高中英语面表达写作训练步骤.doc

英文写作“四步走”
由于时间限制，高考时一般在15分钟左右必须完成英语作文。高考的英语作文步骤如下：
　　1）作文动笔之前一般都要先打腹稿。在确立中心上，运用材料上，篇章结构上，充分酝酿。
　　2）考虑好想写多少句子，该用哪些动词和词组等。
　　3）边写边思考内容的连贯性，语言和句子的准确性。
　　4）写完后一定要再细看一遍。
作文句式的多变性——恰当使用复杂句型
（一）改变时态
例: The bell is ringing now.(一般)
There goes the bell! (高级)
（二）改变语态
例: People suggest that the conference be put off.(一般)
It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高级)
（三）使用不定式
例: He is so kind that he can help me.(一般)
He is so kind as to help me.(高级)
（四）使用过去分词
例: ①She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(一般)
Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.(高级)
②Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.(一般)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.(高级)
（五）使用V-ing形式
例: ①When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般)
On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.(高级)
②If the weather permits, I’ll come tomorrow.(一般)
I’ll come tomorrow, weather permitting.(高级)
③You work hard. You will succeed.（一般）
Working hard, you will succeed.（高级）
（六）使用名词性从句
例: ①It disappointed everybody that he didn’t turn up.(一般)
The fact that he didn’t turn up disappointed everybody.(高级)
②I happened to have met him.(一般)
It happened that I had met him.(高级)
③To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.(一般)
What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(高级)
（七）使用定语从句
例:The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written. (一般)
The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of. (高级)
（八）使用状语从句
例: ①I won’t believe what he says.(一般)
No matter what he says, I won’t believe. (高级)
②If you come back before six o’clock, you can go out.(一般)
You can go out on condition that (provided that) you come back before
Six o’clock. (高级)
③If she doesn’t agree, what shall we do?(一般)
Supposing that she doesn’t agree, what shall we do?(高级)
（九）使用虚拟语气 
（十）倒装句
（1）虚拟语气中if省略（2）only+状语置于句首
（3）否定词置于句首 （4）地点副词置于句首
（十一）强调句型
It is ……that (who)…
（十二）固定句型结构
要使用高等级词汇及短语
（一）使用高等级词汇
（二）使用短语
（三）使用谚语
（四）使用表强调的词，
如alone, just, single, only, not…at all, on the earth, the very, on earth等
（五）使用修辞手法:明喻，暗喻，夸张，头韵，拟人等
as busy as a bee, as proud as a peacock, as blind as a bat
1. The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。
2. He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。
3. Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream. 童年就像一场疾逝的梦。
4. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实；交谈使人机智；写作使人精确。
（六）使用连接词，过渡自然，连贯通顺，一气呵成,巧用连接词，过渡词：
（1）表并列关系 （2）表递进关系 （3）表转折对比 （4）表原因
（5）表结果 （6）表条件 （7）表时间 （8）表特定的顺序关系 
（9）表换一种方式表达 （10）表进行举例说明 （11）表陈述事实
（12）表强调的过渡词 （13）表比较 （14）表目的 （15）表总结的过渡词
（七）“特殊”的英语连词
由动词转化成的连词
1. suppose （如果，假使）引导条件状语从句。例如：
Suppose it rains， what shall we do？
如果天下雨，我们该怎么办？

2. save （除了，只是）引导状语从句，表示伴随状况。例如：
A similar timetable has been used， save that the morning break is shorter.
已经采用了差不多相同的时间表，只是早上的休息时间缩短了。
由分词转化成的连词：
这类连词有两种：一种是由现在分词转化成的连词，另一种是由过去分词转化成的连词。
1. 现在分词
由现在分词转化成的连词有:seeing (考虑到) supposing (即使,如果) providing (如果) granting (即使) saving (除了，除非) assuming (假使) admitting (虽说，即使) presuming (假定，假使) considering (考虑到)
(1)He can stay here providing he works.
如果他工作的话，他可以留在这儿。
(2)Supposing that you've made some progress, you should not be proud.
假定你有了一些进步，你也不应该骄傲自大。
(3)Considering they are newcomers， they've done very well.
考虑到他们是新来的，他们已经做得很好了。
2. 过去分词
由过去分词转化成的连词有:provided（如果……的话；以……为条件）， granted（假定；即使） given (就……而言)
(1)You may go, provided your work is done.
如果你的工作做完了，你就可以走了。
(2)Granted that he has enough money to buy the house, it doesn't mean he's going to do so.即使他有足够的钱来买这栋房子，他也不一定会这么做。
由副词转化成的连词
directly ，instantly ，immediately ,constantly均表示“一……就，马上，立刻”的意思，可用来引导时间状语从句。例如：
(1)Directly I had done it， I knew I had made a mistake.
我刚做完这件事，就知道出错了。
(2)I came immediately I'd eaten.
我一吃完就来了。
(3)I telegraphed instantly I arrived there.
我一到了那里就打电报。
由名词转化成的连词
由名词转化过来的连词，前面一般都有定冠词。
1. the moment， the instant， the minute
这几个词组都表示“一……就，马上，立刻”的意思，可用来引导时间状语从句。例如：
(1)I will meet you the instant you arrive.
你一到我就去见你。
(2)The moment you leave， please tell me.
你一动身就请告诉我。
2. the first （或 second， next， last ） time （或 moment ）表示“在某一次……的时候”，可用来引导时间状语从句。例如：
I liked her the first time I met her.
第一次见到她时我就喜欢上了她。
由介词短语转化成的关联连词
由介词短语转化成的关联连词很多，而且还在不断增加。常见的有 for fear that（唯恐）， in case that （假使）， in order that （为了）， on condition that （如果）， with the result that （结果）等，可用来引导条件、目的或结果状语从句。例如：
(1)He hurried home for fear that he might miss his guests.
他急忙赶回家，唯恐见不到他的客人。
(2)In case I'm late， start without me.
如果我来晚了，你们不必等我。
(3)I was in the bath with the result that I didn't hear the telephone.
我正在浴室里洗澡，结果没有听见电话铃响。
(4)They flew there in order that they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony.
为了能及时参加开幕典礼，他们乘飞机到了那里。

