形容词的比较级和最高级.doc

形容词的比较级和最高级 英语中的形容词通常用三种形式来表达事物的等级差别，分别是原级、比较级和最高级。大部分形容词的比较级和最高级是通过变化词尾来实现的，属于规则变化，但也有少数是不规则变化。 英语中有些形容词说明形状、材质等，还有形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，故而没有比较级和最高级。常见的有：right 正确的 wrong 错误的 excellent 最好的 final 最后的last 最后的 possible 可能的 first 第一的 east 东方的empty 空的 wooden 木制的 impossible 不可能的 favourite 最喜欢的round 圆的 golden 金色的 square 方的一、 比较级和最高级的构成1. 规则变化（1） 单音节和少数双音节形容词变化规则如下： 1）单音节词末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级） 【例】 原级 比较级 最高级 great greater greatest small smaller smallest clean cleaner cleanest 2）单音节如以e结尾，只加-r（比较级），-st（最高级） 【例】 fine finer finest nice nicer nicest wide wider widest 3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单音节词，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er（比较级），-est（最高级） 【例】 big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest 4）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，将y变为i， 加-er（比较级），-est（最高级） 【例】 happy happier happiest easy easier easiest heavy heavier heaviest funny funnier funniest 5） 以-er，ow，-ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级） 【例】 clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest able abler ablest (2)其他双音节词和多音节词在词前加more（比较级），most（最高级）【例】tired more tired most tired interesting more interesting most interesting difficult more difficult most difficult(注意：A：有词根加ly构成的形容词，在词前加more（比较级），most（最高级）如friendly-friend+ly构成, friendly more friendly most friendly； B：以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest,untidy-untidier-untidiest ) 2.不规则变化形容词的不规则变化如下： 原级比较级最高级good/well betterbestbad/illworseworstlittle/ fewlessleastmuch/manymoremostfarfarther更远的（只指距离) further 更远的（指距离）；更深入的（指程度）farthest;furthestoldolder 较老的，较旧的；长辈的(指年龄、新旧、血缘）；elder长辈的（只指血缘）oldest;eldest 二、 比较级的用法（1） 高于或低于另一方的比较运用“比较级+than”的结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。即 ： 物体A + am / are / is + 形比 + than + 物体B. She is more beautiful than my sister. 她比我的姐姐漂亮。 This bottle is bigger than that one. 这瓶子比那瓶子大。(2)比较级+and+比较级 这种结构表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长，意为“越来越.”。 She is becoming fatter and fatter. 她变得越来越胖。 It is getting warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和。三、最高级的用法1. 表示在三者或三者以上中程度最高最高级是表示在三者或更多者中程度最高的比较形式。此时应运用形容词的最高级，其句式为：the+形容词最高级+（名词）+表示范围的短语或从句,即：物体A + am / are / is + the + 形最高级 + （名词）+比较范围（of + 人/物，in +地方）Lucy is the most beautiful girl in her school. 露西是她学校最漂亮的女孩。Jim is the thinnest of the three boys. 吉姆是这三个男孩中最瘦的。2. “最.”的其他表达方法。（1） 运用比较级表达最高级的概念。 Ann is taller than any other girl in her class. Ann is taller than the other girls in her class. Ann is taller than the rest of girls in her class. 以上三句表达的意思等同于最高级的含义：Ann is the tallest of the girls in her class. 安是她们班上最高的女生。四、比较级和最高级的修饰语1. 比较级的修饰语 修饰比较级的常用语和短语主要有： much(.得多）,a lot（.得多）, a little（.一点）, a bit（.一点）, twice（.两倍）, five times（.五倍）等。 Do you feel much better today than yesterday? 你今天感觉比昨天好很多了吗？2. 最高级的修饰语常用的最高级的修饰语有序数词the first，the second等以及almost(差不多，几乎）, nearly（差不多，几乎）。Africa is the second largest continent. 非洲是第二大洲。Amys writing is almost the best of all the students. 在所有学生中，艾米的书写几乎是最好的。五、需要注意的情况1. 使用比较级时常见的错误（1） more 不可修饰比较级，但是much可以用来加强比较级，意为“.的多”、“更.”。She looks more younger than I. ()She looks much younger than I. ()(2) 比较的对象或范围出现错误。The weather of Shanghai is hotter than Beijing. ()(比较的对象应该是北京的天气，而不是北京）The weather of Shanghai is hotter than that of Beijing. ()上海的天气比北京的热。China is larger than any country in Asia. () (出现了逻辑上的错误，中国就是亚洲的一个国家，应当排除在外)China is larger than any other country in Asia. () 中国比亚洲别的国家要大。2.形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the,而以下几种情况一般不需要加定冠词the:（1）形容词最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等限定词修饰时,最高级前不用the。如:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。（2）形容词最高级在句中作表语而比较范围又不明确时,最高级前不用the。如:They are happiest on Saturdays.他们在星期六最快乐。（3）如果两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时,第二个形容词最高级前不加the。如:He is the youngest and tallest boy in his class.他是班上年龄最小、个子最高的男孩。 