初中英语非谓语动词讲解.doc

非谓语动词之“动词不定式”详解非谓语动词就是不充当谓语的动词，分两种。一是动词不定式。二是动词ing形式。一、动词不定式1） 作主语 To learn English well is not easy. 或 It is not easy to learn English well. 说明动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：e.g. It is + adj.+ 动词不定式如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for+sb.e.g. It is + adj.+ for sb.to do sth.2）作表语（表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词的-ing形式、不定式、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell等词）之后。）e.g. My wish is to become a teacher.3）作宾语或者宾语补足语e.g. Most of us like to watch football matches.e.g. He told me to be here on time.4）作定语：e.g. I have nothing to say about that thing.5）作状语：e.g. He stopped to have a look.说明 动词不定式的否定形式：not + to + 动词原形构成e.g. He asked me not to make such a mistake.2、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语。e.g. (1) He doesnt know how to use the machine. (2) How to use the machine is a question. (3) The question is when to go there. 3、省去了to 的动词不定式1）let, have, make+do2）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find +to。注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。e.g. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.e.g. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.3）would rather，had better + do 4、动词不定式的特殊句型：1）tooto+to do： e.g. He is too excited to speak.2）enough to do： e.g. The child is old enough to go to school.3）Why not +do e.g. Why not take a holiday?4）so as (not) to do: 表示目的e.g. Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 5、不定式的难点：1）用作介词的“to”：比如说look forward to ; pay attention to; devote oneself tobe/get used to，后面都是+doing的！2）Its for sb.和 Its of sb.的区别二、动词ing形式：动词ing形式分为两种，一是动名词，二是现在分词1动词的-ing形式用作动名词：动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，它在句中起名词的作用，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。1）动名词作主语：e.g. Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动2）动名词作表语e.g. My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。3）动名词作宾语：e.g. Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。e.g. She cant help crying at a sad movie. 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。说明 有些动词和动词短语只能接动名词。e.g.admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, cant help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,。6）动名词作定语：动名词可以单独作定语，就像形容词一样。e.g. a smiling face 笑脸 swimming pool 游泳池 dining-car 餐车2动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observee.g.1）There we found him watching TV. 我们发现他在那儿看电视。 2）I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。 3动词ing形式和动名词之间的比较：下面这些动词，后面接不定式或动名词意思都是一样的： begin to dobegin doing continue to docontinue doingstart to dostart doing下面这些动词，后面接不定式或动名词意思是不一样的： stop to dostop doing forget to doforget doingremember to doremember doingtry to dotry doinggo on to dogo on doingbe afraid to dobe afraid doing 【专练】1. Dont forget _ the letter.A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 3. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow?A. this B. that C. it D. which4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke5. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it.A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil6. On my way home, I stopped _ some food.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought7. Li Yang advised me _ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking8. He _ two million yuan _a vase at the auction.A. spent, buy B. cost, buying C. paid, buy D. spent, buying9. The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him10. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 11. _ is one thing, _ is quite another.A. To say, to do B. Say, do C. Said, did D. To say, do12. Ill try _ the same mistakes again.A. to not make B. not make C. not to make D. not making13. Its too hard _ it by himself.A. not to do B. to do C. that I do D. doing14. Its time for sports. Lets _bowling, shall we?A. go B.to go C. going D. goes15. Mr. Zhou, youd better_ too much sugar. You are already overweight, said the doctor.A. not to eat B.to eat C. not eat D. eat1If you keep _(fight) with him, you may hurt yourself.2The students are busy _(prepare) for the coming exam.3His duty is _(save) the sick people.4I have nothing _ (send) you.5They were made _ (work) ten hours a day.6No one knows what _ (do) next.【提高题】I. 选择题。1. The doctor came_ our eyes. A. to examine B. for examining C. as to examine D. examining2. Our teacher always makes us _ hard. A. to work B. work C. working D. worked3. _ our classroom once a week is necessary. A. Cleaning B. Clean Cleaned D. To clean4. _ is our duty _ good service to customers A. That, to give B. This, giving C. It, to give D. It, giving5. It took years_ the highrise. A. for our building B. for us in building C. to build D. building6. Their wish is _ a house of their own. A. to have B. for having C. have D. of having7. The teacher agreed _ us_ the test papers home.A. to let, take B. to let, to take C. letting, take D. let, take8. When he saw I was in a hurry, he offered _ me his bicycle.A. lending B. lent C. to lend D. in lending9. I dont like_ people _about their neighbours.A. hear, talking B. to hear, talking C. to hear, to talk D. hearing, talked10. I havent decided _A. to take which train B. which to take a train C. which train to take D. which train taken11. You must remember_ me a phone call as soon as you get there. A. giving B. to give C. gave D. give12. Professor Brown taught his students_ English, and he learned _Chinese from them.A. how to speak, speaking B. how to speak, to speakC. how speaking, speaking D. how speak, to speak13. Sorry, I forgot_ you that the party wouldnt be held tonight. Thats all right. Mary has told me about it.A. telling B. I told C. told