初中英语语法形容词和副词的比较级和最高级.doc

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(2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表：

原 级
比较级
最高级
good ， well
better
best
bad , ill
worse
worst
many , much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther / further
farthest / furthest

级别
比较程度
表达方式和意义
例 句
备 注
原

级
同
等
程
度
肯
定
形
式
As+原级+as
（像……一样)
Art is as interesting as music。
Play as well as you can.

否
定
形
式
not + so (as) +原级+as
(不如……那样)
English is not so difficult as science.
She does not study so well as I do。

比较级
不同程度
（用于两者比较）
比较级+than
(比……）
Jim is older than Luky。
I like pork better than beef.
比较级前面可以加

much, far， even， still，
a lot, a little， a bit等
程度加深
比较级+and+比较级
（越来越……）
The + 比较级，the + 比较级
（越……， 越……）
He is growing taller and taller.
He studies better and better。
The more books she reads, the better she understand。

最高级
最高程度
(用于三者或三者以上）
The +最高级+of （in)
（最……)
Spring is the best season of the year.
Lin Tao jumped （the) farthest of all。
副词最高级前面的
the 往往省略
注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round， sure， woolen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。三．形容词副词比较级最高级的其他用法
（1）和冠词连用
　　the ＋形容词原级＋v(复),指一类人或物
　　the ＋　形容词比较级，指两者中“较…的”的那一个，eg. the younger of the two
a/ an ＋形容词比较级eg. The pen is expensive。 I want a cheaper one.
（ a） ＋most＋形容词最高级　“非常…”　eg。 a most beautiful city
( 2 ） 相关结构
1) 原级比较：肯定句 as….as…。, 否定句not so / as….as…。。
2) 比较句： 比较级 ＋than….或more （less) ….than….。
The furniture in this shop is less beautiful than that in that shop。（注意代词that的用法）
3) 比较级＋ and＋比较级 或 more and more＋比较级 “越来越… ”
richer and richer， more and more interesting
4) The more….。， the more…..“越…， 越…"
The more you look at the picture， the better you will like it。
5) 比较级＋than any other ＋n。 （单） （适用于范围一致时）
(all） other ＋n.(复)
any ＋n.(单) （适用于范围不一致时）
He is taller than any other student / all other students in his class.
any student in my class.
6) 倍数表达法.
A is three（four， etc。）times the size(height, length etc。）of B。
A is three（four, etc.）times as big（high, long， etc.）as B.
A is three （four, etc.)times bigger(higher， longer, etc。）than B.
用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.
The new building is four times the size （the height）of the old one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍)。
Asia is four times as large as Europe。亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
Your school is three times bigger than ours。你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
7) more…than…结构，其意往往是…rather than…，可译为“是……而不是……"或颠倒词序译作“与其说是……，不如说是……”。
That little girl is more tired than hungry。 那个小姑娘是累了而不是饿了。
She is more a mother than a wife或She is more of a mother than a wife.
她是贤妻,更是良母。
8) A is to B what C is to D A和B的关系就像C和D的关系
Air is to man what water is to fish。 空气 对于人类就像水和鱼的关系.
9） no more than= only “只不过”，言其少
not more than=at most “不多于”，“至少"，指事实。
no more …than… 和…一样不… 如单音节使用比较级形式
not more…than… 不比…更…
　　no less than= as much as “多达"
　no fewer than= as many as
例:I have no more than five yuan in my pocket。 我口袋里的钱只不过5元.
I have not more than five yuan in my pocket。 我口袋里的钱不多于5元。 He is no richer than I。他和我一样穷.He is no less determined than you. 他的决心不亚于你.
(no less determined than等于“其决心不亚于你”,言其大)
He is not less determined than you。 他的决心不比你小.
（not less determined than等于“其决心不小于”，无言其大或小的含义）
10) 最高级＋of/ in/ among…。 He is the tallest of the three/ among them/ in is class.
四．相关词语辨析
1.very 和much A）very修饰形容词、副词的原级;much修饰比较级;修饰动词用much或very much ，eg. I very like English.（×)，因改为：I like English very much。
B） 表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy， a very tired child 。一般的情况下，以-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。
如：We were greatly /much shocked by the news about Tom..
C） 已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very.如：very interesting / worrying / exciting
D）too前用much/ far ,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.
另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far. We've got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.　 E）还有修饰词既不用very,也不用much. eg。 be well worth doing， be well above the tree2. so和such
A)so … that … 与such … that … 的区别。
so + 形容词 / 副词 +  that …
so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that …
so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that …
such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that …
such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that …
such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …注意： 但当little表示“小”时用such。
如:These are such little boys that they can't dress t hemselves.
下列so的用法是错误的:so a difficult problem， so difficult problems, so hot weather.
B） some/ any/ every/ no/ each/ all/ another/ several/ few/ many/ one/ two +such+n。 eg。 no such word
3。 be too much + n.
be much too+ adj。
be too much for sb. 对…太过分了
4。 can’t be too +adj。= can’t be +adj。+ enough “无论…都不为过"
You can never be careful enough。= You can never be too careful。你越小心越好。
最高级的用法一、最高级用于三个或三个以上的人或事物的比较，其基本句式是：主语+谓语(系动词/行为动词)+ the +最高级+ 名词+ 表示比较范围的介词短语或从句.
表示比较范围的介词一般有of 和in. She is the cleverest girl of the three. It’s the cheapest car in China.三、注意
表示“最…之一”的句式：one of the +。最高级 +名词复数；
1． Jim is one of the best students in his class。 Suzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
2． 2．“the +序数词+最高级"表示“第几个最…”；
3． The Yellow River is the second longest river in China
