形容词的比较级和最高级.doc

形容词的比较级和最高级
英语中的形容词通常用三种形式来表达事物的等级差别，分别是原级、比较级和最高级。大部分形容词的比较级和最高级是通过变化词尾来实现的，属于规则变化，但也有少数是不规则变化。
英语中有些形容词说明形状、材质等，还有形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，故而没有比较级和最高级。常见的有：
right 正确的 wrong 错误的 excellent 最好的 final 最后的
last 最后的 possible 可能的 first 第一的 east 东方的
empty 空的 wooden 木制的 impossible 不可能的 favourite 最喜欢的
round 圆的 golden 金色的 square 方的

一、 比较级和最高级的构成
1. 规则变化
（1） 单音节和少数双音节形容词变化规则如下：
1）单音节词末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）
【例】 原级 比较级 最高级
great greater greatest
small smaller smallest
clean cleaner cleanest

2）单音节如以e结尾，只加-r（比较级），-st（最高级）
【例】 fine finer finest
nice nicer nicest
wide wider widest

3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单音节词，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）
【例】 big bigger biggest
hot hotter hottest
fat fatter fattest

4）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，将y变为i， 加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）
【例】 happy happier happiest
easy easier easiest
heavy heavier heaviest
funny funnier funniest

5） 以-er，ow，-ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级） 【例】 clever cleverer cleverest
narrow narrower narrowest
able abler ablest
(2)其他双音节词和多音节词在词前加more（比较级），most（最高级）
【例】tired more tired most tired
interesting more interesting most interesting
difficult more difficult most difficult

(注意：A：有词根加ly构成的形容词，在词前加more（比较级），most（最高级）如friendly----friend+ly构成, friendly more friendly most friendly；
B：以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy----unhappier----unhappiest,　　untidy-untidier----untidiest )

2.不规则变化
形容词的不规则变化如下：
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/ill
worse
worst
little/ few
less
least
much/many
more
most
far
farther更远的（只指距离) further 更远的（指距离）；更深入的（指程度）
farthest;
furthest
old
older 较老的，较旧的；长辈的(指年龄、新旧、血缘）；elder长辈的（只指血缘）

oldest;
eldest

二、 比较级的用法
（1） 高于或低于另一方的比较
运用“比较级+than”的结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。
即 ： 物体A + am / are / is + 形比 + than + 物体B.
She is more beautiful than my sister. 她比我的姐姐漂亮。
This bottle is bigger than that one. 这瓶子比那瓶子大。

(2)比较级+and+比较级
这种结构表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长，意为“越来越...”。
She is becoming fatter and fatter. 她变得越来越胖。
It is getting warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和。

三、最高级的用法
1. 表示在三者或三者以上中程度最高
最高级是表示在三者或更多者中程度最高的比较形式。此时应运用形容词的最高级，其句式为：the+形容词最高级+（名词）+表示范围的短语或从句,即：
物体A + am / are / is + the + 形最高级 + （名词）+比较范围（of + 人/物，in +地方）
Lucy is the most beautiful girl in her school. 露西是她学校最漂亮的女孩。
Jim is the thinnest of the three boys. 吉姆是这三个男孩中最瘦的。

2. “最......”的其他表达方法。
（1） 运用比较级表达最高级的概念。
Ann is taller than any other girl in her class.
Ann is taller than the other girls in her class.
Ann is taller than the rest of girls in her class
以上三句表达的意思等同于最高级的含义：
Ann is the tallest of the girls in her class. 安是她们班上最高的女生。

四、比较级和最高级的修饰语
1. 比较级的修饰语
修饰比较级的常用语和短语主要有：
much(...得多）,a lot（...得多）, a little（...一点）, a bit（...一点）,
twice（...两倍）, five times（...五倍）等。
Do you feel much better today than yesterday?
你今天感觉比昨天好很多了吗？

2. 最高级的修饰语
常用的最高级的修饰语有序数词the first，the second等以及almost(差不多，几乎）, nearly（差不多，几乎）。
Africa is the second largest continent. 非洲是第二大洲。
Amy’s writing is almost the best of all the students.
在所有学生中，艾米的书写几乎是最好的。

五、需要注意的情况
1. 使用比较级时常见的错误
（1） more 不可修饰比较级，但是much可以用来加强比较级，意为“...的多”、“更...”。
She looks more younger than I. (×)
She looks much younger than I. (√)

(2) 比较的对象或范围出现错误。
The weather of Shanghai is hotter than Beijing. (×)
(比较的对象应该是北京的天气，而不是北京）
The weather of Shanghai is hotter than that of Beijing. (√)
上海的天气比北京的热。
China is larger than any country in Asia. (×) (出现了逻辑上的错误，中国就是亚洲的一个国家，应当排除在外)
China is larger than any other country in Asia. (√) 中国比亚洲别的国家要大。

