高中英语语法复习学案优秀教师片——形容词和副词.doc

高中英语语法复习学案教师片形容词和副词形容词: 修饰名词和代词，在句中可以做定语、表语、补语。副词：修饰形容词、动词、其他副词、介词短语和全句。基本用法(一) 形容词作定语后置的情况：1. 1) There is nobody absent today. 2) Is there anything wrong with your car?【总结】 修饰由 some-; any-; every-; no- 和 body; -thing; -one 构成的复合不定代词2. 1) Please put your idea into the simplest language possible. 2) That is the only solution possible. 3) That is the best book available.【总结】 以 able 或 ible 结尾的形容词置于形容词最高级或only 等词修饰的名词之后3. 1) There was a huge room, simple and beautiful. 2) She has many pencils, blue and red. 3) All nations, big or small, are equal.【总结】成对的形容词可以后置4. 1) People aware of their own shortcomings are wise. 2) The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer.【总结】由 “形容词+ 介词 / 不定式”构成的短语作定语时后置5. 1) There was an ancient tree 30 meters high. 2) They have a child three years old. 3) The soldiers crossed a river 4 miles wide.【总结】当old; high; wide; long; deep 等附有数量词的短语做定语时，表示量度的词后置【题组训练】1. - Is there anything new in todays newspaper? - No, (There is) nothing new. (没有新内容)2. I have something important (一些重要事情) to tell you.3. He did everything possible (可以做的一切事情) to make her happy.4. We have no rooms available (可用的房间) for you.5. People in the village, old and young (老的和少的), men and women are fond of singing and dancing.【补充】1. 形容词作前置定语和后置定语的不同含义1) the responsible man 可信赖的人 2) the present members 现在的成员 the man responsible 应该负责的人 the members present 在场的成员3) the absent students 心不在焉的学生 4) the concerned teachers 忧心忡忡的老师 the students absent 缺席的学生 the teachers concerned 与相关的老师5) the proper way 适当的/正确的方法 6) an involved problem 一个难懂的问题 the way proper 正经的/正式的方法 a problem involved 一个相关的问题2. 固定搭配1) Hes dead / blind drunk (= very drunk). 酩酊大醉2) Hes wide awake. 完全没有睡意3) Its raining / snowing heavily. 雨/雪下得大4) Hes sound / fast asleep. 睡得香5) The traffic is heavy. 拥挤 His moustache is heavy. 浓密6) Hes moving / breathing / smoking heavily. 吃力地 / 喘着粗气地 / 多(二) 多个形容词作定语的排列顺序 限定描绘大长高；形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料；作用类别往后靠。【题组训练】1. The little white wooden house smells as if it hasnt been lived for years. (white; wooden; little)2. We spent the last few sunny days at the seaside. (few; sunny; last)3. This pretty little Spanish girl is Lauras cousin. (Spanish; little; pretty)4. The first beautiful little white Chinese wooden bridge. 第一座美丽的中国小白木桥。(三) 表语形容词：除了作表语，还可以做宾语补足语和后置定语： 以a-开头： afraid; alone; awake; asleep; alive; alike; ashamed; afloat 表示健康状况或感觉反应： well; ill; glad; sorry; unable; worth; sure 【题组训练】1. 交通事故发生后，司机依然活着。 The driver is still alive after the traffic accident.2. 她是那天晚上唯一一个醒着的人。 She was the only person awake that night.3. 这座城市是一个值得参观的地方。 The city is a place worth visiting.4. 他是最伟大的健在的诗人。 He is the greatest poet alive.5. 我发现他在熟睡。 I found him sound / fast asleep.(四) 形容词作状语表示伴随或结果【题组训练】1. He returned home, safe and sound. (安然无恙)2. The goat rolled over, dead. (死了)3. He is standing there, full of fear. (充满了恐惧)(五)副词enough的用法【题组训练】1. Students brave enough to take this adventure course (足够勇敢参加这次探险课的学生) will certainly learn a lot of useful sills.2. Strangely enough (很奇怪) some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.3. - Mary, look, what did I find? - Oh, my lost key? I cant thank you much enough.4. - I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down. - You can never be too careful in the street.5. Trees are good for man. We cant plant them too many.6. In a relay race, a player cant run fast enough. cant sb. cannot + adj. + enough can never / hardly + too + adj. 某人再 也不为过；越 越好 (六) 有些连词也可以作副词，常放在句末：though; (ever) since; in case【句型转换】1. Although / Though it was a hard job, he took it. = It was a hard job, he took it, though. = It was a hard job, however, he took it.2. We havent heard from him since he left home two weeks ago. = He left home two weeks ago and we havent heard from him ever since.3. I will take my umbrella in case it should rain. = I dont think it will rain, but I will take my umbrella in case.