初三英语被动语态知识点整理.docx

被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2） has /have been done 现在完成时 例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here．
4） was/were done 一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5） had been done 过去完成时 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6） was/were being done 过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8） should/would be done 过去将来时 例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 例The project will have been completed before July.
被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改 为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时， 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。 例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
It is said that+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有： It is said that„ 据说,It is reported that„据报道，It is believed that„大家相信，It is hoped that„大家希望，It is well known that„众所周知，It is thought that„大家认为，It is suggested that„据建议。 例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）

谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1. 英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sellread，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例 This kind of cloth washes well. 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 试比较：The door won't lock． （指门本身有毛病） The door won't be locked． （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）

2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？

3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例Your reason sounds reasonable 五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义

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