高考英语句型句式专题总结.doc

高考英语句型句式专题总汇
（一）按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1） 陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
Light travels faster than sound.　光比声速度快。　　（说明事实）
The film is rather boring.　这部电影很乏味。
（说明看法）
这里我们侧重讲述否定句
一.概念
否定句指否定陈述句的句子.
二.相关知识点精讲
1.用not构成的否定句：主语+助动词/ be+not+…
例句：
He is not back yet.
It is not true.
We haven’t forgotten you.
You shouldn’t be so silly.
We haven’t been invited yet.
He won’t go, but they will.
Money could not buy happiness.
I like the salad, but I don’t like this soup.
He wants a girl friend, but he doesn’t want to get married.
You didn’t understand what I said, did you ?
You needn’t try to explain.
I didn’t use to like opera, but now I’m getting interested.
I usedn’t to like opera, but now I’m getting interested.
2.祈使句的否定句：Don’t+动词原形…。
例句：
Don’t worry. I’ll look after you.
Don’t believe a word he says.
Don’t be so rude.
3. 非谓语动词（不定式，分词，动名词）的否定式：把not放在to do; doing; 的前面。
It’s important not to worry.
He said he deeply regretted not being able to help.
Not knowing what to do, Shelly asked advice of her friend.
He reproached me for not having told it to him.
4. not与除谓语以外的其他句子成分连用：
Come early, but not before six.
It’s working, but not properly.
I believe he will succeed, though not without some difficulty.
not用在I hope; I believe; I’m afraid; I guess; I suppose; I expect之后，构成省略句。
—Will it snow today ?
—I hope not.
5. 用no构成否定句：no+名词（单，复数，不可数）相当于not+ a +名词/ not + any +名词
No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated.
The nations of Europe and America have found that no country can produce all its needs without trading.
Take that towel, I have no other.
I can walk no farther.
There is no knowing what will happen.
6. 某些否定副词或代词：seldom; never; hardly; rarely; little; few; none; nowhere; neither等在句中构成否定句：
I can seldom find time for reading.
Mirror tells only the facts, never the poetry.
The rumor came from nowhere.
None but fools have ever believed it.
7. 否定转移：当think; believe; suppose; imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时，把从句中的not提到主句这些动词前面，是主句变成否定句：
I don’t think she’s at home, but I’ll go and see.
I don’t imagine that he’ll enjoy it.
8. 否定式疑问句：
Doesn’t she understand ?
Haven’t you booked your holiday yet ?
部分否定：
注意部分否定的结构：
Not all…=All…not…
Not both…=Both…not…
Not every…=Every…not…
I don’t remember all the names.
All is not gold that glitters.
It is not found everywhere.
Not everyone likes this film.
9. 用否定形式表示肯定的意义：
注意这些句型：
cannot…too.. / cannot… more: 越…就越好；再…不过了。
You cannot be too careful.
A man can never have too many friends.

三.巩固练习
1. —Such a sudden turn in the road is too difficult for the new driver, isn’t it ?
—_____. He’s dealt with all kinds of troublesome situations before.
A. No, it isn’t B. Yes, it is C. No, he isn’t D. Yes, he is
2. —Aren’t you feeling tired ?
—______, I am rather.
A. Yes B. No C. Not at all D. Never
3. —She isn’t a dancing teacher, is she ?
—______.
A. Yes, she isn’t B. No, she is
C. Yes, she wasn’t D. No, but she was.

4. —Will you go shopping with us this afternoon ?
—_____but I’ve got quite a lot of homework to do.
A. of courseB. I’d like toC. That’s all rightD. No, I won’t
5. —If our parents would listen more to us, they would understand us better.
—_____. They just expect us to listen.
A. I believe not B No problem C. Good ideaD. I can’t agree more
6. —Did you enjoy the trip ?
—I’m afraid not. And _____.
A. my classmates can’t either.B. my classmates don’t too.
C. neither do my classmatesD. neither did my classmates
7. Try to retell the story in your own words. ______ afraid to make mistakes.
A. Not to be B. Don’t C. No beD. Don’t be
四.答案
AADBD DD

2） 疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种：
　 a.　一般疑问句（General Questions）：
Can you finish the work in time?
你能按时完成工作吗？
　 b.　特殊疑问句（W Questions; H Questions）：
Where do you live?　你住那儿？
How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？
　 c.　选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）：
Do you want tea or coffee?
你是要茶还是要咖啡？
　 d.　反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：
这里我们测重讲解反意疑问句
1)　陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?
2)　陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3)　陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
4)　含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5)　陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语didn't +主语）。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6)　陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7)　陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8)　陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9)　陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。
What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
12)　陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13)　陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
14)　 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：
　a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
　b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
　c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they?　(does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
　 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
17)　省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
18)　陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
19)　否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
20)　must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
　 He must be there now, isn't he?
　 It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?

