2021年高考英语二轮复习-定语从句语法突破训练.doc

2021年高考英语二轮复习 定语从句语法突破训练2021年高考英语二轮复习 定语从句语法突破训练年级：姓名：定语从句考点一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语关系代词that和which的用法区别只用that的情况先行词是all, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing等不定代词时先行词被the only, the very, the same, all等修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时先行词既有人又有物时关系代词that和which的用法区别只用which的情况引导非限制性定语从句时关系代词指物，且前有介词时关系代词as和which的用法区别as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如，正像”。从句的谓语动词多为see, know, expect, say, mention, report等which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系例：She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感。My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.我大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。“You cant judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相。” 注意：(1)whom, which, that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that；(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于下列句式：such名词as(像一样的，像之类的)；the same名词as(和同样的)。例：Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。 考点二、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词先行词句法功能when时间名词时间状语where地点名词或抽象名词(situation, point, activity, case, stage等)地点状语whythe reason原因状语例：The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。Do you know the reason why he didnt attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？考点三、way后定语从句的引导词(1)当先行词是way时，若定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，即way在从句中作状语时，则从句用in which或that引导，引导词也可省略。(2)如果way作先行词，定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，则用which或that引导该从句。若先行词在定语从句中作宾语，which或that也可省略。例：She was pleased with the way he had accepted her criticism.She was pleased with the way that he had accepted her criticism.She was pleased with the way in which he had accepted her criticism.她对他接受批评的方式很满意。考点四、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句构成句法功能用法the名词of关系代词(whom/which)主语可转化为“whose名词”结构数词(形容词最高级)of关系代词主语数词还可以用some, many, most, each等不定代词替换介词(短语)关系代词状语关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换介词关系代词名词状语关系代词常用which 和whose介词关系副词状语有时为了表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from或to例：Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。Many young people, most of whom were welleducated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求他们的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。The newlybuilt caf， the walls of which(whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。He may win the competition, in which case he is likely to get into the national team.他可能会赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话他就可能进入国家队。答题技巧点拨 “缺什么，补什么”，准确选用关系词1如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that；非限制性定语从句中用who。2如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom；非限制性定语从句中用whom。3如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that；非限制性定语从句中用which。4如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，定语从句中用when/where; 如果从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that/which。5不论先行词指人还是物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。6如果先行词指人，“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom；如果先行词指物，“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。I.单句语法填空1. Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner,_might not be served until 8 oclock at night.2. Bob is in a hopeless situation，_we will keep a very close eye on.3. Take an active part in the activities you enjoy_ you can make many friends.4. Those who can achieve high grades in class tend to be weak in handling some practical problems，_is often the case.5. Tom，_I shared a house with when we were at college，has gone abroad in Australia.6. Over the years，I have met some interesting people.Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters，Joan and Bernice，_way of talking about people inspired me.7. I will never forget such a beautiful village _I spent my childhood with my grandparents.8. There they met people from other parts of the country，_had also volunteered to help.9. I have made a habit of saying“Thank you”to those _offer their seats to the fellow passengers on public transport.10. The air quality in the city，_is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.11. To me，the debating community is a great place_ people help each other not only because theyre interested in a higher cause, but because they care a-bout how people from different backgrounds can lead better lives.12. The documentary is about the people_ job is to repair the relics in the museum.13. This woman has set a good example to her son，_is a really lucky guy.14. The shelter，_is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkoks night market，has become an attraction itself.15. The old man turned his business over to his younger son，_made his elders on discouraged.