2022版高考英语一轮复习-第2部分-人与社会-主题群4-科学与技术-主题语境2-科技发展与信息技术.doc

2022版高考英语一轮复习 第2部分 人与社会 主题群4 科学与技术 主题语境2 科技发展与信息技术创新科学精神信息安全教案

2022版高考英语一轮复习 第2部分 人与社会 主题群4 科学与技术 主题语境2 科技发展与信息技术创新科学精神信息安全教案

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主题语境(二)　科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全

阅读理解
A　(2020·全国卷Ⅱ·B)
Some parents will buy any high­tech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with math­related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago，found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents' income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child­parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not，on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes，”Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would，and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher­income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了接触智力游戏有助于孩子发展与数学相关的技能，特别是孩子的空间技能。
1．In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?
A．Building confidence.
B．Developing spatial skills.
C．Learning self­control.
D．Gaining high­tech knowledge.
B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Psychologist Susan Levine...found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.” 以及第三段内容可知，孩子们通过玩智力游戏可以培养空间技能。故选B。]
2．What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?
A．Parents' age.
B．Children's imagination.
C．Parents' education.
D．Child­parent relationship.
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition (认知) after controlling for differences in parents' income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.”可知，Levine 在设计实验时，考虑到了父母的收入、教育程度以及与孩子说话的多少。故选C。]
3．How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?
A．They play with puzzles more often.
B．They tend to talk less during the game.
C．They prefer to use more spatial language.
D．They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls...”可知，男孩较女孩而言，倾向于玩更复杂的智力游戏。故选D。]
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．A mathematical method.
B．A scientific study.
C．A woman psychologist.
D．A teaching program.
B　[主旨大意题。阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段“The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.”可知，该篇文章主要介绍的是一项科学研究。故选B。]
B　(2020·天津7月卷·C)
For people who are interested in sound，the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past，sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios，but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.
Sound can be used as a weapon.Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief.The thief tries to escape.And the officer can't let him get away.He pulls out a special device，points it at the suspect，and switches it on.The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD，远程定向声波发射器)．It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person.The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person，but it is not deadly.
For those who hunger for some peace and quiet，sound can now create silence.Let's say you are at the airport，and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming (哼唱) a short commercial song.He hums it over and over again，and you are about to go crazy.Thanks to the Silence Machine，a British invention，you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents.One may wonder how the Silence Machine works.Well，it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves.The two sets of waves cancel each other out.Simply turn the machine on，point it at the target，and your peace and quiet comes back.
Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights (聚光灯) are used in the theater.A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly，a “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in one targeted area.This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers.Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu，allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了声音技术领域的三项发明。
5．What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?