练习形容词比较级和最高级(一）一、写出下列单词的反义词1. hot 2.new_ 3. clean_ 4. high_ 5. heavy_ 6.cold_ 7. bad_二、写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级1. old _ _ 2. busy _ _ 3. thin _ _4. many _ _ 5. slow _ _ 6. delicious _ _三、用适当形式填空：1. Bob is_ ( young ) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred.2. Yingtian is not as _ (tall) asYongxian.3. Almost all the students faces are the same but Li Deming looks _ (fat) than before .4. Which is _ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?5.- How _ (tall) is Sally? - She s 1.55 metres _ (tall). What about Xiaoling? - She s only 1.40 metres _ (tall). She is much _(short) than Sally. She is also the _ (short)girl inthe class.6. He is _ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _ (bad) at English.7. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world.8.He is one of the_(friendly) people in the class, I think.9. A dictionary is much _ (expensive) than a story-book.10. An orange ia a little _ (big) than an apple, but much _ (small) than a watermelon.11.Miss Chen is _ _than Mr. Wang. (popular)12. Mr. Lin _ _ _ Mr. Brown. (sad)13. The basketball _ _ _ the baseball. (big)14. Question A _ _ _ _ Question B. (important)15. A rose _ _ _ _ a weed(野草). (beautiful)16. Toronto is _ _ city in Canada. (large)17. Playing computer games is_ _ _ of all the activities.(interesting).18. The Nile(尼羅河) is _ _river in the world. (long)19. Good health is _ _ _thing life. (important)20. Taking a taxi is _ _ way to get to the airport. (easy)21. Test 1 is _ _ _of all the tests. （difficult）22. He is _than any other boy in the class.（clever）23. She is_ than all the other students. (young)24. The window is _ _ of the two. (narrow)25. Where is the _bus-stop? (near)26. He is one of _ _ _Politicians. (famous)27. Tom drives much _ _than John. (careful)28. The white flower is _(beautiful). The yellow flower is _ _ (beautiful)than the white flower. The red flower is the _ _ of the three.四、 选择题1. She is _ than _ . A. busier / us B. busier / we C. more busy / us D. more busy / we2. Jane is _ than Betty. A. less taller B. less tallest C. less tall D. not as tall3. China is _ country in the world. A. the third largest B. the largest third C. the third large D. a third largest4. -Which is _ season in Beijing?-I think its autumn.A.good B.better C.best D.the best5- Which is_ , the sun, the moon or the earth?- Of course, the moon is.A.small B.smaller C.smallest D.the smallest6.The air in Beijing is getting much _ now than a few years ago.A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest7. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _ than before.A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest8I study English as_as my brother.A.hard B. harder C. hardest9. Which is _ , a bicycle or a computer?A. expensive B.more expensive C.the most expensive10. The Yellow River is one of _rivers in China. A long B longer C the longest11.She is the second _student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. talles形容词比较级和最高级（二） 一、用括号里的词的适当形式填空。 1. Tom can jump _(high). He jumps _(high) than the other boys inhis class. 2. Janet sing _(well) in her class. She can sing _(well) than her music teacher, too. 3. My father is _(handsome). But my brother is _(handsome) than him. He is _(handsome) in my family. 4. I have _(many) books in my class. But my teacher has _(many) books than _(I). 5._(they) house is much _(old) than _(we). 6. _(she) dances _(well) than _(he). 7. _(he) house are _(small) of the four. 8. Does _(she) mother get up _(early) than _(you)? 9. Which eats _(many), the mouse, the dog or the horse? 10. Are _(we) going to play football with _(they)? 二 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式： long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _ heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _ far_ _ happy_ _ unhappy_ _三.用所给词的正确形式填空： 1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever). 2. Gold(黄金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁). 3. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I. 4. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child. 5. The _ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones. 6. The short one is by far _ expensive of the five. 7. The boy is not so _ (interesting) as his brother. 8. Dick sings _ (well), she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings_(well) in her class. 