2021届高考英语二轮复习-备考小题提升精练8-并列句和三大从句.docx

2021届高考英语二轮复习 备考小题提升精练8 并列句和三大从句

2021届高考英语二轮复习 备考小题提升精练8 并列句和三大从句

年级：
姓名：

并列句和三大从句
小题必练8：并列句和三大从句

常考考点：
定语从句
关系代词
who（主语）whom（宾语）that（主语/宾语）
which（主语/宾语）whose（所有格）
关系副词
when（时间）where（地点）why（原因）how（方式）
名词性
从句
连词
that，if，whether
连接代词
that，which，who，whom，whose，as，what，whether
连接副词
when，why，where，how（+ever）
连词
因果关系
because，as，since，so
转折关系
though，but
假设关系
if，unless
让步关系
though，although
时间关系
when，while，as，before，after，until，since
结果关系
so that，such that
比较关系
as...as，than

1.（2020·山东卷）They kept their collection at home until it got too big until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
【答案】or
【解析】考查连词。根据空格前的“until it got too big”与空格后的“until they died”，判断此处为选择关系，故填or。
2.（2020·山东卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,formed the core collection of the British Museumopened in 1759.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查连词。根据空格前的先行词the British Museum与空格后的谓语动词opened，判断此处为定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
3.（2020·浙江卷7月）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为连接代词。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
4.（2020·全国I卷）China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，从句“it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth”不缺主谓宾，缺状语，而先行词spot为地点，故填where。
5.（2020·全国II卷）Oranges: Orange trees are more decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
【答案】than
【解析】考查连词。句意：桔子树不只是装饰。more than表示“超过，不只是”，结合句意，故填than。
6.（2020·全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
7.（2020·全国III卷） he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
【答案】When/As
【解析】考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
8.（2019·全国II卷）Irene said，“I don’t see any reason to give up work. I work not because I have to, because I want to.”
【答案】but
【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not呼应，构成“不是……而是……”之意，故填but。
9.（2019·全国卷I）While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
10.（2019·浙江卷）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of clothgives off light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。

【技巧点拨】
当空格前后都是句子（一个主谓关系算一个句子），且这两个句子之间没有关联词时，填关联词；若并列的两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，填表示联合、选择、转折等意义的连词（and/but/so/or）；从属句间常依据句子的属性是名词性从句、形容词性从句还是副词性从句来确定其关联词。具体解题技巧如下：
第一步：分析结构，若两个句子（有两个主谓结构）之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连接词，空格必填连接词（此处的连接词包括：并列连词，如：and，but，or，while，so，for等；引导状语从句的从属连词；引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词和连词that，if，whether）。
第二步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或根据句式结构来确定是并列结构还是某种主从复合句。
第三步：若是主从复合句，要根据从句的特点，结合连词的意义和作用，确定填具体的某个连接词。

一、单句语法填空
1. He is the only person in his company ___________ is invited to the party.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：他是他公司里唯一一个被邀请参加聚会的人。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词person，且先行词前有the only修饰，所以填that。
2. Do you know the reason ________ she refused the invitation?
【答案】why
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：你知道她拒绝邀请的理由吗？分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the reason，且定语从句中缺少原因状语，所以填why。
3. The question remains __________ we can win the majority of the people.
【答案】whether
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句且意为：是否，故填whether。
4. We must make it clear __________ anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
【答案】that
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我们必须明白无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。分析句子结构可知，此句中it是形式宾语，代替后面的从句，且从句中不缺成分，故应用that。
5. We are living in an age ___________ the society develops rapidly.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：我们生活在一个社会快速发展的时代。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是an age，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，所以填when。
6. It is still under discussion ______ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
【答案】whether/if
【解析】考查主语从句连接词。句意：这个旧的公交车站是否应该被一个现代旅馆替代还在讨论中。still under discussion（还在讨论中）表明事情还没决定；且根据空后的or not可知填whether/if表示是否。故填whether/if。
7. ______ struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句连接词。句意：电影中最令我感动的是那位父亲对儿子深深的爱。分析句子结构可知，was之前为主语从句；主语从句中缺少主语，且表示“什么”，故用What引导。故填What。
8. The news ______ they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。分析句子结构可知，they had won the game说明The news的内容，因此该句为同位语从句，且从句不缺成分，故用that引导，所以填that。
9. When we go shopping online, we normally check several photos we decide to buy a product.
【答案】before
【解析】考查连词。句意：当我们网上购物时，在决定购买产品之前，我们通常会查看几张照片。根据句意，买东西之前看照片，是时间上的先后关系，故用连词before连接，故填before。
10. Make sure you have done a proper warm-up before you play basketball, you may get injured in the match.
【答案】or
【解析】考查连词。句意：确保打篮球之前进行适当的热身，否则你可能会在比赛中受伤。or“否则”，根据句意，故填or。

