2022届高考英语一轮复习练习-选修10-Units-1～4课时作业.doc

2022届高考英语一轮复习练习 选修10 Units 14课时作业2022届高考英语一轮复习练习 选修10 Units 14课时作业年级：姓名：三十选修10Units 14(限时35分钟). 阅读理解(2021长沙模拟)Different contexts affect food production, processing, trade, marketing and consumption. As a result of this, the food availability, accessibility, and affordabilityas well as consumers dietary behaviour and nutritional statusvary. One possible picture is presented here to provide an idea on how COVID-19 might impact the global food system. Consumer demand plays a crucial role in food production and their demands depend on purchasing power and preference. Because of the lockdown, there is no work for many people. As a result, they do not have enough money to buy adequate food for their families. The closure of restaurants, school meals and tourism businesses may reduce the demand for fresh food. People buy frozen, dried and canned food with longer shelf life. Energy-dense, less nutritious foods are often more affordable than fresh and nutritious one. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, COVID-19 is not likely to be transmitted through food. However, workers can get infected by each other if they do not maintain social distance properly. Shortage of labor can not only hamper food production, but also the processing of food. Around the world, millions of people depend on international trade either for their livelihood or food security. The virus outbreak might slow down global trade and marketing of food. As a result, countries depending on imported food can face difficulties. The closure of ports and other supply restrictions will hamper food supply. The price of transferring food within and outside of the country may get more expensive. It means import may get more expensive and export may bring less money. On the other hand, the restriction in transport and supply can be the cause of food loss particularly for fresh fruits and vegetables. Companies may face difficulties to import the ingredients for different products which may disturb the production. 【文章大意】不同的环境影响食品生产、加工、贸易、营销和消费。因此, 食物的可获得性、可承受性以及消费者的膳食与营养状况不同。本文讲述了新冠病毒肺炎对食物体系的影响。1. The passage is mainly about _. A. why the food system is easily affected by COVID-19B. how the world may be affected by COVID-19 outbreakC. what effect COVID-19 may have on the food systemD. what contexts affect food production【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第一段“One possible picture is presented here to provide an idea on how COVID-19 might impact the global food system. ”(这里提供一幅可能的图景, 以说明新型冠状病毒肺炎可能如何影响全球粮食系统)可知, 本文主要讲述了新冠病毒肺炎对食物体系有什么影响。故选C。2. How is consumers dietary behavior changing now?A. They are eating more fresh food. B. Energy-dense food is not popular with them. C. They buy more less nutritious food. D. A balanced diet provides adequate nutrition for them. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段“People buy frozen, dried and canned food with longer shelf life. Energy-dense, less nutritious foods are often more affordable than fresh and nutritious one. ”(人们购买冷冻, 保质期较长的干燥和罐装食品。高能量、低营养的食物往往比新鲜、有营养的食物更便宜 )可知, 在新冠病毒肺炎爆发时, 消费者的膳食与营养状况正在改变, 人们会买更多缺少营养的食物。故选C。3. Paragraph 3 is related to food _. A. gatheringB. tradeC. marketD. processing【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段“However, workers can get infected by each other if they do not maintain social distance properly. Shortage of labor can not only hamper food production, but also the processing of food. ”(但是, 如果不适当地保持社交距离, 员工之间也会感染。劳动力短缺不仅影响食品生产, 还影响食品加工)可知, 第三段和食物加工有关。故选D。4. Which of the following leads to the shortage of fresh food?A. Growing concern for food security. B. Inadequate ingredients. C. Increased processed food. D. Limited transport and supply. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段“On the other hand, the restriction in transport and supply can be the cause of food loss particularly for fresh fruits and vegetables. ”(另一方面, 运输和供应方面的限制可能是粮食损失的原因, 特别是新鲜水果和蔬菜)可知, 有限的运输和供应造成新鲜食物的短缺。