D. to tell14. I wonder_ him or not.A. if invite B. whether to invite C to invite D. if to invite15. I hope_ yourself.A. you to manage B. for you to manageC. you managing D. that you can manage16. Would you like _you the way there? Its kind of you. Thank you.A. me showing B. that I showC. me show D. me to show17. The old man said that hed prefer_alone in the country rather than live with his son in the city.A. living B. to live C. that he lives D. for him to live 18. I know Alice very well. I have seen her _ up from childhood.A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 19. Since nobody told her_, she came to our help. A. what she did B. to do what C. what to do D. what she to do20. My aunt showed me _.A. how to make a dress B. how a dress be made C. how making a dress D. how a dress made21. After she finished the exercises in the textbook, she tried_ more exercises_ .A. to find, to do B. finding, to do C. to find, she did D. finding, done22. The policeman told Smith _after drinking. A. to not drive B. not driving C. not drive D. not to drive 23. Tom kept quiet about his mistake_ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to24. Pat should love _ little Jim to the theatre this evening. A. to take B. taking C. that he would take D. for him to take 25. We enjoy _ very much, because it is good for our health.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran26. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot _.A. turn it off B. to turn it offC. that I turned it off D. that I should turn it off27. They were very tired and stopped_ under a big tree.A. resting B. to restC. rest D. that they would rest28. Would you mind me the answer to the problem? Not at all.A. that you tell me B. telling C. to tell D. if telling29. He promised_ a doctor for my son.A. me to get B. that he got me C. me getting D. me that he got30. Father told the boy _the dog a few bones after dinner.A. that he gave B. to give C. giving D. gave. 31._that money for his education, his parents worked hard even after their days work.A. For getting B. GetC. So as to get D. In order to get32. I think you are_ meals yourself.A. enough old to cook B. old enough to cookC. old enough for cooking D. enough old cooking33. The maths problem is_ difficult_.A. so, as to work out B. very , to work outC. too, to work out D. quite, worked out34. Last night I was so tired that I fell asleep soon. I didnt hear him in.A. coming B. came C. to come D. come35. Have you anything important_ us?A. to tell B. telling C. told us D. you tell 36. Do you know about Captain Ed Mitchell? 202 Yes. He was the sixth man _ on the moon.A. walking B. walked C. to walk D. of walking37. It is nice_her_so.A. for, to say B. for, sayingC. of, to say D. of, said38. Isnt it a nice way _the hard problem?A. to solve B. in solving C. solve D. solving39. Youd better_ her about her own health now.A. not to tell B. not tellC. to not tell D. to tell not40. What a coincidence! Dr. Brown happened_ the doctor I was looking for.A. he was B. being C. to be D. to beingII. 填空题。1. Factories do not let out dirty water_ (为了不污染河流).2. Her job is _. (照顾医院里患病的孩子)3. In the supermarket the college students learned_. (如何为顾客服务)4. There were so many toys that Judy didnt know_. (挑选哪一个).5. The only trouble is_. (如何保护这些电脑)6. He will save money _.(为了支付将来的大学费用)7. The nurse_ . (不允许孩子们玩火柴)8. This medicine will_.(帮你入睡)9. They will be sent_(到非洲当医疗队员).10. The boy asked his teacher_.(让他自己修理冰箱)11. The question is_. (是否让孩子们自己解决这个问题).12. This telephone is_. (足够小可以放进口袋)13. This book will tell you _. (如何使这台电脑储存信息)14. I _. （没有回答试卷上的最后一个问题）15. It is not easy _. (一个人戒烟)16. You can take a taxi there_ _. (而不是步行去)17. The underground train is _. (足够快可在20分钟内从我们学校行驶到体育场).18. The lecture hall is _.（太小容纳不下500个学生）19. Julia hurried to school_. (没有吃早餐).20. I told the students_. （不要将罐头和饮料瓶扔进河里）21. Thomas _. (有许多问题要问老师)22. Do you know the saying “_.” （活到老学到老）23.Jack saw _. (牛跑回来)24. Athens ran all the way_(把好消息告诉他的人民 ).25. He was the first man _. (骑骑自行车做环球旅行)26. They enjoy_. (爬山和野营 )27. As soon as the teacher entered, he asked_(我们停止讲话 ).28. _ (在一个半小时内做完这份试卷 ) is almost impossible.29. We were happy_. (看到他们回到营地)30. Would you mind _.？(我在你办公室打电话)答案：I.1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B10. C 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. D 16. D 17. B 18. A19. C 20. A 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. C37. C 38. A 39. B 40. CII.1. so as not to pollute the rivers2. to take care of the sick children in the hospital3. how to serve customers4. which to choose5. how to protect these computers6. so as to pay the college expenses in the future7. didnt allow the children to play with matches8. help you to go to sleep9. to work in Africa as members of a medical team10. to let him repair the fridge himself11. whether or not to let the children solve the problem themselves12. small enough to fit into a pocket13. how to make this computer store information14. failed to answer the last question in the test paper15. for one to give up smoking16. instead of walking17. fast enough to move from our school to the stadium in twenty minutes18. too small to hold five hundred students19. without having breakfast20. not to throw the cans and drinks bottles into the river21. had many questions to ask his teacher22. One is never too old to learn23. the bull run back24. to tell his people the good news25. to travel around the world on his bicycle26. climbing mountains and going on a camping trip27. us to stop talking28. To finish doing the test paper in one and a half hours29. to see them return to the campsite30. my making a telephone call in your office7