智能电子巡更机(1)-本科论文.doc

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xx大学xx学院
毕业设计（论文）
相关资料

题目： 智能电子巡更机

系 专业
学 号： 　　　 　　　　
学生姓名：
指导教师： 　 （职称： ）
（职称： ）

xxxx年x月xx日 目 录

一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告
二、毕业设计（论文）原文及外文资料翻译
三、学生“毕业设计（论文）计划、进度、检察及落实表”
四、学生教学实习实训记录
xx大学xx学院
毕业设计（论文）
开题报告

题目： 智能电子巡更机

系 专业
学 号： 　　　 　　　　
学生姓名：
指导教师： 　 （职称： ）
（职称： ）

xxxx年x月xx日
课题来源
管理部门对特定区域安排专门的管理人员定时定点进行巡视检查，称为巡更。在许多单位，如物业小区、边防、巡警、宾馆、酒店、大型工矿企业、图书馆、管理、监狱、邮政管理、铁路调度、货物运输、消防设备定时检测等巡逻、巡检工作事关安全，必须严格地按规定的线路、时间执行。
一般的巡更制度，靠管理员在巡更点的记录簿上签到，既难核实时间，管理层亦须几天复核一次；对于巡视内容多,人员多,管理要求高的公司来说，摆在管理层的一个现实问题是：如何确实做到定时定点定人管理?电子巡更系统能有效的解决这个问题，实现对巡逻工作的有效监督、管理。

科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）
早期的巡更产品比较单一，一般按照电予标签(信息钮)的识读方式来划分，有接触式和感应式两种。随着应用的深入，巡更产品从功能上产生了一些变化。因此按照功能来分类， 大致可以分为：坚固型、数码事件型、中文型、数据采集型、特定功能类型。
本课题研究基于RFID的便携式巡更机的设计，属于感应式巡更机。RFID（Radio Frequenc Identification）射频识别是一种非接触式的自动识别技术，它通过射频信号自动识别目标对象并获取相关数据，识别工作无须人工干预，可工作于各种恶劣环境。RFID技术可识别高速运动物体并可同时识别多个标签， 操作快捷方便。基于此的便携式巡更机的设计，就是利用这个技术，将所要传输的数据调制在射频卡上发送出去，由单片机读取后经处理即得到卡上的信息。
随着巡更产品的推广和应用，通用的巡更产品已经不能完全满足企业需求了。比如一些企业要求在巡逻的过程中，将有故障隐患的设备拍照记录下来，用于分析设备状况，这样产生了带照相功能的巡更产品。另外，还有一些野外作业场合要求使用GPS巡更、实时通讯的巡更产品，还有一些巡更可以实现远距离识读(十几米)。可是由于这些巡更产品在技术、功耗、成本、定位精度、使用环境限制等方面的因素，虽然还不能在大范围内推广使用。但是可以预见它们将会随着技术的进步慢慢进入到我们的生活和生产中来，并为用户提供更多的选择。

研究内容
本课题要求设计一个基于RFID的便携式电子巡更系统，使之能够发送，接受和记录数据信息。具体如下：
1理解RFID射频识别的传输原理。
2熟悉相关射频卡读卡模块的功能。
3设计整个便携式巡更机，并画出其详细的电路图（要求标出电路图中各电子元器件的参数值）。
4结合硬件图写出汇编程序（包括发送程序和接受程序）。
拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析

系统结构
系统主要由射频卡读卡模块， 串行存贮芯片， 串行时钟芯片， 单片机， 充电电路， 串口通讯电路， 充电电池等组成。
射频卡读卡模块可用来读取巡检点的信息。串行存贮芯片用来存贮巡检人员、巡检时问、巡检地点等信息。串行时钟芯片用来提供年、月、日、时、分、秒等时间信息。系统采用DS1302单片机来完成读卡、读时钟、数据处理、存贮、串行通讯等功能。为了减少巡更机的体积， 串口通讯电路由三极管、电阻等元器件组成， 完成TTL到串口的电平转换。该系统所采用的开关电路可使巡更机在一段时间内不使用自动关闭， 达到省电的目的。系统采用4节较小的1．2 5伏镍氢电池， 可由充电器充电。