故选D。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. availability可用性2. accessibility可达性3. affordability可负担性4. food security食品安全5. lockdown封锁6. play a crucial role in. . . 在起着至关重要的作用7. slow down减缓, 放慢. 完形填空阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A, B, C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2021长治模拟)Shoes can tell you a lot about a person. Winson 1 believed in this. He could fit people into different classes simply by the shoes on their feet. One day, Winson was 2 on his regular bench at the train station, watching passers-by. Suddenly he 3 something different. Two bare feet walked past, making a(n) 4 sound on the floor. Their bareness made Winson be 5 by surprise. He had seen many strange feet, but had never seen such feet without any cover. He 6 what kind of man could completely 7 the basic rules of society, sticking his bare feet out for all to see. ”A 8 man who was crazy and bad-tempered perhaps. “Winson thought. Winson turned around on the bench and folded his arms tightly to 9 any possible touch. The man, however, took up the 10 made free by Winsons shrinking (退缩). “Its a rough day, ”the shoe-less man said, putting a plastic bag between them, “I had to 11 my shoes. ” He looked at his bare feet. “Its my little girls 12, ” he explained. “Shes seven today. All she wanted was a cake, with her 13 on the top. ”Out of curiosity, Winson 14 the bag to see the cake. It was a small white cake with the letters “A-m-e-l-i-a” on the top. “Its pretty, isnt it?” the man said, being aware of Winsons 15. “I just got it for her at the cost of a pair of shoes, 16 you can see. ”His 17 sounded like he was about to cry. Winson 18 his head and met the strangers eyes. They were kind and beautiful eyes, sharply contrasting with his bare and 19 feet. The man was a great father. Winson was 20 of his bad judgement of the man simply for his lack of shoes. 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文, 主要讲述了主人公Winson相信鞋能告诉一个人很多信息。直到有一天, 他遇到了一个赤脚的男人, 这个男人为了给女儿买生日蛋糕, 把自己的鞋子卖掉了。在了解了实情后, Winson对自己的错误判断感到羞愧。1. A. never B. almost C. unwillinglyD. firmly【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意:Winson坚定地相信这个。A. never从不;B. almost几乎;C. unwillingly不愿意地;D. firmly坚定地。根据上下文语境, Winson通过人脚上所穿的鞋就能把人归属到不同的阶级中。可知Winson对“鞋能告诉一个人很多信息”这个观点是坚信的。故选D项。2. A. readingB. sleepingC. seatedD. stuck【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:有一天, Winson坐在火车站的长条凳上观看来往行人。A. reading读;B. sleeping睡觉;C. seated坐;D. stuck粘贴。根据后文“bench”和“watching”, 可知Winson是坐在长椅上的。故选C项。3. A. expectedB. spottedC. achievedD. attempted【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:很快他就发现有一些不同。A. expected期盼;B. spotted 发现;C. achieved实现, 获得;D. attempted试图, 企图。根据后文“He had seen many strange feet, but had never seen such feet without any cover. ”可知, Winson 发现了一些不同的事情。故选B项。4. A. unclearB. unfamiliarC. noisyD. beautiful【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:两只赤脚走过, 在地上发出不一样的声音。A. unclear不清楚的;B. unfamiliar不熟悉的;C. noisy有噪音的;D. beautiful美丽的。根据后文“bareness”可知, 这种声音是和正常穿鞋走路的声音不同, 故是不熟悉的声音。故选B项。5. A. overcomeB. coveredC. influencedD. inspired【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:它们的赤裸让Winson感到被征服了。A. overcome克服, 战胜;B. covered覆盖;C. influenced受影响;D. inspired鼓舞, 启发。根据后文“He had seen many strange feet, but had never seen such feet without any cover. ”可知, Winson感到被征服了。故选A项。6. A. askedB. knewC. wonderedD. proved【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:他想知道这是个什么样的人, 让他完全忽视社会的基本准则, 把脚露出来让大家看。A. asked询问;B. knew了解;C. wondered想知道;D. proved证明。根据下文“Winson thought. ”可知, 这个脚属于什么样的人是Winson想知道的。故选C项。7. A. explainB. keepC. changeD. ignore【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:他想知道这是个什么样的人, 让他完全忽视社会的基本准则, 把脚露出来让大家看。A. explain解释;B. keep保持;C. change改变;D. ignore忽略。结合生活实际可知, 穿鞋出门是正常的社会规则, 句中这个人没有穿鞋, 很明显是忽视了社会规则。