forge / stop / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。如：I forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写) / I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了) / They stopped to look back.(他们停下来向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) / They stopped looking back.(他们停止向后看)(不向后看了)C enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go等词一般用动名词作宾语。如：Do you mind my closing the door?(把门关上你介意吗？)/ She hates travelling by air.(她讨厌坐飞机旅行)/ They went swimming every afternoon.(他们每天下午去游泳)/ I enjoy walking around the town.(我喜欢在镇上转悠)D like / love / start / begin / learn后面用动名词时,与用不定式意思相近或相同。如：We began to study English when we were at primary school.(我们在小学时就开始学英语了) / We began studying English when we were at primary school. (我们在小学时就开始学英语了) 动名词可以作表语,此时特别注意不要与现在进行时混淆。如：My job is putting these parts together.(我的事情是把这些部件拼起来) / I am putting these parts together.(我正在把这些部件拼起来) 动名词与现在分词构成相同,但是含义不同,动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主要表示进行着的动作。如：Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短语,作主语) / Seeing is believing.(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语) / He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(现在分词,作定语) / His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(现在分词,作宾补)(4)分词： 包含现在分词和过去分词。(高中学习重点) 主要区别：现在分词一般有主动的意思或表示动作正在进行的意思；过去分词有被动或动 作已经完成的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。 分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等。A 作定语：分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放在所修饰的名词之后。 如：I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕) / The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly,“Stop the thief!”(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊：捉小偷！) / Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人)/ He only gave me a broken glass,so I was very angry with him.(他只给了我一个坏玻璃杯,所以我很生他的气)B 现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。(参考不定式作宾语补足语)谓语动词(vt.)宾语宾语补足语keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(听到) / watch(注意到) / feel(感觉到)sb./sth.(do)ing 如：Mum kept me working all the week.(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作)/ When I entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子)/ In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的东西在我的脚上移动)C 现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。如：She came into the classroom,holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸)/ I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试)D 过去分词可以作表语,放在连系动词后面,但要注意不要与被动语态混淆,“主系表”主要表示状态,而被动语态则表示动作。常用过去分词作表语的结构有：be worried (焦虑) / be pleased (高兴) / be tired (疲劳) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / beome frustrated (沮丧) / become intereted in (对感兴趣)等等。例略。 E 过去分词可以作宾语补足语。如：I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我让人给我理了发)(注意：have sth. done表示动作由别人来做,而have done sth.则为现在完成时的结构,两个结构不可以混淆) 不定式 1、 及物动词+疑问词+不定式： 谓语动词(vt.)+wh-疑问词+不定式 (作宾语)说明tell (告诉) / show (显示) / know (知道) / ask (问) / find out (发现) / understand (明白) / wonder(疑惑) / learn(学会) / forget(忘记) / remember(记得) / teach sb.(教某人) / discuss(商讨)what where+ how + to (do)whowhich不定式疑问形式还可以作句子的主语、表语等。 如：He does not know which one to take.(他不知道该选哪个)/ Tell me how to get to the station.(告诉我怎么样去火车站)/ She asked me what to do for todays homework.(她问我今天家庭作业做什么)/ Can you teach me how to search the internet?(你能教我怎样上网吗？) 2、不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用it代替作形式宾语,而不定式则后置。如： I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易) 词组 1、prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 2、remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事 3、consider doing sth 考虑做某事 4、notice sb doing sth 注意某人正在做某事 5、be always doing sth 总是做某事 6、spend timemoney on sth in doing sth 花费时间、金钱做某事 7、prepare to do sth 准备做某事 高频词组 知识点1、高频考点词与词组讲解 1、avoid 回避 避开 后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语 例句：He avoided me as much as possible. 中考链接 Kate avoided _ my questions. A.answer B.to answer C.answering D.answered 考点：_ 2、spend 花费 常用于spend timemoney on sth 或spend timemoney (in)doing sth 例句：He spent much time on his homework. 中考链接I_ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team. A.spend B.cost C.take D.pay 考点：_ 3、forget 忘记 常见的有forget to do sth,意为“忘记做某事”forget doing sth意为“忘记做过某事” 例句：Dont forget to turn off the light when you leave the room. 