4． 3．当最高级前有物主代词或名词所有格时，不加the ；Monday is my busiest day.Jack is Jim's best friend.
4．比较级与最高级的转换；He is taller than any other boys in his class。 He is the tallest boy in his class。
比较级的用法: 1）A+形容词比较级+than+ B Susan is happier than Jane。 His brother is younger than me. Beijing is more beautiful than Osaka. 形容词比较级前还可以用much， even， still, a little,far， a lot, a bit， much more来修饰。 Very， so， too, quite 不能修饰比较级. 2）数字+形容词比较级+than I'm two years older than you。 She is a head taller than me. 3)比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越„„" The earth is getting warmer and warmer. China becomes more and more stronger。 4）the +比较级，the +比较级结构，表示“越„„就越„„” The more I study it, the more I like it。 5)which/who +is +比较级 Which city is bigger, Beijing or Tianjin？ Who is happier, you or me？ 3. 最高级用法： 用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较，最高级前加the，最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时,不加定冠词，后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。 1）one of the +最高级 Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China. Our city is one of the safest cities in the world. Most people like apples。 Most of the boys are good. It is our nearest neighbor in space。 3 2）最高级意义的表达方法: 例句 最高级 She is the best in her class. 比较级 She is better than any other student in her class。 No other student in her class is better than she。 原级 No other student in her class is as good as she。 (三)副词比较级和最高级的用法： 1. 原级主要的句型: 1）as+副词原级+as Tom runs as fast as Jones。 not as/so+副词原级+as He didn’t come as/so early as Li Lei. 2）too+副词原级+to do sth。 Jean rides too slowly to catch up with me。 3)so +副词原级+ that Jean rides so slowly that she can’t catch up with me。 4）副词原级+enough to do sth。 Jean doesn’t ride fast enough to catch up with me。 2。 比较级的用法: 1)比较级+than。当前后使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词来代替后面的动词,该动词或助动词可以省略。 Lily run faster than Mary(did)。 2）比较级+and +比较级 The days are getting longer and longer in summer。 3）the more…the more… The harder you work， the better you will learn。 3. 最高级的用法： 副词最高级前一般有the，也可省略。 He works （the） hardest of all the students in the class。 （1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。 例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world。 （2) 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常”。 It is a most important problem。 =It is a very important problem. 6．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记. 如：good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest 二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法 1．“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B" 意思为“A比B更„„”. 如：This tree is taller than that one。 这棵树比那棵树高。 注意① 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。 ②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”。 如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple。 ③ very， quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。 2．“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越„„” 如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了。 It is getting cooler and cooler。 天气越来越凉爽。 The wind became more and more heavily. 风变得越来越大. Our school is becoming more and more beautiful。 ．在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式。 如:Who is taller,Tim or Tom？ 谁更高，Tim还是Tom? 4。 “the +比较级„„， the+比较级”，表示“越„„越„„”。 The more money you make, the more you spend。 钱你赚得越多，花得越多。 The sooner，the better。 越快越好。 5. 表示倍数的比较级用法： ①. A is „times the size /height/length/width of B. 如：The new building is three times the height of the old one. 这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高) ②. A is „times as big /high/long/wide/large as B。 如：Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。（亚洲比欧洲大三倍） ③。 A is „times larger /higher/longer/wider than B。 如：Our school is twice bigger than yours。 我们学校比你们学校大两倍. 6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最„„”的意思. 句子中有表示范围的词或短语.如：of the three， in our class等等。 如：He is the tallest in our class. 他在我们班里是最高的。 7。”否定词语+比较级",”否定词语+ so„ as"结构表示最高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this。 =This is the easiest thing。 8。 比较级与最高级的转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class 7。修饰比较级和最高级的词 1)可修饰比较级的词 ①.a bit, a little, rather， much， far， by far， many， a lot， lots, a great deal， any, still, even等。 ②. 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 ③。 以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对） Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2）下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much， mostly, almost。 This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 注意： a. very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同. This is the very best. This is much the best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent。 8。要避免重复使用比较级。 (错） He is more cleverer than his brother。 （对） He is more clever than his brother. （对） He is cleverer than his brother. 9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 （错） China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other country in Asia. 10。要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则. The population of Shanghai is larger than that of BIt is easier to make a plan than to carry it out。 11。要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia？ Which is the larger country， Canada or Australia？ 文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络