 文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成，在修辞中称为启、承、转、合。“启”就是开头, “承”是承接，“转”是转折，“合”是综合或总结。
（1）用于“启”的过渡词语 用于表示“启”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落或文章的开头：
first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to being with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, at present, lately, currently,
It is often said that…,
As the proverb says…,
It goes without saying that…,
It is clear/obvious that…,
Many people often ask …
（2）用于“承”的过渡词语 表示“承”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中：
second, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time, no doubt，
It is true that…, Everybody knows that…, It can be easily proved that…,
No one can deny that… The reason why …is that …,
There is no doubt that…, To take…for an example (instance) …,
We know that…, What is more serious is that…
（3）用于“转”的过渡词语 用于“转”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中：
but however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate（无论如何）, otherwise, or, or else, while, whereas, but, despite, in spite of ..., yet, instead,
nevertheless(虽然如此)
I do not believe that…, Perhaps you’ll ask why…
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to…,
Though we are in basic agreement with …, yet differences will be found,
That’s why I feel that…
（4）用于“合”的过渡词语 用于“合”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中：
in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking，to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, therefore, as a result, above all, thus，after all(毕竟), eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion, in a word, in sum(总之), on the whole(就整体而言), to sum up
From this point of view … On account of this we can find that …
The result is dependent on … Thus, this is the reason why we must…

英语作文常用句型：段首句和中间段落句适用
（一）段首句
1．关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2．俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______. Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3．现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____Second, ____. What makes things worse is that______.
4．现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。
Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.
5．任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6．关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……
People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them, _____.
7．人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8．……已成为人们的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9．……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10．根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why?
（二）中间段落句
1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。
On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.

2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。
But I don’t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.
3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……
______is necessary and important to our country’s development and construction. First，______.What’s more, _____.Most important of all,______.
4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。
There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______
5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，
Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing，______For another，______
6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。
It is high time that something was done about it. For example, _____.In addition, _____. All these measures will certainly______.
7. 为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……
Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.
8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.
9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.
10. 完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：
I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.

1. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:
　　我同意后者，有如下理由：
2. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.
　　在给出我的观点之前，我想看看双方的观点是重要的。
3. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.
　　这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。
4. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.
　　通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。
5. This issue has caused wide public concern.
　　这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。
6. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.
　　必须指出的是学习只能靠你自己。
7. As for me, I'm in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:
　　就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因：
8. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.
　　即使最优秀的毕业生，要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。
9. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.
对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老.
10. Some people pretend to despise the things they cannot have.
吃不到葡萄的人说葡萄酸。
11. Speech is a mirror of the soul; as a man speaks, so is he.
语言是心灵的镜子；一个人只要说话，他说的话就是他的心灵的镜子。
12. Ideal is the beacon. Without ideal, there is no secure direction; without direction, there is no life.
理想是指路明灯。没有理想，就没有坚定的方向；没有方向，就没有生活。
13. Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.
生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针。
14. The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.
人生重要的事情就是确定一个伟大的目标，并决心实现它。
15. No one can degrade us except ourselves; that if we are worthy, no influence can defeat us.
除了我们自己以外，没有人能贬低我们。如果我们坚强，就没有什么不良影响能够打败我们。
16. No pain, no palm; no thorns, no throne; no gall, no glory; no cross, no crown.
没有播种，何来收获；没有辛劳，何来成功；没有磨难，何来荣耀；没有挫折，何来辉煌。
17. Activity is the only road to knowledge.
行动是通往知识的唯一道路。

高中英语作文句型
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。

二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V
Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.
没有比接受教育更重要的事。

三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.
（再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。）
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

四、There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...）
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道...）
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ （毫无疑问的...）
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的优点是...）
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution.
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的原因是...）
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 　
九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此...以致于...）
例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.
时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。

十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~ （虽然...）
例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.
{by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~（愈...愈...）
例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你愈努力，你愈进步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become
我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。

十二、By +V-ing, ~~ can ~~ （借着...，..能够..）
例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

十三、~~~ enable + Object（受词）+ to + V （..使..能够..）
例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ （我们绝对不能...）
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

十五、It is time + S + 过去式 （该是...的时候了）
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

十六、Those who ~~~ （...的人...）
例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。

十七、There is no one but ~~~ （没有人不...）
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.
没有人不渴望上大学。

十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V （不得不...）
例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. 　
既然考