A．It causes temporary hearing loss.
B．It slows down a running man.
C．It makes it easy to identify a suspect.
D．It keeps the suspect from hurting others.
A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person.”可知，远程定向声波发射器会发出一种震耳欲聋的声音，这种声音让人非常痛苦，会使人暂时残疾。由此可知，这种暂时残疾就是暂时性失聪，所以选择A项。]
6．The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to ________.
A．silence the people around you
B．remove the sound of commercials
C．block the incoming sound waves
D．stop unwanted sound from affecting you
D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Well，it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves...and your peace and quiet comes back.”可知，Silence Machine能避免不必要的声音影响你，所以选择D项。]
7．What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share?
A．They travel in circles.
B．They clear the atmosphere.
C．They can be transformed into energy.
D．They can be directed onto a specific area.
D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage；similarly，a ‘spotsound’ creates a circle of sound in one targeted area.”可知，spotsound和spotlight的共同点是它们可以被引导到一个特定的区域，所以选择D项。]
8．Directed sound can be used for ________.
A．creative designs of restaurant menus
B．ideal sound effects on the theater stage
C．different choices of music for businesses
D．strict control over any suspicious customer
C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This can be useful for businesses... Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu，allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.”可知，Directed sound可以用于公司为顾客提供不同的音乐，所以选择C项。]
9．What does the passage focus on?
A．How professionals invented sound products.
B．Inventions in the field of sound technology.
C．The growing interest in the study of sound.
D．How sound engineers work in their studios.
B　[主旨大意题。作者在第一段中抛出话题“声音技术”，并在第二、三、四段中介绍了声音技术领域的三个产品。由此可知，文章主要关注的是声音技术领域的发明，所以选择B项。]
C　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·C)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common，the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e­spaces.At present，these technologies are still expensive，though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low­cost device(装置) that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person. Thus，the keyboard can determine people's identities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology，the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word“touch”four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed，with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive，plastic­like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇科研报道。来自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员发明了一种智能键盘，可以通过分析用户的打字模式来判断该用户是不是安全访客。
10．Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A．To reduce pressure on keys.
B．To improve accuracy in typing.
C．To replace the password system.
D．To cut the cost of e­space protection.
D　[推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low­cost device that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.”以及第一段最后一句“At present，these technologies are still expensive，though.”可推知，研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护技术的成本。]
11．What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A．Computers are much easier to operate.
B．Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C．Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D．Data security measures are guaranteed.
C　[推理判断题。题干问的是“是什么让智能键盘的发明成为可能”，也就是问这一发明的核心依据是什么。根据第二段中的“These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine people's identities...”可知，正是因为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来判断该用户是不是安全访客，故C项符合题意。]
12．What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A．It'll be environment­friendly.
B．It'll reach consumers soon.
C．It'll be made of plastics.
D．It'll help speed up typing.
B　[细节理解题。根据题干“研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望”可直接定位到最后一段的最后一句话“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B项。]
13．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A diary.　　　　 B．A guidebook.
C．A novel. D．A magazine.
D　[文章出处题根据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及第二段中的“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low­cost device...”，尤其是其中的关键词researchers，low­cost device等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。]
D　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·D)
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station，so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem？It's turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just any kids.It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms，like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport，New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years，Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity，and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案)．“We don't give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers，”says Florence Gold，a project manager.
“There are no tests，”Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are no grades，other than ‘Are you working towards your goal？’ Basically，it's ‘I've got to produce this product and then，at the end of the year，present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in­person review，and ...it's not a very nice thing at times.It's a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响)on college admissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I don't teach.”And that annoying bacteria？Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem，readying a workable solution to test in space.
【语篇解读】　主题：人与社会(科学与技术)；话题：处理太空细菌。本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目解决国际空间站中的细菌问题。这类语篇对于启发与培养学生良好的思维品质有积极的引导作用。
14．What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A．They are hard to get rid of.
B．They lead to air pollution.
C．They appear in different forms.
D．They damage the instruments.
A　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station，so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.”可知，来自我们身体的微生物在太空站的表面增长得很快，宇航员每周得花很长时间清理它们，由此断定太空站里的细菌很难清除，故答案为A。]
15．What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?
A．To strengthen teacher­student relationships.
B．To sharpen students' communication skills.
C．To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D．To link space technology with school education.
D　[细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high　school classrooms with NASA engineers.”可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为D。]
16．What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?
A．Check their product.
B．Guide project designs.
C．Adjust work schedules.
D．Grade their homework.
A　[细节理解题。根据第三段的最后两句“Engineers come and really do an in­person review...It's a hard business review of your product.”可知，NASA工程师亲自检查那些高中学生的产品，故答案为A。]
17．What is the best title for the text?
A．NASA：The Home of Astronauts
B．Space：The Final Homework Frontier
C．Nature：An Outdoor Classroom
D．HUNCH：A College Admission Reform
B　[标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生，选项B将其完美地结合了起来，故答案为B。]

Ⅰ.写出所给单词的汉语意思
1．psychologist n．心理学家
2．frequently adv.频繁地
3．professional n．专家；专业人员
4．phenomenon n．现象
5．temporarily adv.临时地
6．atmosphere n．大气；氛围
7．identity n．身份
8．precisely adv.精确地
9．straightforward adj.坦率的
10．overcome v．战胜，克服
11．gravity n．重力
12．project n．工程；项目
13．basically adv.基本上
14．impact n．影响
15．instrument n．工具
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语写出英文单词
1．puzzle v．迷惑 n．谜
2．control v．控制
3．point v．指 n．点
4．deadly adj.致命的
5．upset adj.沮丧 v．使不安
6．stage n．舞台，阶段
7．review n．评论
8．absorb v．吸收
Ⅲ.根据所给提示写出派生单词
1．assess v．评估→assessment n．评估
2．state v．陈述→n. statement 陈述
3．disable v．使失去能力→disability n．残疾，失能
4．direct v．指示，指导→direction n．方向
5．private adj.私人的→privacy n．隐私
6．secure adj.安全的→ security n．安全
7．press v．按，压→pressure n．压力
8．strength n．力量；力气→strengthen v．加强
Ⅳ.根据所给汉语写出惯用习语
1．thanks_to_幸亏，由于
2．at_present目前
3．come_up_with提出
4．apply_to适用于
5．other_than除了
[即时演练]单句语法填空
1．David has a strong body.He has the strength to do this hard work.We had better strengthen(strength) the relationship between us.
2．The mirrors are_controlled (control) by a computer that directs them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.
3．I was upset to_find(find) my wallet missing on arriving at the airport.
4．At present，English is playing a more and more important part in our life.
5．Find out ahead of time what regulations apply to your situation.
6．She makes no reference to any feminist (女权主义者)work other than her own.

Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)
1．The children who played with puzzles performed better than t