第03章数词高中高考英语知识汇总(真题+解析+教程+练习+答案).doc

第三章 数词
1. It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ____ journey. 【200北京春】
A. three-hour B. a three hour
C. a three-hour D. three hours
2. It is reported that the United States uses _____ energy as the whole of Europe. 【NMET2004全国III-33】
A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much
3．The house rent is expensive . I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying here . 【2003上海】
A．as three times much B．as much three times
C．much as three times D．three times as much
4.He did it ____ it took me. 【2003北京】
A. one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the time
5．______of the land in that district ______covered with trees and grass.【2000上海】
A.two fifth; is B.two fifth; are C.two fifths ; is D.two fifths; are
6. It is not rare in _______ that people _______ fifties are going to university for further education. 【1999上海】
A. 90s; the B. the 90s; /
C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their
7. _______ cave that George has discovered in his life time is near the Alps. 【1992上海】
A. The hundredth B. The hundred
C. Hundredth D. A hundredth
8. The hero of the story is an artist in his _______. 【1991】
A.thirtieth B.thirty C.thirtys D.thirties
9. Shortly after the accident, two _______ police were sent to the post to keep order. 【1992】
A. dozen of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozens of
10. China is _______ larger than the United States. 【1990上海】
A. one six B. one sixth C. one sixes D. one sixths
11. He looked quite healthy though he was_______.【1985上海】
A.in seventy B.in his seventies C.at seventies D.at the age of seventy
12. Mr. Smith _______ me to buy several _______ eggs for the dinner party. 【1992上海】
A. asked; dozen B. suggested; dozens of
C. had; dozen D. persuaded; dozens
13. Two_______died of cold last winter. 【1988】
A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people
C. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoples
答案与解析
1. C该题考查数词加名词构成的合成词的用法。three-hour中间需加连字符左前置定语，journey可数需加不定冠词a。题意：用了很长时间才到那里。那是三个小时的旅程。
2. D 该题表示倍数的用法。表示倍数的句型：①倍数+比较级+than…②倍数+ 同级比较（as/so+形容词/副词的原级（名词）+as…③倍数+the size(length, weight…) of…。据此应选B。句意：据报道美国所消耗的能源是欧洲所消耗总和的两倍。
3.D 考查倍数的表达方式，在表达倍数时，倍数都应位于原级或比较级之前，因此D正确。
4.D 该题考查数词的用法。数词one-third要放在名词前面，而名词time后面有定语从句it took me，故为特指，应当在他前面加定冠词the。因此，答案为D。题意：他做这件事用了我用时的三分之一。
5．C该题考查数词与主谓一致的用法。分数的表达式“基数词+序数词的复数”；land为不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数。句意：该地区五分之二的土地为草和森林所覆盖。
6. D该题考查数词的用法。在几十年代，在数词复数前加定冠词，即in the 90s；在某人多少多岁时，是在数词复数前加形容词性的物主代词，即：in one’s fifties。句意：九十年代人们五十多岁时上大学深造并不稀罕。
7. D该题考查数词的用法。序数词前加定冠词。乔治在他一生中所发现的第一百个洞穴是在阿尔卑斯山附近。
8. D该题考查数词的用法。在某人多少多岁时，是在数词复数前加形容词性的物主代词，即：in one’s thirties。句意：这个故事的男主人我翁是三十年代第一位艺术家。
9. C该题考查数词的用法。事故发生后不久，就有两打警察被派往现场维持秩序。
10.B该题考查数词的用法。分数是由“基数词+序数词”构成，如果基数词大于或等于2；序数词变复数。是一时序数词用单数。句意：中国比美国达六分之一。