中考链接He forgot _ his mother up, A.ring B.to bring C.bringing 类似的动词有哪些呢？_ 4、depend on 随.而定,依赖 例句：It depends on the weather. 中考链接 Tom couldnt work so he had to _ his family 考点：_ 5、mind 介意 后接动名词、代词或动名词 例句：Would you mind opening the window? 中考链接I mind _ because I dont like singing. A.sing B.to sing C.singing 拓展：当mind的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时候，句中的动名词前应加物主代词，人称代词或名词所有格表示其逻辑主语。 例句：Im sure she wouldnt mind your going with us. 6、likely 可能的，适合的，可作定语或表语，用作表语时，可接to的动词不定式或that从句。 例句：Im likely to be free this afternoon.中考链接It _ to rain tomorrow. A. is likely to B.was likely to C.will be likely to Unit 2 Hair care It is adj of/for sb to do sth 这个知识点较容易 会考 itis+adj+forsb和itis+adj+ofsb含义及区别一.导入:详见例子Itiskindofyoutohelpme.你能帮我太好了.（kind的是you）Itisbeneficialforyoutodosports.运动对你有益.（beneficial的是dosports）二.表达含义:1.itis+adj+forsb.就是“做对某人(forsb)来说怎么样(adj)”2.itis+adj+ofsb.就是“做说某人(ofsb)怎么样(adj)”三.辨析:itis+adj+forsb和itis+adj+ofsb.“Its+adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”一般用表示人物的性格,品德.表示主观感情或态度的形容词.若形容词是描述逻辑主语(行为者)的性格、品质特征的形容词.这个adj.是用来形容sb.的.of后的宾语能与前面的形容词构成主表关系.这类形容词有:good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),right(正直的)careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)bad,brave,cruel,honest,naughty,wise,rude等.用ofsb.例如:Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.(=Youareverykindtohelpme.)你能帮助我,真好.Itsverykindofyoutolookaftermycat.你能照看我的猫,真好.Itskindofyoutosayso.(=Youarekindtosayso)Itsveryrudeofhertosaysuchwords.(=Sheisveryrudetosaysuchwords.)她说这样的话,真粗鲁.Itsfoolishofhimtogoalone.(=Heisfoolishtogoalone.)他单独出去太傻了.Itsveryniceofyoutohelpme.你来帮助我,你真是太好了.“Its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词.若形容词仅仅是描述事物,不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价,用forsb.这类形容词有:important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的),right(正确的)likely(可能的)等.用forsb,例如:Itsimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatsheshouldcometotheparty.对她来说来参加聚会很重要.Itsverydangerousforchildrentocrossthebusystreet.对孩子们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很危险.Itsdifficultforustofinishthework.对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难. 词组 1、need to do sth 需要做某事 2、suggest doing sth 建议做某事 3、stop sb from doing sth 阻止某热做某事 4、offer to do sth (主动）提出做某事 5、Be afraid to do sth 不敢做某事 Be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 6、insist doing sth 坚持做某事 Unit 3 Health and food 疑问词引导的宾语从句和形容词后的宾语从句 教材典句1. Do you know where I can buy some meatless sausages?2. People are thinking about how they can eat more healthily.3. Do you know how long a person can live without food?4. Im glad you enjoyed the meal.5. Debbie was sure Simon would like to have a salad instead of meat. 划出宾语从句，总结特点宾语从句：1、疑问词引导的宾语从句 英语中的连接代词有who，whom,whose,which和what.这些词在宾语从句中担当一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，链接代词在从句中担当的句子成分有主语，宾语，定语和表语.I dont know who will give us a talk.Please tell me what you have done.He asked whose jacket it was.I dont know whose that is.英语中的连接副词有when,where,why和how.它们和上述链接代词一样，在从句中担当一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，连接副词在从句当中担当的句子成分主要为状语.Do you know when theyll be back?I want to know where she lives? 2、形容词后的宾语从句某些形容词后面可以带有宾语从句，常用于描述感受、感想和看法.如宾语从句用that引导，that可省略.常带有宾语从句的形容词有：afraid,happy,sorry,proud,surprised,sure,certain等 Im glad (that) you liked the present. Peter is excited (that) he will go to Joans birthday party. Tom was sad (that) his dog was lost. 词组 1、ought to do sth 应该做某事 2、warn sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 3、be likely to do sth 可能做某事 4、used to do sth 过去常常做某事 Unit 4 What should I do? 反意疑问句 【反义疑问句】（一）概念：反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。 （二）要点注意：1、反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是：“肯定陈述否定疑问”或“否定陈述肯定疑问”。2、简略问句如果是否定式：not应与be，do，will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写。3、简略问句的主语不用名词，应用人称代词。4、陈述部分含“too.to”时，是否定句。（三）用法：1) 陈述部分I am时，疑问部分要用 arent I. Im as tall as your sister，arent I?（我和你姐姐一样高，对吗？）2) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。如： The old man made no answer, did he? Jim is never late for school, is he?3) 陈述部分有情态动词have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语）。