2022版高考英语一轮复习-22-对社会有突出贡献的人物课时提能练.doc

2022版高考英语一轮复习 22 对社会有突出贡献的人物课时提能练

2022版高考英语一轮复习 22 对社会有突出贡献的人物课时提能练

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课时提能练(二十二)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
China is a large producer and consumer of rice.But，as a result of climate change, the amount of land available for rice growing in the country is shrinking.The concern has motivated scientists led by Yuan Longping, known as “the father of hybrid rice” ，to look for new ways of growing the grain.
Now they're celebrating successful efforts to grow rice—in sand and seawater. Rice is traditionally grown in soil and fresh water.Starting from January, according to the official Xinhua News Agency，the scientists have grown dozens of varieties of rice in the deserts of Dubai. They experimented with seawater because it is easier to obtain in the desert than fresh water.
China is not the only country facing the issue of overly salty soil. Around the world, there are around 2.35 billion acres of highly saline(含盐的) land. And the number is increasing because of rising sea levels and climate change.
“Probably only a small part of the world's saline land could be brought into production with seawater rice, but that would still have a very important effect on food security，” Even R. Pay, a senior analyst, said.
Yuan told Xinhua that one of the varieties of rice grown in Dubai produced over three tons per acre, which Yuan said was beyond expectations.
Rice is the basic food in many parts of the world. About 90% of rice consumption is from Asia, but demand in Africa and Latin America is on the rise.
A climate change researcher said the successful experiment could potentially benefit many countries.“This is a fantastic development, which is likely to have a good effect on agricultural resource and water­poor countries, particularly in North Africa region.”
Even though the cost of growing salt­tolerant rice is still high，it will also have strategic value once it's commercialized.
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了在“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平带领下的科学家们进行了在沙漠和盐碱地中种植水稻试验的故事。
1．What has caused the scientists to find new ways of growing rice?
A．The increase of rice consumers.
B．The high cost of rice producing.
C．The land shortage of rice growing.
D．The severe pollution of fresh water.
C　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“But，as a result of climate change...to look for new ways of growing the grain.”可知，能种植水稻的土地短缺促使科学家们去寻找种植水稻的新方法。]
2．Yuan's team have successfully grown rice in sand and seawater in __
A．China　　　　　 B．Dubai
C．Latin America D．North Africa
B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Starting from January...have grown dozens of varieties of rice in the deserts of Dubai.”和第五段中的“one of the varieties of rice grown in Dubai”可知，袁隆平的团队在迪拜成功地在沙漠和海水中种植了水稻。]
3．What can be inferred from the text?
A．About 90% of the rice is demanded and consumed in China.
B．The production of a new type of rice is larger than expected.
C．The increase of saline land is mainly caused by climate change.
D．Seawater is used in the experiment because it is cheaper to gain.
B　[推理判断题。根据第五段中的“one of the varieties of rice grown in Dubai produced over three tons per acre，which Yuan said was beyond expectations”可知，其中一种在迪拜种植的水稻产量为每英亩三吨多，这超出了人们的预料，故选B。]
4．What is the author's attitude to the rice­growing experiment?
A．Doubtful. B．Positive.
C．Critical. D．Disappointed.
B　[观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，作者对这种水稻种植的试验持乐观的态度。]
B
Susan Brownell Anthony was a lady ahead of her time.She fought for women's rights long before they became a popular issue.
Susan was born on February 15,1820，in Adams，Massachusetts.At that time，women had few rights.They could not own property.Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband.Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers.Women could not vote.
At the age of 15，Susan became a schoolteacher.She taught for 15 years.Then she began organizing women's groups to promote causes that were important to women.She helped gain better educational rights for women.She helped give married women possession of their earnings.
After the Civil War，Susan became very involved in the women's suffrage movement.After years of lecturing，writing，and appealing by Susan and other women，some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote.The first state was Wyoming in 1869.Other areas and states gradually followed Wyoming's decision.It was not until 1920 that the U．S.Constitution was changed to give all women voting rights.