二、形容词和副词的比较等级（一）同级比较A. as as; not as / so as 【题组训练】1. Henry is a worker as good as Peter. Henry 和Peter 一样都是好工人。 = Henry is as good a worker as Peter.2. Henry does not have so many books as I have. Henry的书不如我的多。 = Henry does not have as many books as I have. 3. The building is 100 meters tall. 这栋楼有100米高。 = The building is as tall as 100 meters.B. 貌似同级比较的固定习惯用语as / so long as 只要；有 之久 as far as 远到地点；就 而言as soon as 一 就 as well as 和 一样好；既 又as good as (= very nearly) 与几乎一样； 几乎；简直【题组训练】1. He has experience as well as knowledge.2. The man was lying on the ground, as good as dead.3. As far as I know, he is a reliable person.4. I will work as / so long as I live.5. And as soon as he became president, he thought the Korean War to an end.(二) 比较级A比较级的修饰语： rather; much; still; even; far; any （否定疑问句）；a lot; a little; a great deal; by far; a bit 原级的修饰语：very; quite; rather; fairly; pretty 最高级的修饰语： by far; nearly; almostB. 用比较级的句型结构1). The longer you stay, the better it will be.2). The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.3). The taller of the two boys is my brother.4). She is taller than I by three inches. = She is three inches taller than I.5). - Ann acts quite unfriendly. - I think shes more shy than unfriendly.【题组训练】1. If you study hard, your English will become better and better. 如果你努力学习，你的英语会变得越来越好。2. I like the bigger one of the two dictionaries. 我喜欢这两本字典中较大的那本。3. This desk is longer than that one by one foot. 这张桌子比那张长一英尺。 = This desk is one foot longer than that one.4. The more she thought about it, the more depressed she became. 她越想越沮丧。5. He is more my friend than my teacher. 与其说他是我的老师，不如说他是我的朋友。6. Mr. Green has been ill for a few days, I wonder whether he is any better. 格林先生病了好几天了， 我想知道他是否好点了。C 比较的对象不能相互包含，常见句型是： any other + 单数名词 all (the) other + 复数名词比较级 + than + anyone else any of the other + 复数名词 the rest of + 复数名词或不可数名词【注意】China is larger than any other country in Asia. any country in Africa.【句型转换】She is the cleverest student in my class.= She is cleverer than any other student in my class.= She is cleverer than anyone else in my class.= She is cleverer than all (the) other students in my class.= She is cleverer than any of the other students in my class.= She is cleverer than the rest of the students in my class.D. 比较的对象应该相同1. 当被比较的双方的定语不同，常需要使用代词that 或those2. 当用于特指的物时，可数名词单数或不可数名词用代词that; 可数名词的复数用代词those 当用于泛指人或物时，可数名词单数用代词one; 可数名词复数用代词ones3. 一般的比较用than，而 senior; junior; superior 则不用than 而用to【改错】1. The population of China is larger than Japan. than 前加that of 2. China has a larger population than that of Japan. 删去 that of E. 注意比较对象的省略现象1. The pianos in the other shop will be _, but _. A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as better C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good2. John plays football _, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well asF. 貌似比较级的习惯用语no other than 只有；正是 more than 不止；不仅仅 no more than = onlyrather than 而不是 far more 及其 more or less = almostless than 毫不；绝不 no better than 并不比强 no less than 与一样不少other than 除以外 not more than 不超过；最多 more A than B 与其说B倒不如说AThis is more than I can tell you. more than + 主语 + can + 谓语 非 所能； 不能This tool is no more useful than that one. no more + adj. / adv. 原形 + than 两者同样不This tool is not more useful than that one. not more + adj. / adv. 原形 + than A 不比B更【题组训练】1. The work is more or less finished, so lets have a short break.2. In no country other than Britain can experience four seasons in the course of a single day.3. He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema.4. More than one student was given away a ticket to the concert, so we can set off together.5. He is far more pleased at the news that he has been admitted to Beijing University.6. His whole school education added up to no more than one year, but he became a inventor.7. That boy is no better than a beggar.8. I dont like the idea so I am less than enthusiastic about the idea.G. 