2021届高考英语二轮创新复习-专题四-第三节-基础保分三-形容词和副词学案.doc

2021届高考英语二轮创新复习 专题四 第三节 基础保分三 形容词和副词学案

2021届高考英语二轮创新复习 专题四 第三节 基础保分三 形容词和副词学案

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基础保分三　形容词和副词

授课提示：对应学生用书第48页
形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，表示人或事物的性质和特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至是句子。
语法填空主要考查词性转换及比较级和最高级；短文改错主要考查词性误用，原级、比较级和最高级之间的误用及部分特殊词汇的词义或用法(如hardly/hard，late/later/latest，though/but)。两者比较时用比较级，标志词为than；三者或三者以上进行比较时用最高级，此时往往用in或者of表示比较范围。
◎语法填空中的形容词和副词考点
[高考这样考]
1．(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ)As the small boat moved ____________(gentle)along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
2．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many ____________tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ____________(huge)popular with tourists.
3．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years ____________(long)than non­runners.
4．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)However，be ____________(care)not to go to extremes.
[题目这么解]
1．若设空在形容词之前，要考虑用副词修饰形容词表示程度(如T2次空)；
2．若设空在动词(短语)之前或之后，要考虑用副词修饰动词(如T1)；
3．若设空在一个句子的前面，要考虑用副词修饰整个句子；
4．若设空在名词之前，一般空格处需填提示词的形容词形式作定语(如T2首空)；
5．若设空在系动词之后，要考虑用形容词作表语(如T4)；
6．句中无比较意义用原级；在比较结构so/as...as...中用原级；
7．句中有比较含义用比较级或最高级(如T3)。注意：否定句中用比较级表示肯定的最高级。
自我诊断：1.gently　2.traditional；hugely　3.longer
4．careful
[类题对点练]
1．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is actually(actual)behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle.
2．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Even worse(bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
3．Honestly，my first choice wasn't Africa，but I am extremely grateful that I've the chance.So with a group of equally(equal)eager young graduates，I went on my journey.
4．I find swimming in the pool very relaxing(relax)．
◎短文改错中的形容词和副词考点
[高考这样考]
1．(2020·高考全国卷Ⅱ)I'm surely you'll have a good time.____________
2．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ)I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.____________
3．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)A few minutes late，the instructor asked me to stop the car.____________
4．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.____________
[题目这么解]
1．看修饰关系：修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子用副词；修饰名词要用形容词(如T4)；连系动词后作表语不可用副词(如T1)；在动词make，keep，find，leave，consider等后用形容词作宾语补足语；
2．看固定用法：修饰可数名词用many/few，修饰不可数名词用much/little；当most前面有a时，表示“非常”；
3．看比较范围：无比较用原级，两者比较用比较级，三者及三者以上比较用最高级；
4．看有无重复：so与very表达同一含义，故不能同时使用；
5．看同根形容词的区别(如T2)。
自我诊断：1.surely→sure　2.interesting→interested
3．late→later　4.suddenly→sudden
[类题对点练]
1．(2020·高考全国卷Ⅱ)See you sooner.
答案：See you .
2．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)I felt happily that their life had improved.
答案：I felt that their life had improved.
3．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅲ)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.
答案：I was afraid to speak in front of a group of people.
形容词和副词考点的核心知识提炼
一、形容词变副词的规则
1．一般情况加­ly
common→commonly　　immediate→immediately
2．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，将y改为i然后加­ly
steady→steadily　busy→busily
3．以­le结尾，去掉e加­y
simple→simply　gentle→gently
4．以­ic结尾，加­ally
economic→economically　scientific→scientifically
二、­ed型形容词和­ing型形容词
1．看语境表示的是“令人……”(­ing)，还是“感到……”(­ed)；
2．看语境说明的是性质特征(­ing)，还是感受(­ed)。
He had a pleased smile on his face.
三、几个特殊词
1．以­ly结尾的形容词。如：friendly，lovely，lively，lonely，elderly，deadly等。
2．表示“最高程度”的形容词favorite，excellent，extreme，perfect等既没有最高级也没有比较级。
3．下列词语不用比较级形式却表示比较含义：inferior，minor，senior，prior，prefer to，superior，major，junior，preferable。

