高考英语基础写作专题期末复习.doc

学海无涯苦作舟
书山有路勤为径
2007年高考英语新题型专题复习
基础写作
——句子结构准确，内容完成、连贯
（A studying plan）

新星高级中学 熊德智

前言：2007年广东省高考英语试卷结构已经作出重大改革，其中作文题由原来的1篇变成2篇、分数由原来25分增加为40分，与阅读（含信息匹配）等值，因而有专家认为“得写作者得天下”。
I. Decide whether the following passage is a good writing.（Students are required to read aloud together or read silently individually）
I am in great need of your help. I am filling in my wills about universities soon, including my faviourite Zhongshan University, but I am wondering which one should be put first. The former one recruits more students than the latter one, which seems to give me more hope to go there. However, it takes 1 hour to go to Zhongshan University by bus while only 20 minutes to Jinan University. What’s more, in Zhongshan University, all the courses are taught in Chinese as well as English. Compared to this, English is the only language used in Jinan University.
Looking forward to your advice and thank you very much.
Yours truly,
Du Li
(07潮州市质量检测卷, 收集于东莞教研网)
学生判断所读内容优劣的依据是：2007年《考试大纲说明》对基础写作的要求：1.句子结构准确 2.内容完整、连贯3._______笫3点不属于《考试大纲说明》中的内容，但学生应自主猜测（内容为“卷面整洁” ）
II. 如何做到句子结构准确？（学生主要从写作中常用的几种句型入手：简单句，复合句，并列句等）
1. 如果是简单句，句子结构是否符合简单句的5种基本结构。哪5种？
1),_________2),_________3),________4),_______5),________
（Key 1）
请从简单句的基本结构分析并找出下列句子中的错误（注意谓语部分）。
a. I afraid that I can’t pass the exam.
b. Most students against buying gate tickets when entering the park.
c. My favourite subjects including English and Chinese.
2. 如果是复合句，句子结构是否符合复合句的相关结构。
什么是复合句？_______________________________________(Key 2)
英语写作中常的复合句有：
A.名词性从句，包括1),_________2),_________3),________4),_______ (Key 3)
●常用的引导名词性从句的引导词：_________________________等。(Key 4)
●特别注意不要将that 和what混用，该如何区别？_____________________________(Key 5)
用that 和what填空。
1.It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
2._____ I need is more time.
3.My brother isn’t ___ he used to be.
4.____ he has become a rich man is known to all in our town. (Key 6)
B. 定语从句（常用关系代词：which…, that…, who…, whom…..,whose…, when…, where…, why…等）
C. 状语从句（常用引导词：when, where, before, after, because, so that, if , though, although, as if , as though, unless, as soon as, once…等）
●使用复合句时，注意引导词的运用。注意下列句中划线部分的错误。
a. Before went to bed, I used to watch TV for a while.

b. Though English is hard to learn, but I’ve managed to learn it well.
c. When stayed in the country , I made a foreign friend.
1.如果是并列句，检查并列连词(常用：and, but, however, nevertheless, while(而)，or, otherwise, for, so, therefore, not only…but also…, either… or…, both…and…, etc)是否使用正确，并列结构的主语和谓语有没有混用。
1).并列句与复合句的区别：(在括号内填上并列名或复合句)
a. Though English is difficult to learn, I’ve managed to learn it well.( )
b. English is difficult to learn, but I’ve managed to learn it well. ( )
(并列句是句与句之间的并列，对等，平行关系；复合句是包含与被包含的关系，即：主句包含从句、从句被主句包含)
2.在基础写作中，祈使句和感叹句用得比较少， 但如使用，必须做到结构正确（祈使句常以动词原形开头，e.g. Finish your homework quickly. Don’t eat snacks in the class.）如果是感叹句，请正确使用how , what e.g. How hard our English monitor studies! What a hard-working girl our English monitor is!
●试分析以下5个句子是否结构准确， 并找出句中的一处错误，在错误之处划线，并改正在后面横线上。
1.I’m Lu Shumin, and born in Dongguan in August 1988. __________________
此句结构为：_______________________________________
2.From 1994 to 2000，I studied in Dalang Primary school , going to Donghua Middle School of Dongguan the following one year, then I came to study in New Star School 5 years ago. __________________
此句结构为：_______________________________________
3.The main subjects included Chinese, maths, English, physics, politics, chemistry and computer that I studied at school. ________
此句结构为：_______________________________________
4.I like English and piano best or I am very good at them.
__________________
此句结构为：_______________________________________
5. In my spare time, not only do I enjoy listening to music, playing piano, but also I love driving a car. __________________
此句结构为：_______________________________________