研究计划及预期成果
研究计划：
2009年10月12日-2009年12月25日：按照要求查阅相关参考资料，填写开题报告书。
2010年1月11日-2010年3月5日：填写毕业实习报告。
2010年3月8日-2010年3月14日：按照要求修改毕业设计开题报告。
2010年3月15日-2010年3月21日：学习并翻译一篇与毕业设计相关的英文材料。
2010年3月22日-2010年4月11日：系统硬件设计。
2010年4月12日-2010年4月25日：系统软件设计。
2010年4月26日-2010年5月21日：毕业论文撰写和修改工作
预期成果：
通过RFID的相关内容，对系统的软硬件进行设计，准确地设计出一个便携式智能电子巡更机。
特色或创新之处
基于FSK的调制方式，采用高效前向纠错信道编码技术，提高了数据抗突发干扰和随机噪声；基于FSK的调制方式，采用高效前向纠错信道编码技术。
无接触磨损， 无需电源， 无需联网， 防水防磁， 安装方便， 使用时将巡更机靠近检测点， 就可以将巡检点号， 当时时间， 巡检员号等信息存入巡更机内， 供日后查询或送入电脑。
已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题
已学过微机原理，单片机，EDA三门与本课题相关的课程。在电路图设计和汇编语言方面有较好基础。有过单片机课程设计的经验，并会使用Protel99制作电路图。
需要解决的问题有对巡更机具体工作原理的理解不是很深刻，需要进一步查阅资料，并在设计过程中加深理解。对射频传输模块的功能以及与单片机的接口还比较陌生，需要进一步熟悉。此外，以前学的单片机和protel99应用需要复习巩固。
指导教师意见