Susan Brownell Anthony died in 1906 at the age of 86.She was elected to the Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1950.She was the first American woman to have a likeness(肖像)of her face on a coin.It was the 1979 Susan Brownell Anthony dollar.
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖Susan Brownell Anthony。她努力为妇女争取了财产权、投票权等权利。
5．What was the situation of American women like when Susan was born?
A．They had low social status.
B．They could vote after getting married.
C．They managed money for their husbands.
D．They were responsible for decision­making.
A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At that time，women had few rights.They could not own property.Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband.Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers.Women could not vote.”可知，在那时，女性没有什么权利，地位是低下的，故A项正确。B、C和D项均与此表述不符。]
6．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．Susan's teaching experiences.
B．Susan's educational background.
C．Susan's efforts to abolish slavery.
D．Susan's fighting for women's causes.
D　[段落大意题。通读第三段尤其是“Then she began organizing women's groups to promote causes that were important to women.”可知，本段主要讲述Susan Brownell Anthony 为争取女权而斗争的情况，故D项正确。]
7．What does the word “decision”in the fourth paragraph refer to?
A．Promoting the social movement.
B．Changing the U．S.Constitution.
C．Giving women voting rights.
D．Uniting other areas and states.
C　[词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句中的“some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote”可知，在Susan Brownell Anthony的努力下，美国一些地区修改了法律，给了妇女投票权；结合该段第三、四句“The first state was Wyoming in 1869.Other areas and states gradually followed Wyoming's decision.”可以判断，画线词指代“给妇女投票权”这一决定，故C项正确。]
8．What may be the best title for the text?
A．The first American woman to invent coins
B．The problem of women's rights in the U．S.
C．The most popular women organizations
D．A pioneer in fighting for women's rights
D　[标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖Susan Brownell Anthony。她为妇女争取了财产权、投票权等权利。据此可知D项最适合作文章标题。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
My name is Miranda Gibson. I have been at the top of a tree for five months now.Some people might wonder 1 on earth I would choose to do that.
I have walked through this forest many times. On 12 December 2011， 2 rolled into the forest and the destruction (摧毁) began.I couldn't 3 the thought that these forests would be 4 forever.So, on 14 December 2011, I packed up my life， 5 of my job plans, and climbed 60 meters to the top of this tree.I have been here ever since.
Life in the tree top can be 6 at times. I have times when I feel frustrated(沮丧) and wish I could 7 ，to anywhere, just have a 8 of scenery for a minute! There are times too, when I feel terribly 9 .I miss my friends and family. 10 these times, I find myself loving the 11 .
Living on the tree has been inspiring. I am willing to 12 up here for as long as it takes， 13 I honestly hope it won't be too 14 before I can put my feet on the ground below and stand in a forest that will never be 15 .