11. B该题考查数词的用法。在某人多少多岁时，是在数词复数前加形容词性的物主代词，即：in one’s seventies。句意：虽然他已经七十多岁了，他看上去很健康。
12. A该题考查数词的用法。dozen和具体数连用不用复数。句意：史密斯先生让我给他买些鸡蛋宴会上用。
13. B该题考查数词的用法。hundreds和具体数连用不用复数；people当作人们皆不加复数。句意：200老人去年冬天死于寒冷。
第二节 考点归纳
用来表示事物的数量和顺序的词是数词，数词分为基数词和序数词两种。它是高考常考内容之一。《2005年全国考试说明》附录 语法项目表中对数词考查列了两项：1）基数词2）序数词。
一、基数词
表示数量的词叫基数词。1---12的基数词是独立单词;13---19的基数词都是以-teen结尾的，要注意thirteen，fifteen，eighteen的拼法稍有不同;20一90的十位数，以后缀-ty结尾，要注意twenty，thirty，fifty，eighty的特殊点。如下表：
1---12
13---19
20一90
百、千、百万、十亿
1→one
2→two
3→three
4→four
5.five
6→six
7→seven
8→eight
9→nine
10→ten
11→eleven
12→twelve
13→thirteen
14→fourteen
15→fifteen
16→sixteen
17→seventeen
18→eighteen
19→nineteen
20→twenty
30→thirty
40→forty
50→fifty
60→sixty
70→seventy
80→eighty
90→ninety
100→a hundred
1,000→a thousand
1,000,000→
a million
1,000,000,000→a billion(美)
a thousand million(英)
1.基数词的读法
1)三位数的读法:第一个数字+ hundred +and+后面的一位或两位数字。如:107→one hundred and seven;765→seven hundred and sixty-five。
2)1，000以上的数的读法:先从后向前数，每三位数加一个逗号，第一个逗号前的数字用thousand(千)，第二个逗号前的数字用million(百万)，用 "几十thousand"表示 "几万"，以 "几百thousand"表示 "几十万"，用 "几十million"表示 "几千万"，用"几百million"表示 "几亿"。如:13，789，653→thirteen million seven hundred and eighty-nine thousand six hundred and fifty-three。
2.数词的复数形式
1)表示几十岁时。如“二十多岁”说twenties，表示的是20岁到29岁。依次类推，thirties表示“三十几岁”，forties表示“四十几岁”，但“十几岁”不可说tens，而要说teens，指13岁至19岁。如:
He died in his thirties.
She is in her teens.
2)表示几十年代时，如：“二十世纪八十年代”写成1980s或1980’s，均读作nineteen eighties，指的是1980至1989年这十年间，需注意的是，年代用文字表示时则不可用-'s形式。如:
Great changes took place in the l970s.
History has entered the eighties.
3)表示不确定数目时，这时要在million，thousand，hundred等词后加上-s并与of连用，表示大约多至“数以……计”，但millions of等前不能再加基数词，却可加some，several等表示不确定数目的修饰语。如:
Millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun.
Some hundreds of new buildings have been put up here this year.
4)在分数中，当基数词(表示分子)大于one时，序数词(表示分母)要用复数，两者之间用不用连字符号均可。如:
Two thirds of the teachers in our school are women.
She has spent four-fifths of her money.
5)当基数词用作可数名词或用于某些固定词组中时，也要用复数。如:
How many sevens are there in forty-nine?
They arrived by twos and threes.他们三三两两的来了。
Wait a minute.I’ll be finished in two twos.请等一下，我马上就来
3．数词和名词单数一起作定语，中间用连字符连接。
a seven-year-old girl 一个七岁的女孩
a two-thousand-word article 一篇2千字的文章
4．当基数词和序数词同时修饰一个名词时，序数词一般放在基数词前；但如果序数词充当描绘性修饰时，则放在基数词后。
He is one of the first five students. 他是前五名的学生之一。
He won three first prizes. 他获得三次第一名。
二、序数词
表示数目顺序的词叫序数词序数词的构成规则,如下表：
范围
特点
实例
特殊情况
1--19
基数词词尾加th
fourth, sixth, seventh
第一、第二和第三的序数词分别是first，second和third; eight在变为eighth时少了一个字母t；nine在变为ninth时去掉了一个字母“e”; 以“ve”结尾的基数词变序数词时，须将“ve”改为“f”，然后再加“th”。five→fifth，twelve→twelfth
20,30, -- 90
各十位数字变y为i后加th

twenty→twentieth，
thirty→thirtieth
sixty-nine→sixty-ninth

21-29
31—39
91-99
只须变个位的基数词为序数词
twenty-tw→twenty-second
forty-four→forty-fourth
sixty-nine→sixty-ninth

1.序数词前不用定冠词的情况
1)表示顺序的语气很弱，具有“又一”、“再一”的意思时，其前要用不定冠词，不用定冠词。如:
l.He cast the net a second time.