否定+ 比较级 = 最高级1. He has never spent a more worrying day. 他度过了最担心的一天。2. There is no greater love than that of a mother. 母爱是最伟大的爱。 三、高考常考易混点(一) 表示倍数的句型1. A + be + times + as + adj. 原形 + as + B2. A + be + times + adj. 比较级 + than + B3. A + be + times + the + 性质名词 + of + B4. The + 性质名词 + of + A + be + times + that / those of + B【题组训练】翻译：这条路是那条路的四倍长。1. The road is four times as long as that one.2. The road is 3 times longer than that one.3. The road is 4 times the length of that one.4. The length of this road is 4 times that of that one.(二) 不定量的表达法修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词修饰可数或不可数名词(a) fewquite a fewmanymany aa good / great manya number ofa bit of(a) littlea great deal ofa large amount ofmucha lot of / lots ofenoughplenty ofa large quantity oflarge quantities ofsome / anymasses of【题组训练】1. The young dances looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _ pictures of them. A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of2. _ work has been done to improve the peoples living standard. A. Many B. A great many C. A large number of D. A great deal of3. _ of food were spread out on the table. A. Large quantities of B. A large quantity of C. A great many D. A large number of(三) 下列形容词作表语时，通常主语不用“人”，而用“it”possible; impossible; probable; necessary; convenient; inconvenient 【题组训练】判断正误1. It is probable that it will rain today. () 2.It is probable to rain today. ()3. It is likely to rain today. () 4. Please come here if you are convenient. ()5. It is not convenient to work at weekends. () 6. You can go there if it is necessary. ()7. You can go there if you is necessary. ()(四) 几组易混形容词和副词的比较too much = much 太多 + 不可数名词much too = too实在太 + mon 普通的；共同的usual 惯常的；通常的normal 符合标准的；正规的ordinary 普通的；一般的regular 有规律的；定期的(not +) nearly 一点儿也不; 相差甚远almost (+ no ) = hardly (+ any)fairly “还算“ (修饰褒义词)quite “颇为” + 形容词比较级 + 动词 + 名词 + a + adj. + 名词 + 不分级的形容词 表示“完全”rather “十分” + 比较级 / too + 动词 + a + adj. + 名词pretty “十分” （informal）very “非常“It is possible / probable / likely + that It is possible (for sb. ) to do sth.Sb. / Sth. be likely to do sth.【题组训练】1. _ none of us could solve the math problem, for it is too difficult. A. Hardly B. Nearly C. Almost D. Seldom2. _ anybody came to the party because of the heavy rain. A. Hardly B. Nearly C. Almost D. Seldom3. She is not _ as pretty as her sister. A. hardly B. nearly C. almost D. seldom4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much5. During the meeting, the manager put forward a plan which was _ worth discussing. A. very B. fairly C. quite D. well6. Yesterday he got up earlier than _, for it was not an _ day for him. A. normal; common B. regular; usual C. ordinary; normal D. usual; ordinary(五) 具有两种形式的副词辨析1. We spoke highly of him. The bird was flying high in the sky.2. Dont come too close. I am closely like my father.3. The train stopped dead. She turned deadly pale.4. The village is mostly of mud houses. She is the most beautiful girl in the college.5. It says firmly that the EU must keep its promise. Fix the post firm in the ground.high 高高地highly 高度地close 近地closely 紧密地dead 死一般地；非常deadly 极其地；完全地most 最mostly 主要地；大部分firm 稳固地；坚定地firmly 紧紧地；断然地right 直接地；立即rightly 公正地；正确地just 正好justly 公正地late 迟；晚lately 最近near 近nearly 几乎sharp 突然地；急剧地sharply严厉地direct 径直地directly恰好；直接；坦率地clean 完全地；径直地cleanly 清洁地；干净利索地free 自由地；免费地freely 自由自在地；随便地clear 隔开；不接触clearly 清晰地；明显地flat 平淡地flatly 直截了当地easy 安适地easily 容易地short 突然shortly 不久fair 公平地；正直地fairly 相当地hard 努力地hardly 几乎不6 / 6