快速记忆表
陈述部分的谓语　　　　　 疑问部分
　　　　 I　　　　　　　　　 aren't I？
Wish　　　　　　　　　may +主语？
no,nothing,nobody,never,
few, seldom, hardly,　　　　 肯定含义
rarely, little等否定含义的词
ought to（肯定的）　　　 shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语
have to+v.(had to+v.)　　don't +主语(didn't +主语)
used to　　　　　　　 didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语
had better + v.　　　　　hadn't you
would rather + v.　　　　wouldn't +主语
you'd like to + v.　　　 wouldn't +主语
must　　　　　　　　　　 根据实际情况而定
感叹句中　　　　　　　　 be +主语
Neither…nor,
either…or 连接的根　　 据其实际逻辑意义而定
并列主语
指示代词或不定代词
everything,that,主语用it
nothing,this
并列复合句　　　　　　　谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
定语从句,宾语从句的
主从复合句　　　　　　　根据主句的谓语而定
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine等引导　 与宾语从句相对应的从句
everybody,anyone,
somebody,nobody,no one　　复数they, 单数he
情态动词dare或need　　　 need (dare ) +主语？
dare, need 为实义动词　　　　 do +主语？
省去主语的祈使句　　　　 will you？
Let's 开头的祈使句　　　 Shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句　　　Will you?
there be　　　相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词）
否定前缀不能视为否定词　　　 仍用否定形式
must表"推测"　　　根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句
注意：怎样回答反意疑问句？
It's very cold today, isn't it? 你该怎么回答呢？ 首先，我们来回顾一下怎样回答一般疑问句。Are you on-line now?(你在上网吗？)当然啦，你的回答应该是肯定的。否则就不会看到这篇文章了。回答应该是：Yes, I am.
你正在看电视吗？Are you watching TV now? 肯定没有啦，你就应该说：No, I'm not.现在你可以总结出来，该怎么回答一般疑问句了吧？！对，就是根据实际情况回答，Yes, I do. 或者 No, I don't.
反意疑问句的回答法跟一般疑问句的回答方式完全一样。例如：
She is good at English, isn't she?
回答可以是：Yes, she is. 或者No, she isn't. 注意，回答一定要和实际情况相符合，“是”就“是”，“不是”就“不是”。也就是说回答反意疑问句要遵循“实事求是”的原则，肯定的答案就用yes＋肯定结构；否定的答案就用no＋否定结构。答案要和实际情况相符。
那怎样回答There is a computer in your room, isn't there? 这个句子呢？你房间里确实有台电脑那么回答就是：Yes, there is. 不过，我们现在只练习了一种反意疑问句，即：前一部分为肯定式，后一部分是否定式。
反意疑问句还有一种形式，就是：前一部分是否定式，后一部分是肯定式。There isn't a computer in your room, is there?“你的房间里没有电脑，对吗？”你该怎么回答呢？
根据中国人的思维，反应在你脑海中的肯定是，“不对，我房间里有电脑。” 便顺口回答道：No, there is. 这样，可就大错特错了。因为你违背了 “事实求是”的原则：肯定的答案就用yes＋肯定结构；否定的答案就用no＋否定结构。所以刚刚那句话的回答应该是：Yes, there is.
总之，回答反意疑问句就得记住一点：实事求是。记住了？不管是做人还是回答反意疑问句都是一样的。OK. You don't have any questions, do you? 你怎么回答呢？希望是--No, I don't.

三.巩固练习
1. It’s a fine day, Let’s go fishing, _____?
A. won’t we B. will we C. don’t we D. shall we
2. Frank is working late again. This is the first time this week he’s had to study late, ____?
A. isn’t he B. hasn’t it C. hasn’t he D. isn’t it
3. —Daddy’s forgot to post the letter again, ____?
—I’m afraid he ___.
A. has; has B. isn’t; is C. hasn’t; has D. has; hasn’t
4. —Sorry, I’m not feeling well and I don’t think I can finish.
—Don’t worry. Let us do it for you , ____?
A. will youB. shall weC. shan’t weD. shall you
5. I don’t think he could have done such a stupid thing last night, ____?
A. do IB. could heC. did heD. has he
6. —The ground is wet.
—It must have rained last night,____ ?
A. hasn’t itB. didn’t itC. mustn’t itD. isn’t it
7. —Jenny doesn’t think that Robert is honest, ___?
—I’m afraid not.
A. is heB. isn’t heC. does sheD. doesn’t she
8. —The new windows need washing.
—Well, let’s wash them together, ____?
A. shall weB. will youC. should weD. would you
9. There is little we can do about it, ____?

A. is thereB. can’t weC. isn’t thereD. can we
10. —The problem wasn’t difficult for him, was it ?
—______. He should have been given a more difficult one.
A. No, it wasB. Yes, it wasC. Yes, it wasn’t D. No, it wasn’t
四.答案
DDCAC BCAAD