2.A third bullet passed.
2)序数词前己有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格或every时，不用定冠词。如:
l.He made his first set in an old box.
2.Berlin in 1929 held a public celebration on Einstein’s fiftieth birthday.
3)在表示分数的序数词前不用定冠词。如:
From then on Bashi toured three-fourths of Beijing.
Two-thirds of the area is covered by trees.
4)数词与名词构成复合名词时，不用定冠词。如:
There is a first-class hotel over there.
He went to a second-hand bookshop.
5)序数词用作副词时，不用定冠词。如：
Why did the captain first hesitate in letting the boy risk climbing the tree?
First come，first served.
6)在一些由序数词构成的固定词组里不用定冠词。如:
1.at first 2.first of al1 3.from first to last
三、数词的功能
1．表小数、分数和百分数
1.小数点读作point,零读zero或nought。小数点后的数字按个位基数词依次读出。如：
3.4→three point four,0.2→zero(nought)point two,0.03→zero point zero three,3.458→three point four five eight
2.百分数由基数词后直接加percent(per cent)构成。如:
20%→2Opercent(per cent)
3.分数由基数词 (分子)和序数词 (分母)合成。分子大于l时，表分母的序数词要用复数形式。如:
1/3→one/a third 2/3→two thirds
但1/2一般用a/one half;1/4用a/one quarter或one fourth。
3.表示几分之几 (或百分之几)的人或物时，须在分数 (或百分数)和人或物间加of。若充当主语，谓语动词的数须与of后的名词的数保持一致。如:
One third of the students are girls.1/3的学生是女生。
Sixty percent of her income was spent on clothes.她收入的60%花在了服装上。
但当表示人口的几分之几 (或百分之几)作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如:
The population in China is very large, and eighty percent of it are farmers.
中国的人口众多，其中80%是农民。
2．表加减乘除
1.加法的表达法
如表达“几加几是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基数词＋and/plus+基数词？”；如表达“几加几等于几”，可用“基数词＋and+基数词＋is＋基数词”。如：
What/How much is seven and eight?7加8是多少？
Seven and eight is fifiteen. 7加8等于15。
2．减法的表达法
如表达“几减几是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基数词＋minus+基数词如表达“几减几等于几”，可用“基数词＋minus+基数词＋is＋基数词”。
3.乘法的表达法
如表达“几乘几是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基数词＋times+基数词？”；如表达“几乘几等于几”，可用“基数词＋times+基数词＋is＋基数词”。
4.除法的表达法
如表达“几除以几是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基数词＋divided by+基数词？”；如表达“几除以几等于几”，可用“基数词＋divided by+基数词＋is＋基数词”。
3．表时间
1.用数字表达法来表示几点几分时，分钟数在后，并且不可使用quarter, half。如：
8:15 eight fifteen(不能说：eight a quarter)
10:30 ten thirty(不能说：ten half)
2.使用介词past表示“几点过几分”，用to表示“几点差几分”时，分钟数放在介词前。
11:25 twenty-five past eleven(=eleven twenty-five)
6:40 twenty to seven(=six forty)
3.past,to前的分钟应小于三十分钟（如果正好是三十分，应用half）。如：
5:55 five to six=five fifty-five(不能说fifty-five past five)
5:30 half past five=five thirty(不能说：thirty past five或five half)
4．数词用于编号
表示编号，可以用基数词，也可以用序数词，即:事物名词(不加冠词)+基数词;the+序数词十事物名词。如:
Lesson Twelve=the Twelfth Lesson 第十二课
Part One→the First Part第一部分
World War I=the First World War第一次世界大战
如英语编号中数字较长，一般用基数词表示。如:
Room 506 第五0六号房间 page 265 第二百六十五页
Telephone NO.8297976 电话号码8297976
5．表倍数
两倍：twice 两倍以上：基数词+times
This classroom is twice as big as that one.