2.形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the,而以下几种情况一般不需要加定冠词the:
（1）形容词最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等限定词修饰时,最高级前不用the。如:
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。

（2）形容词最高级在句中作表语而比较范围又不明确时,最高级前不用the。如:
They are happiest on Saturdays.他们在星期六最快乐。

（3）如果两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时,第二个形容词最高级前不加the。如:
He is the youngest and tallest boy in his class.他是班上年龄最小、个子最高的男孩。

练习
形容词比较级和最高级(一）
一、写出下列单词的反义词
1. hot      2.new________  3. clean________ 4. high________  
5. heavy______   6.cold_______   7. bad______
二、 写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级
1. old ______  ________    2. busy ______  _______ 3. thin ________  ________
4. many _____  _____ 5. slow ________ _____ 6. delicious _________ ______
三、用适当形式填空：
1. Bob is ________ ( young ) than Fred but __________ (tall) than Fred.                          
2. Yingtian is not as ___________  (tall) asYongxian.                                            
3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _______ (fat) than before . 
4. Which is _________  (heavy), a hen or a chicken?              
5.-- How  _________ (tall) is Sally?             
  --  She' s 1.55 metres  ________  (tall). What  about Xiaoling?                               
  -- She' s only 1.40 metres ______ (tall). She is much _______(short) than Sally. She is also the _______ (short)girl in the class.                                         
 6. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the   _________ (bad) at English.                       
 7. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.             
 8.He is one of the_________(friendly) people in the class, I think.
9. A dictionary is much _________ (expensive)  than a story-book.
10. An orange ia a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.
11.Miss Chen is __________ _________than Mr. Wang. (popular)
 12. Mr. Lin ________ ________ _________ Mr. Brown. (sad)
 13. The basketball _______ ________ ________ the baseball. (big)
 14. Question A _______ ________ _________ ________ Question B. (important)
15. A rose ________ ________ __________ ________ a weed(野草). (beautiful)
16. Toronto is __ ______ city in Canada. (large)
17. Playing computer games is______ _____ _____ of all the activities.(interesting).
18. The Nile(尼羅河) is ______ ________river in the world. (long)
19. Good health is _______ _______ ________thing life. (important)
20. Taking a taxi is ______ _______ way to get to the airport. (easy)
21. Test 1 is _____ _______ _________of all the tests. （difficult）22. He is ________than any other boy in the class.（clever）
23. She is_______ than all the other students. (young)
24. The window is ________ ________ of the two. (narrow)
25. Where is the ________bus-stop? near) 
26. He is one of ________ ________ _______Politicians. (famous)
27. Tom drives much ________ ________than John. (careful)
28. The white flower is ________(beautiful). The yellow flower is ______ _______ (beautiful)than the white flower. The red flower is the _____ ______ of the three.
四、 选择题
 1. She is ________ than ________ .
    A. busier / us B. busier / we C. more busy / us D. more busy / we
 2. Jane is ________ than Betty.
    A. less taller B. less tallest C. less tall D. not as tall
 3. China is ________ country in the world.
    A. the third largest B. the largest third C. the third large D. a third largest
 4. -Which is ____ season in Beijing?
　　-I think it's autumn.
　　A.good            B.better           C.best               D.the best
5．- Which is__________ , the sun, the moon or the earth?
　　-- Of course, the moon is.
　　A.small          B.smaller           C.smallest           D.the smallest
6.The air in Beijing is getting much _____ now than a few years ago.
A. clean        B. cleaner         C. cleanest             D. the cleanest
7. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _____ than before.
　　A. cheap      B. cheaper        C. cheapest             D. the cheapest
8．I study English as_______as my brother.
A.hard   B. harder  C. hardest
9. Which is _____ , a bicycle or a computer?
A.  expensive  B.more expensive  C.the most expensive
10. The Yellow River is one of ______rivers in China.
   A   long  B longer  C the longest
11.She is the second _______student in our class.
   A. tall    B. taller    C. talles