故选D项。8. A. seriousB. generousC. dangerousD. famous【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这是一个疯狂的并且易怒的危险人物。A. serious严肃的;B. generous慷慨的, 大方的;C. dangerous危险的;D. famous著名的。根据后文“crazy and bad-tempered”, 推测这个人应该是危险的人。故选C项。9. A. requireB. preventC. loseD. bear【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:Winson在椅子上转过身去, 并且紧抱着胳膊以防止与这个人有任何可能性的触碰。A. require需要;B. prevent阻止;C. lose失去;D. bear承受。根据下文“Winsons shrinking. ”可知Winson退缩的目的是防止自己与这个人接触。故选B项。10. A. spaceB. timeC. challengeD. suggestion【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:然而, 这个男的占领了因Winson退缩而空出来的空间。A. space空间;B. time时间;C. challenge挑战;D. suggestion建议。根据常识可知, Winson退缩腾出来的是空间。故选A项。11. A. sellB. repairC. throw outD. find out【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:他看着他的赤脚说, “我不得不卖掉我的鞋”。A. sell卖;B. repair修复;C. throw out扔掉;D. find out找出, 查明。根据下文“I just got it for her at the cost of a pair of shoes”可知为了买蛋糕, 他要卖掉鞋子。故选A项。12. A. ideaB. bagC. birthdayD. toy【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意:他解释, “今天是我小女儿的生日”。A. idea想法;B. bag书包;C. birthday生日;D. toy玩具。根据下文“Shes seven today. All she wanted was a cake. ”可知今天是他小女儿的生日。故选C项。13. A. ageB. nameC. mottoD. photo【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:她今天七岁了, 她想要一个上面有她名字的蛋糕。A. age年龄;B. name名字;C. motto座右铭;D. photo照片。根据下文It was a small white cake with the letters “A-m-e-l-i-a” on the top. 可知蛋糕上面是人的名字, 由此推测, 女孩想要一个上面有自己名字的蛋糕。故选B项。14. A. pushed awayB. took outC. looked throughD. cleaned up【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:出于好奇, Winson透过袋子去看那个蛋糕。A. pushed away推开;B. took out拿出、取出;C. looked through看穿, 浏览;D. cleaned up清理, 打扫。结合上文“putting a plastic bag between them”可知, 这个人是用塑料袋装着蛋糕, 推测Winson是透过塑料袋看这个蛋糕。故选C项。15. A. sorrowB. interestC. embarrassmentD. kindness【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:意识到Winson对他感兴趣, 这个人说, “蛋糕很漂亮, 对吗?” A. sorrow悲伤;B. interest兴趣;C. embarrassment害羞;D. kindness 仁慈, 善良。根据上文“Out of curiosity. ”可知, 他感到Winson对自己赤脚的原因感兴趣。故选B项。16. A. soB. ifC. butD. as【解析】选D。考查关系代词。句意:如你所见, 我卖掉鞋买了蛋糕。A. so因此;B. if如果;C. but但是;D. as正如。as you can see意为“如你所见”, as“正如”。故选D项。17. A. songB. storyC. lectureD. voice【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意:他的声音听起来他就要哭了。A. song歌曲;B. story故事;C. lecture讲座;D. voice嗓音。根据该句中“sounded like”和前面这个人所说的话可知这个人的声音听起来快要哭了。故选D项。18. A. raisedB. buriedC. hitD. shook【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:Wison抬起头, 看着这个陌生人的眼睛。A. raised提高、抚养, 饲养;B. buried埋葬;C. hit打击, 袭击;D. shook摇动, 震动。结合上文“Out of curiosity. Winson _the bag to see the cake. ”及后文“met the strangers eyes”, 可知之前Winson一直低头看蛋糕, 可推测, 此刻他应该抬起头看陌生人的眼睛。故选A项。19. A. whiteB. lovelyC. disabledD. dirty【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这是一双善良而漂亮的眼睛, 和他光着的并且脏的脚形成了鲜明的对比。A. white白色的;B. lovely可爱的;C. disabled丧失能力的;D. dirty脏的。根据上文可知这个人一直是赤脚, 所以他的脚会很脏。故选D项。20. A. ashamedB. confidentC. fondD. afraid【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:Winson仅仅是因为这个人没有鞋穿而对这个人错误的判断让他感到羞愧。A. ashamed害羞的;B. confident自信的;C. fond喜欢的;D. afraid害怕的。根据后文“bad judgement”可知Winson对这个人判断错误, 所以他感到惭愧。be ashamed of意为“对感到惭愧”。故选A项。【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来推敲最佳选项。同学们要遵循上下求索的原则来查找信息。如第11小题, 猜测这个男人必须怎么做才能买蛋糕, 根据下文“I just got it for her at the cost of a pair of shoes”可知为了买到蛋糕, 他要卖掉鞋子。故选A项。. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In 2018, the American Cancer Society released 1. _ alarming report. It notes 20 percent of clinical(临床的)trials fail because of insufficient patient enrollment(登记)and that 56 percent of patients 2. _ (seek)care will not have a clinical trial in their immediate area. But so far, the COVID-19 pandemic 3. _ (force)our system to start addressing significant flaws and find ways to evolve to make sure the “process” helps patients. First, we need to remove geographic barriers that prevent patient 4. _ (participate)in trials. After COVID-19 struck, we