III. 如何保证内容完整？
1.尽量利用好原材料的要点信息（按序给出的句子、列举的要点或提供的图片），以便节省时间。
2.据要表达的内容自己重新组织安排要点，尤其是表格题。
Example 1.（From潮州市质量检测卷），将笫一，笫二句合成一个要点。“梅州市位于广东东北部。总人口491万（2003年）。”写成：“Meizhou City is situated in the northeast of Guangdong Province with a population of 4.91 million.”
Example 2.
（From潮州市质量检测卷）
将笫四句拆分成二个句子。“客家人的祖先源自中原, 素来崇文重教。”写成“The ancestors of Hakkas migrated southward from Central China. Education has always been regarded as an important matter in the hakka community.”
Example 3：笫四部分表格中，“车程所需时间”一栏，用一个句子（However, it takes 1 hour to go to Zhongshan University by bus while only 20 minutes to Jinan University.），而“课程设置”一栏却拆分成二个句子（What’s more, in Zhongshan University, all the courses are taught in Chinese as well as English. Compared to this, English is the only language used in Jinan University）
附：07潮州市质量检测卷:
梅州市位于广东东北部。总人口491万人（2003年）。梅州市是著名的世界客都。客家人的祖先源自中原, 素来崇文重教。客家人行走天下，移民世界，且在海内外商界不乏成功者，因此有“东方犹太人”之称。
Meizhou City is situated in the northeast of Guangdong Province with a population of 4.91 million. It is the biggest of the Hakkas community in the country known as the Capital of hakkas. The ancestors of Hakkas migrated southward from Central China. Education has always been regarded as an important matter in the hakka community. Because of the Hakkas’ successes in business worldwide, they are regarded as Oriental Jews.
Looking forward to seeing you,.
Li Hua
（ 2006-2007学年度第一学期潮州市高三期末教学质量检测, 收集于东莞教研网）
拆分原则：有利于句子表达、保证内容完整。
IV. 如何保证内容连贯？
1.前后句应有一定的逻辑性（一般可以按给出的句子、列举的要点、提供的图片者或表格的栏目顺序）。
2.尽量用好句子与句子之间的过渡词（常用连接词：and, but, therefore, however, what’s more, besides, in addition, as a result, Firstly, secondly, for example, etc.）。
3.用好并列句中的并列连词(常用：and, but, however, nevertheless, while(而)，or, otherwise, for, so, therefore，not only…, but also…, either…, or…, both…, and…, etc)
请从引导词或过渡词的角度分析以下范文的的连贯性。并在横线上或括号中填适当的词。
Sentence 1._________________________________
Sentence 2.__________________________________.( )句1与句2之间的过渡词。
Sentence 3.__________________________________.( ) 句2与句3之间的过渡词。
Sentence 4.__________________________________.( ) 句3与句4之间的过渡词。
Sentence 5.__________________________________.( ) 句4与句5之间的过渡词。