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we? used to，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。 He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he? had better（最好） + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you? Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?4) 陈述部分有would rather（宁可、宁愿） +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?5 陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。 Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?6) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。 Everything is ready, isnt it? 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he. Everyone knows the answer, dont they? (doesnt he?) Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)7) think引导的宾语从句：A.主语是第一人称 I dont think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, cant she? B. 如果主语不是第一人称则疑问部分与主句相对应构成反意疑问句 He thought they were wrong, didnt he? （不能说werent they?）8) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。 Dont do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / wont you? Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we（或用shant we) ?而Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you（或wont you）? Lets go and listen to the music, shall we（或用shant we)? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you （或wont you）?9) 陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用there。 There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there? There will not be any trouble, will there?10) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。 It is impossible, isnt it? He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 词组 1、by accident 偶然，意外地 2、get into bad habits 染上恶习 3、make an effort to do sth 试图做某事 4、be to blame for 对（坏事） 负有责任 5、look out for 堤防 小心 Unit 5 Going to the theatre It be 形容词 that 从句 It be形容词that从句 that引导的是一个主语从句，为了避免句子看起来“头重脚轻”，从而能用it做形式主语。真正的主语从句放在后面，其中that可以省略。 能够用“It be形容词that从句”这一句式的常用形容词有：interesting,possible,strange,important,true,clear,sad,impossible,surprising 我们可以用“It be形容词that从句”来表示对某件事的看法或寻求对某件事的评价。Its strange that Tony doesnt watch TV tonight. 词组 1、feel sorry for somebody 同情 2、in somebodys time 在.时代 3、reach a decision 做出决定 4、keep something in mind 将.记在心中 5、catch somebodys eye 引起某人注意 惹人注目 6、treat.as.把.看作 7、leave something behind 忘记带，丢下 Unit 6 Great minds 名词短语+动词不定式 教材典句 1.A decision to become a scientist 2.A way to turn rubbish into energy 3.Invitations to talk about his ideas 语法全解 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为：to do，即 to+动词原形，此处的to为不定式符号。动词不定式在句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语等多种成分。本单元，我们主要来学习不定式作定语的用法。动词不定式作定语时，常用来修饰名词或代词，放在修饰的名词或代词之后作后置定语。如本单元中的“名词短语+动词不定式”结构就属于此种情况。 1、不定式和它所修饰的词之间有动宾关系 Have you got anything to do this evening ? I have some friends to invite 2、不定式说明它修饰的名词或代词的内容，相当于同位语 I have no chance to go abroad I cant find a way to work out this problem 3、被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 She is always the first to come to school The next thing to do is to keep the machine on for five minutes 注意如果不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的词是不定式动作的时间、工具等，不定式后应有必要的介词。We have a cold room to live in.I have no chair to sit on.中考链接1、 Whenever you have a chance _ English,you should take it. A.speak B.to speak C.spoke D.speaks2、Water Park is a good place _ A.to have fun B.have fun C.having fun D.to have a fun疑问词+动词不定式 教材典句 1、He did not know to answer the question 2、Then he decided what to do 这两个句子都含有“疑问词+动词不定式”结构 “疑问词+动词不定式”结构在句中相当一个名词的作用，常在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 How to stop polluting rivers is a big problem I hardly know what to say before you The question is how to start the work 注意1、know、show后跟和疑问词连用的动词不定式 Could you show me how to operate the computer? 2、动词不定式不能做介词的宾语，此时必须用加疑问词的动词不定式 My teacher gave me lots of valuable advice on how to make friends 中考链接 We dont know _ it next,Lets go and ask Mr Li A.what to do B.to do what C.whether to do D.to do whether 词组 1、know something by heart 记住 2、pay no attention to something 不注意 3、instruct somebody in something 教授某人 . 4、be absorbed in something 专心致志，全神贯注 5、have trouble doing something 做某事有困难 6、make up ones mind 做出决定 Unit 7 Plants 定语从句 【关系代词引导的定语从句】 （一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?