单句改错1. It was known to all，the Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.2. Above all,they hosted an American student last year,through that they gained lots of experience.3. From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as abridge helps us to seek the truth.4. On an autumn afternoon，we were sent to a farm which we learned to plant potatoes.5. There are many problems when I am abroad alone，especially when I am in the Czech Republic，its official language is not English.6. I am a 25-year-old young man， which graduated from the Foreign Languages Department of Jilin University.7. There are many people think that wealth is better than health.8. He thanked me and jumped quickly in his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.9. A blog will be opened on the website of our school，that aims to help students to communicate better.10. At noon，we play Room Escape，an interesting game what challenged our IQ and teamwork.11. Besides，we should actively participate in some activities that are related to reading，what we can not only get our knowledge enriched but also gain a lot of pleasure.12. Its a black square suitcase，what is just as big as a school bag. 语篇填空There was a time_1_I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English. And this was the reason_2_my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club，_3_I met many strangers， I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately， my guide，_4_teacher was Yu Minhong，communicated with me face-to-face，from_5_I gained some useful instructions.He also introduced a good partner to me，and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Everyday I would talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities_6_we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide，_7_encouraged met of all in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into_8_I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages，through_9_I can memorize a large number of new words. _10_our Eng sh teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will master English sooner or later.”.单句语法填空1.which which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。2.which句意：鲍勃现在正处于绝望的境地， 我们将持续密切关注。此处是非限制性定语从句的引导词， 先行词是situation， 从句中介词on后面缺少宾语， 故填which。3.where/and句意：积极参加你喜欢的活动，在这些活动中你能交到很多朋友。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句， 先行词是activities，在句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。也可填and， 构成“祈使句十and十陈述句”结构。4.as句意：那些能在课堂上取得高分的人往往不擅长解决实际问题， 这是常有的事情。as is often the case意为“这是常有的事情”，为固定用法。5.who/whom 句意：汤姆出国去澳大利亚工作了。上大学期间我和他住同一家。本题考查定语从句。先行词为Tom， 将先行词代入定语从句后为：I shared a room with Tom when we were at college. 由此可见，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，先行词是“人”，故填关系代词who/whom。因是非限定性定语从句， 故不能用that。6.whose考查定语从句。whose引导非限制性定语从句， 在从句中作定语， 先行词为Joan and Bernice。7.where句意：我永远不会忘记那个如此美丽的村庄，在那里我和祖父母一起度过我的童年。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是village，且在从句中作地点状语， 因此用where引导， 相当于in which。8.who句意：在那里他们遇到了从这个国家其他地方来的人，他们也是自愿来帮忙的。分析句子结构可知，设空处应是非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词是people，从句缺少主语， 故填关系代词who。9.who句意：我已经习惯对那些在公共交通工具上把座位让给同车的乘客的人说声“谢谢”。设空处引导定语从句， 先行词为those， 指人， 且关系词在从句中作主语， 故填who。10.as句意为：正如报告中所表明的，在过去的两个月里，城市的空气质量有所改善。此处as引导的是非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，指代整个主句。11.where考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，先行词为place，故用where。12.whose考查定语从句。空处用作定语，修饰后面的名词job，表示所属关系，并引导定语从句。故填whose。13.who考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知， 空处引导非限制性定语从句， 先行词为her son， 故用who。14.which考查定语从句。先行词是The shelter， 空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用which。15.which句意：那位老人把生意交给了小儿子，这使他的大儿子很沮丧。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语，故填which。.单句改错1.ItAs逗号前为定语从句，所以要用关系词引导；It是指示代词，不能起到连接的作用；又因这个定语从句在先行词前，结合语境可知只能用as，且在句首要大写。2.thatwhich/在“介词十关系代词”引导的定语从句中，当先行词是人时，关系代词只用whom； 当先行词是物或前面整个句子时，关系代词只用which。故将that改为which。3.bridge后加that或which分析句子结构可知，本句主语为I，谓语为have learnt，that引导宾语从句，作learnt的宾语，can serve为从句的谓语，与helps之间无连词连接，由此可判断，bridge后为定语从句，先行词为bridge，指物，在从句中作主语，故用that或which引导该从句。故在bridge后加that或which。4.whichwhere或在which前加on句意：在一个秋日的下午，我们被送到一个农场，在那里我们学会了种土豆。根据句意以及句子结构可知，句中的“which we learned to plant potatoes”为定语从句， 先行词为farm，关系词在从句中作状语， 表示地点，故应用关系副词where引导定语从句。此处也可以在which前面加on，on which相当于where，5.itswhose句中含有一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Czech Republic.关系词在从句中作定语， 所以用whose，故将its改为whose。6.whichwho/that本句中含有定语从句，先行词为man， 指人，且在从句中作主语.应用who或that引导。7.think前面加who或think-thinking考查定语从句或现在分词。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为many people，故用who引导该定语从句；因many people和think为主动关系，故也可以用现在分词thinking作many people的后置定语。8.someone后加who考查定语从句。who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。9.thatwhich逗号后为非限定性定语从句，不能用that引导。10.whatthat/which句中先行词是game，引导词代替先行词并在句中作主语，故用that或which。11.whatwhere考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为some activities，关系词指代先行词且在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。12.whatwhich句意：那是一个黑色方形手提箱，恰好和书包一样大。本题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为suitcase，指物，在定语从句中作主语， 故需将what改为which。.语篇语法填空【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，叙述了作者参加英语俱乐部的训练的难忘经历。在那里作者遇到了一位好老师，那位老师使作者对学习英语产生了兴趣。作者还养成了学习英语的好习惯。1.when句意：有一段时间，我厌烦学英语并且不喜欢山说英语。There was a time when.有一段时间2.why This is/was the reason why.这就是的原因。3.where先行词是the club， 关系词在从句中作地点状语， 故填where。4.whose先行词为my guide， 代人定语从句后为：My guides teacher was Yu Minhong. 由此 可见， 关系词与teacher之间是所属关系，故用whose引导。5.which先行词指事，关系词在定语从句中作from的宾语， 且介词from在前面， 故填which。6.that/which先行词是activities，且关系词在定语从句中作宾语， 故用that或which引导。7.who先行词为my father and the guide，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，且指“人”， 所以用who引导。8.which先行词为English，关系词在定语从句中作介词into的宾语， 且介词into在前面， 故填which。9.which句意：人睡前我回忆文章，通过这种方法，我能记住大量的生词。先行词为一个句子，关系词在定语从句中作介词through的宾语， 且介词在前面，故用which引导。10.As句意：正如我们英语老师所说的：“只要你们养成每天学英语的习惯并且坚持不懈，你们迟早会掌握英语。” 非限制性定语从句置于句首，故需用as引导。