The house is three times bigger than that one
四、数量名词的单复数形式
1. hundred，thousand，million的用法
当前面有数词以及many，several等词修饰时，这三个词用单数形式，后面直接跟复数名词。当这几个词前面没有数词而后面有of时，则一定要用复数形式，表示数百、 数千等笼统的数目概念。如:
two hundred students 200名学生
several thousand enemies 几千敌人
hundreds of dollars 数百美元
millions of ants 数百万蚂蚁
2. score(二十)，dozen (打; 十二个)的用法
1)当dozen与基数词或many,several等连用时，不加“-s”，所修饰的名词前常省去of。但是，在a dozen of these people, two dozen of them等短语中应加of。这是因为习惯上在these, those, us等词前该用dozen of的缘故。
two dozen books 两打书 two (many,several)dozen pencils 两打（几打）铅笔
some dozen people是“若干打的人（几十个人，许多人）”。
2) score意为“二十”。two score of people中应加of，但three score and ten people，“70人”中不加of。scores of people意为“许多人”。上述这两个词的复数形式与of连用时，表示不确切的数量，意为"许多……"，"大量的……"。如:
for dozens of years 好几十年以来
scores of years ago 许多年前
scores of times 许多次
第三节 巩固提高
1.----Have you seen_______workers pass by?
----Yes，I've seen_______them.
　A. woman; hundreds of B. women; hundreds of
　C. woman; two hundred of D. women; hundreds
2.Having done three experiments without rest，they were __out to go on with______one.
　A. so tired;a fourth B. so tiring ;the fourth
　C. too given;the fourth D. too worn;a fourth
3.----What's the date today?
　----It's __________.
　A. Sunday B. August the ninth　C. the first of May D. October fifth
4.Hainan is _____ island.
　A. China's second largest B. the China's second largest
　C. the second China's largest D. China's the second largest
5.In her ______she began to take up writing.
　A. forties B. fourties C. fortieth D fourtieth
6._______Summer Olympics was held in Barcelona in Spain
A. The Twenty-four B. Twenty-four C. The Twenty-forth D. Twenty-fourth
7.The Sao Paulo fire broke out _________February 4th，1974.
　A. in B. on C. at D. for
8.----How many new jobs can you give to the people here?
　----Three ______ and ______.
　A. hundred; eighty-six 　　B. hundreds; eighty-six
　C. hundred; eighty-sixth D. hundreds; eighty-sixth
9.----What time did finish your homework yesterday?
　----_______seven o'clock _____ the afternoon.
　A. On；in B. At；on C. At；in C. On；at
10.“Please turn to _________ and look at the text.”
　　A. Page 29 B. the page 29 C. a page 29 D. 29 page
11.He lives in _______.
　 A. Room 512 B.512 Room C. the 512 Room D. the Room 512
12.----How long is the bridge?
　 ----700__________.
　 A. meter long B. meters long C. meter longer D.meters longer
13.After a long walk we had _________ rest.
　　A. a few minute's B. a few minutes'　　C. few minute's D. few minutes'
14.The meeting has finally begun after ______.
　　A. two hours later B. two hours of absence
C. two hours' delay D. a delay of two hours
15.______of the rivers here have been polluted.
　　A. Two-third B. Two-thirds C. Two-three D. Second-third
16.The Second World War broke out in _______.
　　A. 1930's B. the 1930es C. The 1930's D.1930s
17.There are _____ of visitors in the exhibition every week.
　　A. tens of thousands B. about ten of thousands
　　C. about three thousands D. about three thousand
18.----What time is it now?
　 -----It's _______.
A. a quarter past half B. four eighteen
C. five past forty-two D. forty-two to five
19.I got to the station _______ than John.
　 A. five minutes later B. five minutes late
　 C. later five minutes D. late five minutes
20.Two _____ years ago he lived in the United Stares.
　 A. dozen B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozens of
答案：1. B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.D 15.B 16.C 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.A