指导教师签名：
年 月 日
教研室（学科组、研究所）意见

教研室主任签名：
年 月 日
院系意见

主管领导签名：
年 月 日

英文原文
Radio Frequency Identification Technology
Introduction
RFID is radio frequency identification technology in English (Radio Frequency Identification, RFID) acronym, also known as electronic tags, radio frequency identification technology is the 20th century, the rise of the 90s an automatic identification technology, radio frequency identification technology is a radio frequency signal through the use of space coupled (alternating magnetic field or electromagnetic field) to achieve non-contact transmission of information through the message to identify the purpose of technology.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has become a very popular topic. According to industry estimates, RFID technology market within the next five years on new products and services to bring 30 to 10,000,000,000 U.S. dollars of business, with its accompanying servers, data storage systems, database programs, business management software , consultancy services, and other large computer infrastructure needs. These projections may be overly optimistic, but the future of RFID will become a huge market there is no doubt. Many technology companies are stepping up development of RFID-specific software and hardware companies, including Intel, Microsoft, Oracle, SAP, and SUN, and recently the world's largest retailer Wal-Mart a "required its top 100 suppliers in 2005 in its distribution center in January before the delivery tray and packaging made use of RFID technology, in January 2006 before the single use of the technology products, "the resolution, the RFID once again pushed to the spotlight. It can be said radio frequency identification technology (RFID) is becoming the world's hot new technology.
History of RFID
From the basic principles of information transmission, the radio frequency identification technology in the low frequency model based on transformer coupling (between the primary and secondary energy transfer and signal transmission), in high frequency space-based radar detection of targets coupled model (radar emit electromagnetic wave signal met objectives carry target information back to the radar receiver). Published in 1948 Halisituo Blackman "use of communication reflected power" laid a radio frequency identification RFID technology theory.
RFID technology can be divided into the following decade:
1940-1950 years: Improvement and application of radar gave birth to radio frequency identification technology, in 1948 laid the theoretical basis of RFID technology.
1950-1960: the early exploratory phase of RFID, mainly in laboratory research.
1960-1970 years: the theory of radio frequency identification technology has been developed, and began trying some applications.
1970-1980: radio frequency identification technology and product development at a major period of development, all kinds of radio frequency identification technology is accelerated test. There are some of the earliest radio frequency identification applications.
1980-1990: radio frequency identification technology and products into the commercial application stage, applications of all sizes began to appear.
1990-2000: standardization of radio frequency identification technology increasingly taken seriously, the widespread adoption of radio frequency identification products, radio frequency identification products become part of people's lives.
After 2000: Standardization of increasing attention by the people, more abundant types of radio frequency identification products, active RFID, passive RFID tags and semi-passive RFID tags have been developed, the electronic tag cost is lower, the scale of application of trade to increase.
So far, the theory of radio frequency identification technology enriched and improved. RFID single-chip, multi-tag reading, wireless read-write, long-range passive RFID tags to identify, adapt to fast-moving objects, RFID technology and products is becoming a reality and to apply.
RFID works and composition
● Work
RFID works is: label into the magnetic field, if the reader receives a special radio frequency signal sent, the induced currents can be obtained by virtue of the energy stored in the chip sends out the product information (ie Passive Tag, Passive tag or a passive label), or take the initiative to send a frequency signal (ie Active Tag, active tags or active tags), readers read the information and decode the information sent to the central data processing system related.
RFID technology developed by the Auto-ID Center, its application in the form of tags (tag), card and tag (label) equipment. Equipment from the RFID chip and tag antenna, tag types are divided into three types: auto type, semi-passive and passive. Now the market is basically the development of passive RFID tags, because the lower cost of such equipment, and easy to configure. Passive tags use radio waves to operate equipment and communications, the signal must be within the scope of identification allows, usually 10 feet (3 meters). These markers for identification of short-distance information, such as disposable razors or a removable blade packaging of such commodities. RFID chips can be read-only, but also read / write mode decision based on application requirements. Passive marker device with E2PROM (electrical erasable programmable read-only memory), to facilitate the use of specific electronic data processing equipment to the above written. General tag equipment at the factory are set to read-only. Auto-ID specification contains a deadlock order to prevent tracking in the process where appropriate.
Auto-ID Center developed the Electronic Product Code (EPC) specification to identify goals, and objectives of all relevant data. EPC system database using the correct link to the EPC codes, manufacturers and retailers can query based on permissions, manage and change operations. Once the tags affixed to products or equipment, RFID reader can read the data stored in the tag. Auto-ID plans to EPC system into a global standard, which include: identification of target-specific code (EPC); define the data owner (EPC Manager); definition of the code and mark the rest of the information; the definition of goods parameters, such as inventory unit number; the EPC code is converted to Internet addresses (Target Naming Service ONS); on the target description (physical markup language PML); gathering and processing of RFID data (expert software); assigned to a specific number of each type of target string line number); for the minimum set of interoperability specifications (marking and identification of specifications), the biggest advantage of using RFID technology is on the company's supply chain transparent management, effective cost reduction.
●RFID system components
Radio frequency identification system should include at least the following two parts, one reader, two electronic tag (or radio frequency card, transponder, etc., herein collectively referred to as electronic labels). It should also include the antenna, the host and so on. RFID system in a specific application process depending on the application purpose and application environment, system components will be different, but look at RFID system works, the system generally by the signal transmitter, signal receiver, transmitting and receiving antenna composed of several parts. They are explained below：
●Signal Transmitter
In the RFID system, the signal transmitter to different application purposes, will exist in different forms, typically in the form of a label (TAG). Label is equivalent to the bar code symbol bar code technology used to store the information necessary to identify transmission, other, and the bar code is different, the label must be able to automatically or under the influence of external forces, the stored information to launch the initiative.
●Signal receiver
In the RFID system, the signal receiver generally called reader. According to the label support and completion of the function of different types of different readers complexity is significantly different. Reader the basic function is to transfer data with the label means. In addition, the reader also provides a complex signal state control, parity error checking and correction functions. Label in addition to the information storage needs of transmission, but also must contain some additional information, such as error checking information. Identification of data information and additional information prepared in accordance with certain structure and follow a specific order to send out. Reader through the received additional information to control data flow to send. Once readers get the correct information is received and decoded, the reader through a specific algorithm deciding whether to send the signal transmitter of the retransmission time, or know the transmitter signal to stop, this is the "command response protocol." Using this protocol, even in a very short period of time, very little space to read multiple tags can also be effective in preventing "cheating problem" generation.
●programmer
Only read-write tag system only requires programmers. Programmer to write data to the tag device. Programmers generally write off (OFF-LINE) to complete, that is, pre-written data in the label, until the beginning application directly to the adhesive labels are identified in the project. Some RFID applications, writing data is online (ON-LINE) to complete, especially in a production environment as an interactive portable data file to processing.
●antenna
Tag and reader antenna to transfer data between the transmitter and receiver devices. In practice, in addition to the system power, the antenna also affect the shape and relative position of the transmitting and receiving data, the system's antennas require professional design, installation.
Category RFID system
Complete RFID system according to different functions, the RFID system can be roughly divided into four types: EAS systems, portable data acquisition systems, network systems, positioning systems.
● EAS technology
ELECTRONIC ARTICLE SURVEILLANCE (EAS) is a need to control the items set out in the door of the RFID technology. Typical applications of this technology is a shop, a library, data center and other places, when the person is not authorized by the illegal removal of goods from these places when, EAS system will issue a warning. In the application of EAS technology, the first item on the stick to pay EAS tag, when the goods are normally purchased or legally removed, the office in the settlement made by some EAS tag deactivation devices, items can be removed. Items through the door with EAS systems, EAS tag device can automatically detect the activity and found that activity of EAS system will issue a warning label. EAS technology can effectively prevent the stolen items, whether big-ticket goods or small items. EAS technology applications, materials no longer locked in glass cases, allowing customers the freedom to watch, check the goods, which increasingly popular choice today has a very important practical significance. A typical EAS system usually consists of three parts, 1) attached to the electronic tags on goods, electronic sensors; 2) tag inactivated device to authorize access of goods to normal; 3) monitor exports of certain areas in the surveillance space.
EAS system works is: in the surveillance zone, a certain frequency transmitter to transmit signals to the receivers. Transmitter and receiver is usually installed in retail stores, the library's entrance, a certain space surveillance. When the label of special features into the zone, the signal transmitter will cause interference, such interference would be the receiver receiving the signal, and then determine through the analysis of microprocessors, will control the alarm sounded. According to the signal emitted by t