9. She will be much _ (happy) in her mew house. 10. This dress is _ that.(twice, asas, expensive) 四.选择填空： 1 He feels _ today than yesterday. A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired 2. Which do you like _, coffee, tea or milk? A. the worst B. worse C. the worse D. worst 3. Of the two toys, the child chose_. A. the expensive one B. one most expensive C. a least expensive D. the most expensive of them 4. The line is _ than that one. A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer 5. The earth is _ the moon. A. as 49 times big as B. 49 times as bigger as C. 49 times as big as D.as big as 49 times 6. The book is _ of the two. A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest 7. She looks _ than she does. A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older 8. The garden is becoming _. A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler 9. They competed（比赛） to see who could work _. A. the fastest and best B. the faster and the better C. fastest and better D. faster and better 10._ hurry, _speed. A. More, less B. Much, little C. The more, the less D. The much, the little 五.翻译句子： 1本书跟那本书一样有趣。 This book is _ _ _ that one. 2 你游泳没有你弟弟好。 You cant swim _ _ _ your brother. 3 今天比昨天冷的多。 It is _ _ today_ it was yesterday. 4 对这个故事我比另一个喜欢的多。 This story is _ _ _ than that one. 5 他比我大两岁。 He is _ _ _ than I. 6 这个故事不如那个有趣。 This story is _ _ _ than that one. 7 她的身体状况一天天好起来。 He is getting _ _ _ every day. 8.他对英语越来越感兴趣。 He is becoming _ _ _ _ _ English. 9.他吃的越多，人越胖。 The more he eats, the _ he gets. 10.你的问题是两个中比较难的那个Your question is _ _ _of two. 六、用适当形式填空： 1. Bob is _ ( young ) than Fred, but _ (tall) than Fred. 2. Alice is not as _ (tall) as Mike. 3. Li Deming looks _ (fat) than before after the summer holidays. 4.Which is _ (heavy), a hen or a chicken? 5.- How _ (tall) is Sally? - She s 1.55 metres _ (tall). What about Xiaoling? - She s only 1.40 metres _ (tall). She is much _ (short) than Sally. She is also the _ (short) girl in the class. 6. He is _ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _ (bad) at English. 7. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world. 8. He is one of the_(friendly) people in the class, I think. 9. A dictionary is much _ (expensive) than a story-book. 10. An orange is a little _ (big) than an apple,but much _ (small) than a watermelon. 11. The Changjiang River is the _ (long) river in China. 12. Sue is a little _ (beautiful) than her sister. 13. My room is not as _ (big) as my brother s. 14. -How difficult is physics? -I m not sure. - Is it _ (difficult) than maths?- I don t think so. 15.- Annie plays the piano very _ (well). - Sue plays it _ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the _ (well). 16. Saturday is my _ (busy) day in a week. 17. Her mother is getting _(fat) and _ (fat). 18. I think it s too expensive. I d like a _ (cheap) one. 19. He comes to school much _ (early) than I. 20.This book is not as _ (interesting) as that one. 21. Your classroom is _(wide)and _(bright) than ours. 22. Practise as _ (much) as you can. 23. The _ (much), the _ (good). 24. Nowadays(现在) English is _( important ) than any other subject, I think. 25. Most of the students think a lion is much _(dangerous) than a bear and it is the _ (dangerous) animal in the world. 26. The apples in the other shop are and .(cheap; good) 27. Many of the stars are so away that we cant see them. (far) 28. The Yangtze River is very (long) .In fact, its river in China (long) 29. My brother is two years _(old)than me.30. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is. 31. Who is_(thin),you or Helen? Helen is. 32.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 33.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 34.Which is_(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 七、翻译句子： 1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。_ is _than Jim？ _are 2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan._ _ than David? Gao Shan _. 3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_ pencil is_,_or_？_is,I think. 4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。 _apples _ _,your _