3） 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如：
一概念
祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。
二.相关知识点精讲
1.祈使句有三种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，（但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子）。例如：
　　　 Take this seat. 坐这儿。
　　　 Do be careful. 务必小心。
　 否定结构：例如：
　　　 Don't move. 不准动。
　　　 Don't be late. 不要迟到。
2.以let开头的祈使句
　　 Let 的反意疑问句：
　 a. Let's 包括说话者。例如：　
　　 Let's have another try, shall we / shan't we? = Shall we have another try? 我们再试一次，如何？
　 　 b. Let us 不包括说话者。例如：
　　 Let us have another try，will you / won't you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你让我们再试一次，好吗？
　 否定结构：例如：
　 Let's not talk of that matter. 不要谈这件事。
　 Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要让我们谈这件事。
3.有主语的祈使句
　　2003年高考英语试卷上有这样一道单项填空题:
　　-Sorry, Joe. I didn't mean to...
　　-Don't call me "Joe". I'm Mr Parker to you, and ________ you forget it!
A. do B. didn't C. did D. don't
-对不起,乔。我不是故意要……
　　-不要叫我"乔",叫我帕克先生,你别忘记了。
　　答语的后半句是一个祈使句,表示警告对方,要以don't开头,故正确答案是D。
　　这道题的正确答案是D。该题主要考查有主语的祈使句的用法。
　　我们知道,祈使句的主语通常就是说话的对方,即第二人称you,一般不表示出来,但在有些情况下,祈使句也可带主语。
　　一、为了强调指明向谁提出要求或发出命令时。例如:
　　You go with me. 你跟我去。
　　You tell him what I said. 你把我说的话告诉他。
　　You take that seat. 你坐在那个座位上。
　　二、表达"气愤;不满;厌烦;急躁"等情绪时。例如:
　　You get out of here!你给我滚出这儿!
　　You mind your own business!你少管闲事!
　　You take your hands off me!你把手拿开,别碰我!
　　三、表示对照或区别不同的说话对象时。例如:
　　Helen, you clean the window, and Paul, you sweep the floor. 海伦,你擦窗子;保罗,你扫地。
　　You come here, Jack, and you go there, Mary. 杰克你到这边来,玛丽你到那边去。
　　You ask the first question and I ask the second one. 你问第一个问题,我问第二个问题。
　　四、当祈使句中有in, out, away, up, off等作状语的副词,强调这些状语而把它们置于句首时。例如:
　　Out you come!你出来!
　　Away you go!你走吧!
　　Up you stand!你站起来!
　　五、祈使句以don't开头,表示关照或警告对方时。例如:
　　Don't you be late again. 你别再迟到了。
　　Don't you ever forget this lesson! 你一定不要忘记了这次教训!
　　六、祈使句的主语也可以是第三人称。例如:
　　Everybody stand up!大家都站起来!
　　Jack stand there. 杰克站到那边去
　　Someone open the door. 谁去把门打开。
4） 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如：
　　 What good news it is!　多好的消息啊！
感叹句
一.概念
感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情
二. 相关知识点精讲
1.How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！
2.How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱！
3.What +名词+陈述语序。例如：What noise they are making! 他们真吵！
4.What +a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！
5.What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如：What wonderful ideas （we have）! 我们的主意真棒！
6.What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！
7.What a clever boy he is!的省略形式为：What a clever boy!
典型例题
1） food you've cooked!
A. How a nice　　B. What a nice　　C. How nice　 D. What nice
　答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词，副词；what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除。C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)
2）___terrible weather we've been having these days!　
A. What　 B. What a　　C. How　 D. How a　
　答案A. weather为不可数名词，B，D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。
3) --- _____ I had!
　　--- You really suffered a lot.
A. What a time　　B. What time　　 C. How a time　　 D. how time
　答案A.　感叹句分两类：
　　　　　1：What + n.+主谓部分
　　　　　2：How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了bad，相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。 

二）句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：
1） 简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句，例如：
She is fond of collecting stamps.　 她喜欢集邮。
(主)　 (谓)
2） 并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如：
　 The food was good, but he had little appetite.
　(主)　　 (谓)　　　　　 (主)(谓)
　 食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。
简单句和并列句
一.概念
(一)简单句
由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)所构成的句子叫简单句，其结构是主语+ 谓语。
(二)并列句
由并列连词把两个或两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句(即简单句)连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句
常用的连词有and,but,or not only...but also,neither...nor,either...or
二.相关知识点精讲
(一)简单句
五种基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：
1）主 + 动（SV）例如：
I work. 我工作。
2）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）例如：
John is busy. 约翰忙。
3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO）例如：
She studies English. 她学英语。
4）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如：
Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。
5）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVOiOd）例如：
My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。

(二)并列句
并列句分为:联合并列句,转折并列句,选择并列句和因果并列句

联合并列句常由并列词and, not only…but also…..等连接
如: Use your hand, and you’ll find a way.
转折并列句常由并列连词but, while, yet, whereas, nevertheless等连接
如:I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
选择疑问句常由并列连词or, otherwise, either…or…,等连接
如:Either you leave this house or I’ll call the police
因果并列句由并列连词so, for, therefore 等连接.
如: it was late, so we went home.
在”祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中,当前后两部分间为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反关系时,用or.可将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句,但必须将and 或or 去掉.
如: Hurry up, and we’ll be there in time.= If we hurry up, we’ll be there in time.
because和so; although, though和but 不能连用

三.巩固练习
1. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer,＿＿＿?
A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they
2. ＿＿＿help if you can,and our country will improve
more quickly and better.
A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give
3. —— Lu