二、语法填空
Passage 1
Small talk changes 1(slight) when you’re with strangers as opposed to people at a business function or party. Chatting with strangers gives you practice for those times in life 2 you’ll need to make a really great 3(impress). If you’re used to 4(talk) with people on a routine basis, you won’t make mistakes when you’re nervous. Here are some icebreakers.
One skill to open up small talk is to praise the accessories(配饰) someone 5(wear). Avoid making 6 comment about someone’s clothing as if you are hitting on him or her. Making a sincere comment about an accessory is much more 7(accept).
You can also ask someone if they can suggest a good restaurant for lunch or dinner. Say something like, “I’m taking my friend to lunch for her birthday tomorrow. Do you know a goodplace?” 8“We need to find a fun but reasonably9(price) place to take my mom out for her birthday.Do you have a suggestion?”
They might recommend a restaurant and then add, “We go there all the time!” or “We just took my aunt there last week and she loved it.” You can ask them more questions10(base) on what they say, and this will help you continue the conversation.
【答案】
1. slightly 2. where 3. impression 4. talking 5. is wearing
6. a 7. acceptable 8. or 9. priced 10. based
【解析】本文为说明文，介绍了在生活中跟人聊天的方法。
1.考查副词。应用副词修饰动词change，意为轻微变化。
2.考查关系副词。该句中含有一个定语从句，where在从句中作状语。
3.考查名词。根据句子意思可知，这里要表达的是形成很好的印象，所以应该用名词。
4.考查动名词。短语be/get used to中的to是一个介词，所以后面的动词应用动名词形式。
5.考查动词时态。根据句意可知，这里要表达的是对别人的配饰称赞，应用现在进行时态。
6.考查冠词。comment是以辅音音素开头的可数名词，前面应用不定冠词a。
7.考查形容词。通过句意分析，比较级后面表示更容易接受的意思。
8.考查连词。根据句意可知此处应用or表示选择，意为或者。
9.考查形容词。这里要表达价格合理的地方，用过去分词作形容词修饰名词。故填priced。
10.考查过去分词。此处用过去分词作定语。故填based。