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者为保护森林，反对砍伐，在树上生活了五个月的经历和感受。
1．A.why　　　 B．when　　
C．how　　 D．where
A　[根据语境可知，此处指一些人可能想弄明白作者究竟为什么选择这样做，故选why。]
2．A.water B．animals
C．machinery D．tourists
C　[根据下文中的“rolled into the forest and the destruction(摧毁) began”可知，此处指的应是机器(machinery)开进森林，开始伐木，摧毁森林。]
3．A.bear B．help
C．keep D．spare
A　[这些森林将永远消失的情况作者想都不敢想。bear“承受，忍受”符合语境。]
4．A.sold B．stolen
C．protected D．lost
D　[参见上题解析。]
5．A.grew out B．fell short
C．ran out D．let go
D　[因此，在2011年12月14日，作者放弃了自己的生活，放弃了工作计划，爬了60米到达树顶。let go of“放弃，摒弃”，符合语境。]
6．A.refreshing B．risky
C．challenging D．rewarding
C　[根据下文中的“I have times when I feel frustrated(沮丧)．..miss my friends and family.”可知，树上的生活是具有挑战性的。]
7．A.get up B．get away

C．give in D．give up
B　[作者有时会感到沮丧，她想逃离到任何地方，换个风景看看。]
8．A.change B．look
C．search D．touch
A　[参见上题解析。]
9．A.confused B．nervous
C．sorry D．lonely
D　[根据下文中的“I miss my friends and family”可知，作者有时会感到非常孤独，故选lonely。]
10．A.Beyond B．Without
C．Despite D．Unlike
C　[尽管会有这些“不愉快”的时候，但作者发现自己还是挺喜欢这种经历的。]
11．A.height B．experience
C．background D．position
B　[参见上题解析。]
12．A.return B．stop
C．stay D．hide
C　[根据上文中的“Living on the tree has been inspiring”及下文中的“for as long as it takes”可知，住在树上是鼓舞人心的，作者愿意在这上面待很长时间。]
13．A.but B．though
C．because D．so
A　[根据语境可知，前后句存在语义上的转折关系，故用but。]
14．A.soon B．long
C．near D．bad
B　[作者真的希望不久之后她能够脚踩下面的土地，站在这片永远不会被砍伐的森林中。long“长时间的”，符合语境。]
15．A.moved B．logged
C．burned D．missed
B　[参见上题解析。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·绵阳市诊断性考试)Li Na is recognized with the highest honor in her profession.She became the first Asian­born player 1.________(head) to the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2019.
It cannot cover all 2.________ Li endured to reach the top of the tennis world. As for her, it means everything—the 3.________ (tear), the tough times, and the pains. Everything 4.________(pay) off.
Tennis has been a dynamic stage for some of the most 5.________(influence) people in sports, from Arthur Ashe to Serena Williams. Li Na is a worthy member of that Hall—a modest woman from China, whose impact in Asia is the 6.________(great)．
When Li began playing tennis at 8, most people in China did not even know what the sport was. But when she 7.________ (win) the 2011 French Open to become China's first Grand Slam (大满贯) singles champion, millions of people in China watched 8.________ final on television.
Before that, people thought Asian players were not suitable 9.________ tennis. Li Na, with her 10.________(determine) and pioneering courage, made people realize it is reachable.
【语篇解读】　本文讲述了网球运动员李娜不畏艰辛，刻苦努力，最终成为亚洲最具影响力的女子网球运动员，并于2019年入驻国际网球名人堂的故事。
1．to head　[考查非谓语动词。被only，the first，the second，the last，the next或其他序数词和最高级形容词修饰的名词，常用动词不定式作定语。]
2．that　[考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，修饰不定代词all。当先行词为不定代词时，定语从句的引导词只能用that。]
3．tears　[考查名词的单复数。tear作名词时，意为“眼泪”，为可数名词，常用其复数形式。]
4．pays/has paid　[考查一般现在时或现在完成时。pay off意为“成功，奏效”。此处表示李娜所付出的一切都奏效了，可用一般现在时表述客观存在的情况；此处也可用现在完成时表示李娜所有的付出对当前的影响。]
5．influential　[考查词性转换。修饰名词people要用形容词，故填influential。]
6．greatest　[考查形容词的最高级。根据第一段第二句中的“the first Asian­born player”和语境可知，李娜在亚洲的影响力是最大的。故填great的最高级形式greatest。]
7．won　[考查一般过去时。根据下文中的“the 2011 French Open” 可知，这里是说李娜赢得了2011年法国网球公开赛的冠军，应用一般过去时，故填won。]
8．the　[考查冠词。此处final作名词讲，意为“决赛”，特指2011法国网球公开赛的决赛，故要用定冠词the。]
9．for　[考查介词。be suitable for意为“适合”，是固定搭配。]
10．determination　[考查词性转换。根据空前的her以及空后的连词and可知，此处与名词词组pioneering courage并列，故填determine的名词形式determination“决心”。]