1 Don’t worry, sir。 I'm sure I can run _________ to catch up with them。
A. slowly enough  B。 enough slowly  C. fast enough  D. enough fast
2。 The text is very easy for you. There are ________ new words in it。
A. a few  B. a little  C. few  D. little
3. It's such an ________ film that all the students are ______ in it。
A。 interesting; interested  B. interested; interesting 
C. interesting; interesting  D. interested； interested; interested
4。 Mingming got up very _______，so he came to school half an hour ______.
A. late; lately  B. lately； late  C. lately； lately  D. late; late
5 —Look！ How fast the two horses are running!Oh, yes！ They are nearly _______。
A。 up and down  B。 slower and slower  C。 more or less  D. neck and neck
6。 ______ children there are in family，_______ their life will be。
A。 The less; the better  B. The fewer; the better  C。 Fewer； richer  D。 More； poorer
7. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ________。
A. more and more rich  B。 more rich and more rich 
C. richer and richer  D。 richer and richest
8。 Which lesson is _______， this one or that one?
A. difficult  B. much difficult  C。 more difficult  D。 the most difficult
9 "A ______ accident happened at 7：30 a.m." said the policeman _______.
A. serious, serious  B. seriously, seriously  C。 seriously， serious  D。 serious, seriously
10。 In our city， it is ______ in July, but it is even _______ in August.
A。 hotter； hottest  B. hot; hot  C. hotter； hot  D. hot; hotter
11. This pencil is ______ that one.
A so long as  B。 as longer as  C. longer than  D。 not as longest as
12 This box is ______ heavy ________ I can't carry it.
A。 too, to  B. so， that  C。 very， that  D. too, that
13。 India has the second _______ population in the world
A. larger  B. most  C. smallest  D。 largest
14. The cake smells ______. Please throw it away. A。 good  B. badly  C. bad  D。 well
15 ——— What was the weather like yesterday？
-—- It was terrible. It rained so ________ that people could _______ go out。
　　   A. hardly…hard    B. hardly… hardly     C。 hard… hardly   D. hard… hard
16. The meeting will be held in half an hour， but they haven’t got everything ready_____。
　　   A. ever       B。 already      C。 yet       D. still
17 How beautiful she sings！ I've never heard ________。
　　   A. the better voice     B. a good voice    C。 the best voice     D。 a better voice
18The scenery in Sanya looks ____ especially "Tian Ya Hai Jiao" is ________.
　　   A， well, best     B. fine, the most famous     C. nice， better   D. beautifully, the best
19 Of the two Australian students ， Masha is ________ one. I think you can find her easily.
　　   A, tallest     B， the taller     C. taller       D。 the tallest
20. -—-Why don’t you like the shirt?
--—Its neck is not big for me at all. Have you got a shirt of this kind with _____ neck?
A. the biggest B. a far bigger C。 by far the biggest D。 a more bigger
21 _____， the boys were shouting and singing.
A. Happy and excited B。 Happily and excitedly
C. To be happy and excited D。 To be happily and excitedly
22. The US is about the same size as China, but its population is five times ____.
A. as little B. smaller C。 as few D. fewer
23The little town has now grown into a modern big city， and is ___ what it used to be.
A. twice the size than B。 two times the size as C。 twice the size as D。 twice the size of
24The air in Beijing is getting much now than a few years ago.
A。 clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest
25 Nowadays science fiction isn’t as as cartoons among teenagers. \
A。 popular B。 more popular C. less popular D. the most popular
26We are glad to see that Shanghai is developing these years than ever before. A. quickly B. less quickly C. more quickly D. the most quickly
27 The population of Tianjin is than that of Shanghai.
A。 larger B. less C. smaller D. fewer
28 Guo Yue did quite at the World Table Tennis Championship, but Zhang Yining did even 。 A。 better, well B。 well， well C。 well， better D。 better, better
29 -Tom is six and he is his sister Jane。 How old is Jane? —Three.
A. twice as old as B。 two years older than C。 three years younger than D。 as old as
30—Remember, boys and girls. you work, result you will get。 —We know， Miss Gao。 A. The better， the harder B. The harder, the better C. The hard, the better D. The harder, the good
31Which does Jimmy like _____ ， Chinese or Art?
A. well B. best C。 better D。 much
32The Changjiang River is one of _____ in the world。
A. the longest river B. longest rivers
C.the longest rivers D. long