IT-句型结构.doc

IT 句型结构：
1. It is + 被强调部分 + that ..   该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that 之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that 可以由 who 换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。
It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her.
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...  该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语 “直到……才……”，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。
It was not until her mother came back that she went to bed.= Not until her mother came back did she go to bed.= She didn’t go to bed until her mother came back
3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain) that  该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句，常译为 “ 清楚（显然，真的，可能的，肯定……）”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he's round and tall like a tree. = That he's round and tall like a tree is very clear.   It is certain that he will come.
4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ...  该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。
It is important that we (should) learn English well. 　
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
It is strange that he have so many friends here.

5. It is+ 过去分词 +that 从句
It is reported that there will be a concert this Saturday night.
It is said that the novel has been translated into several foreign languages.
该句型常为: It is said/hoped/thought/supposed/ known / reported /announced /decided /believed /…that…等, 该句型常可以转换成含有宾语从句的复合句或者含有不定式作主语补足语的简单句。
eg: 据说汤姆已经回国了。
It is said that Tom has come back from abroad.= People say that Tom has come back from abroad. =Tom is said to have come back from abroad.
6. It is suggested ( ordered, required  ) that  该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为“ 据建议有命令”。
It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.
It was ordered that he ( should ) arrive there in two hours.
7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ...  该句型中，that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing(should)happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
8. It + is/was + one's turn (duty, pleasure, a pity, great fun, a habit, time, a rule, a shame, no wonder) + to do sth.
It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow.明天轮到你值日了。
It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。
It's a pleasure to work with you. 和你一起工作真令人高兴。
It's a good habit to get up early and go to bed early. 早睡早起是好习惯。
9. It is time ( about time , high time ) that ...  该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“是（正是）……的时侯……”。
It is time that children should go to bed.  = It is time that children went to bed.
10. It is the first ( second  ) time that … 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。主句的谓语动词的时态是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去；it 有时用 this 替换，常译为“是第一（二）……次……”。
It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.
It was the first time that I had been there.
11. It is … since ...  该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。
It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died.
12. It is ... when ...  该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候，是…”。  It was 5 o'clock when he came here.
13. It happens (seems, looks, appears ) that... 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen, seem 等词是不及物动词．
It happened ( so happened ) that he met her in the street.   碰巧……
It seems that he will be back in a few days   看来……
14. It takes (sb.)some time to do sth.“（某人）花……时间做某事”  该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。
It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
It took me three hours to finish the work.我花了三个小时才做完这工作。
15. It + cost/costs + sb. + some money + to do sth.某人花多少钱做某事”
It cost me 80 Yuan to buy the dictionary. 我买这本词典花了 80 元钱。
16. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )
It is no good learning English without speaking English.
17. It doesn't matter whether ( if ) ... 该句型中whether (if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为“不论是否）.. 没关系
It doesn't matter if they are old.  It doesn’t matter whether he will come (or not.)
18. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 某人做某事如何  该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of 引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有: bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good (好心的), honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教养的), polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong (错误的)等。这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth.  It is kind of you to say so.= You are kind to say so.
19. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 某人做某事如何  该句型与上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for 引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：① important, necessary, natural  ② easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, unusual, rare, impossible, pleasant 等。在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写：
It is important for her to come to the party.=It is important that she (should) come to the party
20. It looks ( seems ) as if ... 该句型中it 无意义。 as if  引导一个状语从句。常译为，“看起来好象…… ＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气．
It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）　It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病）
It seemed as if he were dying.
21. We think it important to learn a foreign language.
该句型中的it 作形式宾语。该句型为：（6123结构）
 6 常用动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel ； 1 指的是形式宾语it ； 2 指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词 ；3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that 引导的宾语从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. 　
  He felt it important learning English well. 　
  They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
it句型巩固练习：

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