假设你是杜丽，你马上工填报高考志愿了，现在你基本上目标已锁定两间大学作为笫一志愿， 但各有优缺点。潘老师是你最喜欢的老师之一，请用英语以书信形式向他咨询意见。下表是两间大学的一些相关情况。
学校
车程所需时间
要报考的专业
课程设置
中山大学
1小时
招生的人数多
中、英授课
暨南大学
20分钟
招生的人数少
全英授课
[写作要求]
1.信的开头和结尾已给出。
2.只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容；
[评分标准]
句子结构的准确性，信息内容的完整性和连贯性。
Dear Mr. Pan,
I am in great need of your help. I am filling in my wills about universities soon, including my faviourite Zhongshan University, but I am wondering which one should be put first. The former one recruits more students than the latter one, which seems to give me more hope to go there. However, it takes 1 hour to go to Zhongshan University by bus while only 20 minutes to Jinan University. What’s more, in Zhongshan University, all the courses are taught in Chinese as well as English. Compared to this, English is the only language used in Jinan University.
Looking forward to your advice and thank you very much.
Yours truly,
Du Li
V. 注意避免常犯的错误。如：一致（主谓、人称），时态，语态，非谓语动词，单词拼写，字母大小写（句首、专有名词〈包括人名、地名〉），连词等。
在后面横线上改正下面篇章中的划线部分的错误。(要求指出错误类型)
语篇改错
Dear Mr. Pan,
I am in great need of your help. I was filling in my wills about universities soon, 1._______
included my faviourite Zhongshan University, but I am wondering which one 2.______
should be put first. The former one recruits more student than the latter one, 3.
that seems to give him more hope to go there. However, it takes 1 hour to go 4.______
to Zhongshan University by bus while only 20 minutes to Jinan University.
What’s more, in Zhongshan University, all the courses taught in Chinese 5.______
as well as English. Compared to this, English is the only language used in
Jinan University. Look forward to your advice or thank you very much. 6.______
Yours truly,
Meizhou City is situated in the northeast of Guangdong Province with a population 7.
of 4.91 million. He is the biggest of the Hakkas community in the country known as the 8.______
Capital of hakkas. The ancestors of Hakkas migrating southward from Central China. 9.______
Education has always regarded as an important matter in the hakka community. 10.___
Because of the Hakkas’ successes in business worldwide, they are regarded as Oriental Jews.
Looking forward to seeing you,.
Li Hua
（Key 10）
VI. 写作训练
第一节：基础写作（15分）
请根据下面的信息提示，使用5个规范的英语句子描述所给的全部信息内容。
[信息提示]
假设你是李华，想申请到一家外资企业工作。对方要求你用英语写一篇短文，介绍自己的基本情况。短文包括下列全部内容。
姓名
李华
出生年月
1987年2月
出生地
广东省潮州市
学历
1994-2000 光明小学
2000-2006年7月潮州市第二中学
所学主要课程
语文、数学、英语、物理、化学、电脑
特长
英语、电脑
业余爱好
瓷器制作、集邮、流行音乐
[写作要求]
1.情况介绍必须采用短文形式；
2.只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容；
3.将5个句子组织成连贯的短文;
4.参考词汇：陶瓷 porcelain;
[评分标准]
句子结构的准确性；信息内容的完整性和连贯性。

(Key 11)

VII. 课后巩固：准确无误地熟记下列单词或词组并背诵句型。
单词或词组：
小学、 第二中学、 主要课程、省、市、语文、数学、英语、物理、化学、电脑、体育、政治、地理、历史、特长、业余爱好、集邮、流行音乐、被中山大学录取
句型：(要求结合自身情况灵活运用)
1．I’m …, born in … in /on…. 19__.
2. From 19__ to … ，I studied in … Primary school and I went to … Middle School( Senior High School) of …the following …years.
3．The main subjects I studied (study) at school included (include)…
4. I like … best and I am very good at them.
5. In my spare time, not only do I enjoy …, but also I love ….
6. It takes …hour(s) to go to Zhongshan University by bus/car/train/plane.
7. All the courses are taught in… as well as ….
8. … is the only language used in … University.
9. The former one recruits more students than the latter one, which seems to give me more hope to go there.
Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.
后记：亲的同学们，基础写作其实是任务写作的基石，只有基础写作中语言表达的优劣，影响的是40作文得分的高低。扎实地练吧！成功一定属于你们！！！