Passage 2
I am Simon and it is 5 pm on Live Radio, time for our 11(week) Mystery Pop Star Competition. The prize this week is not the usual CD or photograph 12 a chance for you and a friend 13(go) and see our mystery star’s next concert. Today’s mystery person 14(be) on the top music scene for many years. He was born 15 the 30th of March, 1945, and his grandparents gave him his first guitar 16 he was 17. What kind of music does he play? Well, although he has had some songs in the top 20, his music is really sad. He has had his share of 17(person) problems — he used drugs, his marriage broke up and then in 1991 his young son died when he fell from a building in New York. He wrote about his son’s18(dead) in his song Tears in Heaven, 19 was a big success at the beginning of the 1990s, a very sad song if you listen. OK, that’s all I am going to tell you. If you have got the answer, phone us now on 0107 8687. Two tickets are waiting for you...and now we have our caller 20(ring) in!
【答案】
11. weekly 12. but 13. to go 14. has been 15. on
16. when 17. personal 18. death 19. which 20. ringing
【解析】本文是一篇广播稿，讲述了Simon主持的一期“神秘流行歌手竞猜”活动。
11.考查形容词。空格处作定语修饰Mystery Pop Star Competition，故填weekly，意为“每周的”。故答案为weekly。
12.考查连词。设空处考查not...but...这一固定结构。故答案为but。
13.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知空处作后置定语，表将来的动作，故用to go。
14.考查时态。根据时间状语for many years和语境可知这里用现在完成时。故答案为has been。
15.考查介词。具体的某一天前面用介词on。故答案为on。
16.考查连词。当他17岁时，他祖父母给了他第一把吉他。空格处引导时间状语从句，故用when。
17.考查形容词。空格处修饰名词problems，故用形容词形式。答案为personal。
18.考查名词。空格处作about的宾语，并且由his son’s修饰，故应用名词。答案为death。
19.考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tears in Heaven，且在定语从句中作主语，故用which。
20.考查非谓语动词。空格处和caller是逻辑上的主谓关系，且表示动作正在进行，故用动词-ing形式。答案为ringing。

Passage 3
A Relay Event Brings Diverse Cultures Together
When Herman Kambugu received the good news he was expecting, he did something unusual. He ran for 32km in 21 (celebrate).Kambugu, who works for the Standard Chartered Bank(StanChart) in Uganda, was among the over 86,000 employees around the world who had attempted 22 (take) part in a relay across Belt and Road countries as a way to see how the Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路)is developing. Kambugu and seven more of his coworkers in StanChart’s offices around the world visited 44 destinations along the Belt and Road routes, 23 helped them understand the initiative better.
Kambugu 24 (witness) how the Belt and Road Initiative is changing life for 25 better in East Africa so far, “The Mombasa-Nairobi Railway has not only shortened transportation time, but also created over 20,000 jobs for local people in Kenya,”he said. Serena Leung from the Hong Kong office said 26 she had seen during her journey impressed 27 (she). In some places, people greeted them in Mandarin. They spoke it 28 (fluently) than some people from Hong Kong, she said jokingly.
“By running together, we run further,” added Therese Neo, a customer manager from the Singapore office. As she saw it, the countries 29 (participate) in the Belt and Road Initiative were like the 30 (runner). When they join forces, they have a better shared future.
【答案】
21. celebration 22. to take 23. which 24. has witnessed 25. the
26. what 27. her 28. more fluently 29. participating 30. runners
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“一带一路”沿线国家的接力赛跑让人们了解“一带一路”倡议的发展情况。
21.考查名词。句意：他跑了32公里以示庆祝。作介词in的宾语用名词，故填celebration。
22.考查不定式。句意：在乌干达渣打银行工作的坎布古是世界各地逾8.6万名试图参加“一带一路”沿线国家的接力活动，以了解“一带一路”倡议的发展情况中员工的一员。attempt to do表示试图去做，故填to take。
23.考查非限定性定语从句。句意：坎布古和渣打银行全球办公室的另外7名同事参观了“一带一路”沿线的44个目的地，这帮助他们更好地理解这一倡议。此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语，故填which。
24.考查时态。句意：坎布古见证了“一带一路”倡议迄今如何让东非人民的生活变得更好。此处强调过去的动作对现在的影响，根据so far可知应该用现在完成时，故填has witnessed。
25.考查定冠词。change...for the better表示“让……变得更好”，故填the。
26.考查主语从句。句意：香港办事处的梁淑芬说，她一路上所看到的景象给她留下了深刻的印象。此处为主语从句，从句中的seen缺少宾语，故填what。
27.考查代词。作动词impressed的宾语用宾格形式，故填her。
28.考查副词比较级。句意：他们的普通话说得比有些香港人还流利。than表明此处用副词比较级形式，故填more fluently。
29.考查非谓语动词。句意：在她看来，参与“一带一路”倡议的国家就像赛跑者一样。countries与participate之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作后置定语，故填participating。
30.考查名词复数。runner是可数名词，此处用复数表示泛指，故填runners。