授课提示：对应学生用书第50页
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．For those who travel to China，the scenic spots and ancient civilization are attractive(attract) things，and so are Chinese food and drink.
2．There is no more__effective(effective)way to learn a language than to be exposed to the culture.
3．In fact，even when the weather is extremely__(extreme)hot，many Chinese people prefer to have hot water.
4．Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be equally(equal)respected.
5．The town is as beautiful__(beauty)as the magical bird.
6．His mother，who was unwilling(will)to pay for his education，brought him home to look after the sheep.
7．Police Story 2013 is about a devoted(devote)policeman named Zhong Wen.
8．Growing algae uses less(little)land than other kinds of protein.
9．Liu is the biggest(big)celebrity(名人)here.At the local carnival，fans were getting a chance to see him in person.
10．Once in a speech the 64­year­old director shared his idea about how to make traditional(tradition)treasures come alive again.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．What's bad，some students are likely to compare the brands of their smartphones with their classmates'.
答案：What's ，some students are likely to compare the brands of their smartphones with their classmates'.
2．Standing on the Great Wall，I felt very proudly.I thought of the old saying that “One who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a hero.”
答案：Standing on the Great Wall，I felt very .I thought of the old saying that “One who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a hero.”
3．However，my favorite subject is music，especially classical music which often makes my heart peacefully.
答案：However，my favorite subject is music，especially classical music which often makes my heart .
4．Closely friends share not only our joys but also our sorrows.
答案： friends share not only our joys but also our sorrows.
5．As a result，we all think that the opening week was of great successful.
答案：As a result，we all think that the opening week was of great .
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·南昌市NCS20200607项目第一次模拟)How do you know I am really a human writing this article and not a robot?
Forbes uses 1.____________AI robot called Bertie to assist in providing reporters 2.____________first drafts for news stories.The Washington Post also 3.____________(have)a robot reporter called Heliograf.In its first year，approximately 850 articles 4.____________(publish) and it even earned an award for its “Excellence in Use of Bots”．However，The Washington Post is using it not to replace journalists，but to assist them and make their jobs 5.____________(easy)and faster.
Journalists are worried that content written by robots could weaken reliable media outlets that they write for by not 6.____________(produce)quality content.However，some say that will not be the case but rather increase the quality by giving reporters the ability 7.____________ (concentrate)on quality over quantity.All in all，this could 8.____________(true)benefit journalism.
“The work is creative.It's about 9.____________(curious)，storytelling，digging and holding governments accountable.And it's about critical thinking and judgment.These are 10.____________ we want our journalists spending their energy，” AP Director of News Partnerships Lisa Gibbs said.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。你能区分出文章是人还是机器人写的吗？本文介绍了机器人在新闻媒体行业的应用以及人们对此的看法。
1．解析：考查冠词。robot是可数名词，此处第一次在语境中出现，所以应用不定冠词修饰，且AI的发音以元音音素开头，所以填an。
答案：an
2．解析：考查介词。provide sb.with sth.“给某人提供某物”是固定搭配，所以填with。
答案：with
3．解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句子的主语是The Washington Post，是一份报纸的名称，为单数概念，且应与上句中的uses时态保持一致，所以填has。
答案：has
4．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，空处为句子的谓语，又与句子主语850 articles构成动宾关系，故用被动语态，即be＋done，且根据and可知，此处应与earned的时态保持一致，即一般过去时，所以填were published。
答案：were published
5．解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的and可知，此处与faster并列，故用形容词的比较级形式作宾语补足语，所以填easier。
答案：easier
6．解析：考查非谓语动词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，空处作介词by的宾语，所以填producing。
答案：producing
7．解析：考查非谓语动词。ability to do sth.“做某事的能力”是固定搭配，不定式作后置定语，所以填to concentrate。
答案：to concentrate
8．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词，修饰动词benefit，所以填truly。
答案：truly
9．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处应为名词，作介词about的宾语，所以填curiosity。
答案：curiosity
10．解析：考查名词性从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语，结合语境可知，此处表示这些就是我们想让新闻工作者投入精力之所在，所以填where。
答案：where
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2020·江西重点中学联考)Yesterday we went to a nearby villages to help the peasants get in the crops.We leave our school early in the morning.It took us half an hour to reach village.As soon as we got here，we joined in the peasants in their harvesting work.They taught me how to cut rice and how to tie it.It was in the fields which we had our lunch.After lunch，we had a short rest.We were attract by the beautiful scenery of the countryside.It got darker when we returned home.We were very tired，but we felt pleasing.
答案：
Yesterday we went to a nearby to help the peasants get in the crops.We our school early in the morning.It took us half an hour to reach village.As soon as we got ，we joined the peasants in their harvesting work.They taught how to cut rice and how to tie it.It was in the fields we had our lunch.After lunch，we had a short rest.We were by the beautiful scenery of the countryside.It got when we returned home.We were very tired，but we felt .