had several patients concerned about their ability 5. _ (travel)to our trial site to receive care. Instead of discontinuing their trials, we were able to transition their study tests to a local hospital and conduct their regularly 6. _ (schedule)visits via telemedicine. A second step is improving 7. _ we connect patients with clinical trials. Historically speaking, clinical trials place a massive amount of pressure 8. _ physicians to identify qualified patients. The process can be slow and inefficient and may result in more misses than 9. _ (hit)when it comes to finding the right patients for a study. So, enter artificial intelligence(AI). AI can improve the patient identification timeline by nearly 90 percent, and 10. _ (virtual)eliminates human disruption and potential misses caused by pandemics or other variables. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要指出了20%的临床试验失败的原因是患者登记不足, 56%的寻求治疗的患者不会在其所在地区进行临床试验等问题, 并就这些问题提出了解决办法。1. 【解析】an。考查冠词。句意:2018年, 美国癌症协会发布了一份令人担忧的报告。report为可数名词, 此处表示泛指, alarming发音以元音音素开头, 需用不定冠词an。故填an。2. 【解析】seeking。考查非谓语动词。句意:报告指出, 20%的临床试验失败的原因是患者登记不足, 56%的寻求治疗的患者不会在其所在地区进行临床试验。分析句子结构, will not have为谓语动词, 空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语, patients和seek为主谓关系, 需填现在分词形式。故填seeking。3. 【解析】has forced。考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:但到目前为止, 新冠肺炎疫情已迫使我们的系统开始着手解决重大缺陷, 并找到改进的方法, 以确保“进程”帮助患者。根据时间状语so far可知, 此处使用现在完成时, 主语为单数名词, 谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has forced。4. 【解析】participation。考查名词。句意:首先, 我们需要消除阻碍患者参与试验的地理障碍。patient为名词作定语, 所以这里需要用名词作宾语。故填participation。5. 【解析】to travel。考查非谓语动词。句意:在新冠肺炎爆发后, 有几名患者担心他们是否有能力前往我们的试验地点接受治疗。名词ability后面需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to travel。6. 【解析】scheduled。考查非谓语动词。句意:我们没有停止他们的试验, 而是能够将他们的研究测试转移到当地的一家医院, 并通过远程医疗对他们进行定期的访问。conduct为谓语动词, 空处需填非谓语动词作定语, schedule和逻辑主语visits之间为动宾关系, 需填过去分词形式。故填scheduled。7. 【解析】how。考查宾语从句。句意:第二步是改善我们将患者与临床试验联系起来的方式。空处引导宾语从句, 从句缺少方式状语, 需用连接副词how引导。故填how。8. 【解析】on。考查介词。句意:从历史上讲, 临床试验给医生带来了巨大的压力, 要求他们识别出合格的患者。place pressure on. . . 为固定短语, 意为“把压力施加在上”。故填on。9. 【解析】hits。考查名词。句意:在为研究寻找合适的患者时, 这个过程可能会缓慢而低效, 可能会导致更多的失败而不是成功。hit和misses并列, 需填名词复数形式作宾语。故填hits。10. 【解析】virtually。考查副词。句意:人工智能可以将识别患者的时间轴提高近90%, 并在实质上消除了由流行病或其他变量造成的人为干扰和潜在漏诊。空处修饰动词eliminates, 需用副词形式。故填virtually。. 短文改错(2021长治模拟)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(), 并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。Gardening is an activity where you have to get your hands dirtily. I try my luck with a spade several times, added a few more plant variety to my garden each year. I know how to do this because of my grandfather, that loved gardening and took the great pride in those peas and carrots grown in his backyard. The entire backyard was devoted his plants. I now had a house and a garden of his own. Last summer my tomato plants gave us dozens of grape-sized tomatoes. I often think back to my grandfather garden. He passed away years ago, but I have ever forgotten to allow the new roots to grow in my garden. 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在爷爷的影响下爱上了园艺, 即使在爷爷过世之后也仍然不忘在自己的花园种植新的植物。1. 【解析】第一句dirtilydirty。考查形容词作宾语补足语。句意:园艺是一项会让你不得不把手弄脏的活动。根据句意可知, dirtily在句子中充当hands的补足语, 补充说明手是脏的, 考查的是形容词作宾语补足语。故将dirtily改为dirty。2. 【解析】第二句addedadding。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知, 句中已有谓语动词try, 没有连词, 可知这是一个简单句, 所以可推断add充当非谓语动词;add与逻辑主语I之间是主动关系, 表示主动要用现在分词形式。故将added改为adding。3. 【解析】第二句varietyvarieties。考查名词复数。variety意为“种类”, 是可数名词;根据前面修饰可数名词复数的a few可知, variety应该用复数形式。故将variety改为varieties。4. 【解析】第三句thatwho。考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意:我知道如何种植是因为我的爷爷, 他热爱园艺并对他在后院种植的豌豆和胡萝卜感到非常自豪。根据句意可知, “that loved gardening and took the great pride in those peas and carrots grown in his backyard”是对my grandfather的补充说明, 所以这是非限制性定语从句;先行词my grandfather指人, 在从句中充当主语;在非限制性定语从句中, 充当主语指人只能用关系代词who。故将that改为who。5. 【解析】第三句去掉the或将thea。考查固定搭配。