Key 1.SV 2. SVO 3.SVP 4.SVOO 5.SVOC
(S—Subject V—Verb/Predicate O—Object P—Predicative C—Complement
Key 2: 含有从句的句子叫做复合句
Key 3：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句
Key 4：that, if / whether, who(ever), whom(ever), whose, what(ever), which(ever), when, where, how, why, etc.
Key 5：1. What 引导的名词性从句时可有2种意义。
i. 保持原有的疑问句意义。e.g. I don’t know what he wants.
ii. “……东西”、“……事情（事物）” 相当于由“先行词+that 或 which “ 引导的定语从句(即what可被称之为兼先行词的关系代词)。
e.g. That’s what he wants.
2.选用that还是what要根据关联词在从句中是否担任成分而定，what 要担当成份，而that不做成份（引导名词性从句，本身没有词义），有时可以省略。
Key 6: 1. that 2. What 3. what 4. That
Key 7. a.复合句 b.并列句
Key 8.
1.I’m Lu Shumin, and born in Dongguan in August 1988. _去掉and或在后加I went________________
此句结构为：_____简单句__________________________________
2.From 1994 to 2000，I studied in Dalang Primary school , going to Donghua Middle School of Dongguan the following one year, then I came to study in New Star School 5 years ago. _______and went/ and I went ___________
此句结构为：____________并列句_________________________
3.The main subjects included Chinese, maths, English, physics, politics, chemistry and computer that I studied at 将that I studied at school放在. school. Subjects 后
此句结构为：_________________复合句______________________
4.I like English and piano best or I am very good at them.
___and_______________
此句结构为：________________并列句________________________
5. In my spare time, not only do I enjoy listening to music, playing piano, and I love driving a car. _____but also_______
此句结构为：______________并列句___________________________

Sentence 1.________but______which______________.
Sentence 2._____________which__________________.( )句1与句2之间的过渡词。
Sentence 3._____________while__________________.( However ) 句2与句3之间的过渡词。
Sentence 4.______________as well as_______________.( What’s more ) 句3与句4之间的过渡词。
Sentence 5.__________________________________.( Compared to this ) 句4与句5之间的过渡词。
（Key 10）
Dear Mr. Pan,
I am in great need of your help. I was filling in my wills about universities soon, 1._am______
included my faviourite Zhongshan University, but I am wondering which one 2._and_____
should be put first. The former one recruits more student than the latter one, 3.___students____
that seems to give him more hope to go there. However, it takes 1 hour to go 4.__which____
to Zhongshan University by bus while only 20 minutes to Jinan University.
What’s more, in Zhongshan University, all the courses taught in Chinese 5.___is taught___
as well as English. Compared to this, English is the only language used in
Jinan University. Look forward to your advice or thank you very much. 6.__Looking____
Yours truly,
Meizhou City is situated in the northeast of Guangdong Province with a population7._Guangdong____
of 4.91 million. He is the biggest of the Hakkas community in the country known as the 8.____It__
Capital of hakkas. The ancestors of Hakkas migrating southward from Central China. 9.__migrated____
Education has always regarded as an important matter in the hakka community. 10_has always been regarded_
Because of the Hakkas’ successes in business worldwide, they are regarded as Oriental Jews.
Looking forward to seeing you,.

Li Hua
Key 11.
I’m Li Hua, born in Chaozhou in February 1987. From 1994 to 2000 ，I studied in Guangming Primary school and I went to No. 2 Middle School of Chaozhou the following six years. The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer. I like English and computer best and I am very good at them. In my spare time, not only do I enjoy listening to music, collecting stamps, but also I love making porcelain .（83字）

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