形容词比较级和最高级（二）
一、用括号里的词的适当形式填空。
1. Tom can jump _______(high). He jumps _______(high) than the other boys in
his class.
2. Janet sing _______(well) in her class. She can sing ______(well) than her music teacher, too.
3. My father is ______(handsome). But my brother is ________(handsome) than him. He is ______(handsome) in my family.
4. I have ______(many) books in my class. But my teacher has _____(many) books than ____(I).
5.______(they) house is much ______(old) than ______(we).
6. _____(she) dances _______(well) than ______(he).
7. _____(he) house are _____________(small) of the four.
8. Does _____(she) mother get up __________(early) than ______(you)?
9. Which eats _____(many), the mouse, the dog or the horse?
10. Are ______(we) going to play football with ______(they)?
二． 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：
long_____ ______ wide ______ _______ fat ____ _____
heavy____ ______ slow ______ _______ few____ _____
far____ _____ happy_____ ______ unhappy________ ______
三.用所给词的正确形式填空：
1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______ (clever).
2. Gold(黄金) is ______ (little) useful than iron(铁).
3. My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I.
4. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _____ (young) child.
5. The _____ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones.
6. The short one is by far _______ expensive of the five.
7. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother.
8. Dick sings _____ (well), she sings ______(well) than John, but Mary sings______(well) in her class.
9. She will be much ______ (happy) in her mew house.
10. This dress is ______ that.(twice, as…as…, expensive)
四.选择填空：
1． He feels _____ today than yesterday.
A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired
2. Which do you like _____, coffee, tea or milk?
A. the worst B. worse C. the worse D. worst
3. Of the two toys, the child chose_____.
A. the expensive one B. one most expensive
C. a least expensive D. the most expensive of them
4. The line is ____ than that one.
A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer
5. The earth is _____ the moon.
A. as 49 times big as B. 49 times as bigger as
C. 49 times as big as D.as big as 49 times
6. The book is ____ of the two.
A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest
7. She looks _____ than she does.
A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older
8. The garden is becoming ______.
A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful
C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler
9. They competed（比赛） to see who could work _____.
A. the fastest and best B. the faster and the better
C. fastest and better D. faster and better
10.______ hurry, _______speed.
A. More, less B. Much, little C. The more, the less D. The much, the little
五.翻译句子：
1．本书跟那本书一样有趣。 This book is _____ _____ _____ that one.
2． 你游泳没有你弟弟好。 You can’t swim _____ _____ _____ your brother.
3． 今天比昨天冷的多。 It is _____ ______ today______ it was yesterday.
4． 对这个故事我比另一个喜欢的多。 This story is _____ ______ _____ than that one.
5． 他比我大两岁。 He is _____ ______ ______ than I.
6． 这个故事不如那个有趣。 This story is _____ _____ _____ than that one.
7． 她的身体状况一天天好起来。 He is getting _____ ______ ______ every day.
8.他对英语越来越感兴趣。 He is becoming ______ _____ _______ _____ ______ English.
9.他吃的越多，人越胖。 The more he eats, the _______ he gets.
10.你的问题是两个中比较难的那个Your question is _______ ______ _____of two.
六、用适当形式填空：
1. Bob is ______ ( young ) than Fred, but ______ (tall) than Fred.
2. Alice is not as ______ (tall) as Mike.
3. Li Deming looks ______ (fat) than before after the summer holidays.
4.Which is ______ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?
5.-- How ______ (tall) is Sally?
-- She' s 1.55 metres ______ (tall). What about Xiaoling?
-- She' s only 1.40 metres ______ (tall). She is much ______ (short) than Sally. She is also the _______ (short) girl in the class.
6. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the ______ (bad) at English.
7. Annie says Sally is the ______ (kind) person in the world.
8. He is one of the_________(friendly) people in the class, I think.
9. A dictionary is much _________ (expensive) than a story-book.
10. An orange is a little ______ (big) than an apple,but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.
11. The Changjiang River is the _______ (long) river in China.
12. Sue is a little ___________ (beautiful) than her sister.
13. My room is not as _________ (big) as my brother' s.
14. --How difficult is physics?
--I' m not sure.
-- Is it _ (difficult) than maths?
-- I don' t think so.
15.-- Annie plays the piano very ___________ (well).
-- Sue plays it _____ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the __________ (well).
16. Saturday is my _________ (busy) day in a week.
17. Her mother is getting ____________(fat) and __ (fat).
18. I think it' s too expensive. I' d like a _____________ (cheap) one.
19. He comes to school much ____________ (early) than I.
20.This book is not as _____________ (interesting) as that one.
21. Your classroom is __________(wide)and ___________(bright) than ours.
22. Practise as __________ (much) as you can.
23. The ________ (much), the ____________ (good).
24. Nowadays(现在) English is __________( important ) than any other subject, I think.
25. Most of the students think a lion is much ________(dangerous) than a bear and it is the __________ (dangerous) animal in the world.
26. The apples in the other shop are and .(cheap; good)
27. Many of the stars are so away that we can’t see them. (far)
28. The Yangtze River is very (long) .In fact, it’s river in China (long)
29. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.
30. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.
31. Who is___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.
32.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.
33.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..
34.Which is___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig?
七、翻译句子
1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。
________ is _________than Jim？ ________are
2、谁比David更强壮？是
Gao Shan.________ _________ than David? Gao Shan ________.
3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。
_________ pencil is_________,______or________？________is,I think.
4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。
______apples _____ _____,your ____