牛津小学英语语法复习.doc

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牛津小学英语语法复习
一、时态
1．一般现在时
（1）表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes，always,never”等词。
（2）基本结构：

I / You / We / They
He / She / It
肯定句（Positive）
动词原形（V）
动词第三人称单数形式（V+S）
否定句(Negative)
don’t + 动词
doesn’t + 动词原形
一般疑问句(Yes/No)
Do… ? Yes, I do.
Does…(动词原形)…?No,she doesn’t.
特殊疑问句(wh-)
What do …?
How does she…(动词原形)…?
(3) 动词第三人称单数形式
a.
Most verbs
+s
walk-walks
b.
Verbs ending in a consonant +y
-y +ies
fly-flies
c.
Verbs ending in s, sh, ch or x
+es
watch-watches
d.
Others
do-does ,have-has, go-goes

2．现在进行时,
（1）表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now,look”.
（2）基本形式： be + 动词+ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
What are you doing?
Is he reading?
（3）动词的现在分词形式（do+ing）
Most verbs
+ing
walk—walking
Verbs ending in e
-e + ing
come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant
Double
consonant
run-running
swim-swimming

3. 一般过去时态
（1）    表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用 “last week, just now, yesterday”等词。
（2）    be 动词的过去式: am/is—was are—were
I/He/she/it was(not)… You/we/they were….
一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。
（3）过去式基本结构
肯定句（Positive）
动词过去式
I went shopping last night.
否定句(Negative)
Didn’t + 动词原形
I didn’t go shopping last night.
一般疑问句(Yes/No)
Did …+ 动词原形…?
Did you go shopping last night?
特殊疑问句(wh-)
What did…+ 动词原形…?
What did you do last night?
(4)动词过去式的变化：
规则动词的变化：
一般动词
+ed
planted,watered,climbed
以不发音的e结尾
+d
liked
辅音字母加y结尾
-y+ ied
study—studied, cry- cried
重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写最后一个字母+ed
stop –stopped
plan - planned
不规则动词的变化：
原形
过去式
原形
过去式
原形
过去式
原形
过去式
sweep
swept
teach
taught
have
had
go
went
keep
kept
think
thought
do
did
find
found
sleep
slept
buy
bought
eat
ate
say
said
feel
felt
drink
drank
is/am
was
take
took
read
read
give
gave
are
were
mean
meant
put
put
sing
sang
drive
drove
meet
met
cut
cut
begin
began
speak
spoke
make
made
let
let
ring
rang
write
wrote
see
saw
fly
flew
run
ran
ride
rode
come
came
draw
drew
sit
sat
hear
heard
tell
told
grow
grew
learn
learned/ learnt
get
got
know
knew

4．一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow, next Sunday等时间状语连用。
结构：be going to +动词原形
例如：I’m going to visit my grandpa next week.
二、人称代词
主格： I we you she he it they
宾格： me us you her him it them
形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their
名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs
三、可数名词的复数形式
一般名词： + s a book –books
辅音字母加y结尾： - y+ ies a story—stories
以s, sh, ch or x结尾： + es a glass—glasses；a watch-watches
以o结尾： +s 或+es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
以f或fe结尾： - f 或fe 变为 ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
四、不可数名词(没有复数形式)
bread, rice, water, juice，etc.
五、缩略形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is /he has(got)
it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc
didn’t=did not weren’t=were not wasn’t=was not let’s=let us
六、不定冠词a/an
单词的第一读音是辅音读音：a book, a peach， a “U”
单词的第一个读音是元音读音：an egg， an hour， an “F”
七、介词
1．表示方位：on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.，under
2．表示时间： at : 如：at six o’clock, at Christmas, at weekends
on: 如：on Monday on 15th July on National Day
in: 如：in the evening in December in winter
八、基数词和序数词
one – first two-second three-third five-fifth nine-ninth twelve-twelfth
twenty-twentieth thirty-thirtieth forty-one –forty-first
Lesson 3---the third lesson
九、some /any
肯定句：I have some toys in my bedroom.
一般疑问句和否定句中：Do you have any brothers or sisters?
He hasn’t got any pencils in his pencil-case.
询问想要什么时：Would you like some juice?
Can I have some stamps?
十、be 动词
(1)   Basic form（基本形式）: am/are/is
(2)   肯定和否定句be动词后加not:
I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
(3)一般疑问句be动词提前：
Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
（4）be动词的过去式：am/is— was, are— were
十一、 there be 结构
肯定句： There is a …
There are …
一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….
十二、祈使句
Sit down please
Don’t sit down, please.
Let’s go to the park.
十三、(情态)动词can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用动词原形。
1. I / He / She / They can sing. May I come in? I must go now.
2. You should be quiet in the library.
3. You’ll be good friends.
十四、 “Wh-” questions:
What
(问什么事,什么物或什么工作)
What are you doing？
I’m reading.
What is that?
It’s a book.
Ｗhat is she?(What’s her job?)
She’s a nurse.
What colour(问颜色)
What colour is your coat?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
It’s red.
What time（时间）
What time is it?
What’s the time?
It’s seven.
What time/when
(什么时候)
What time/ When do you get up?
I get up at six thirty.
When is your birthday?
It’s on the 21st of December.
Which（哪一个）
Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?
The yellow is mine.
Who（谁）
Who is the man with a big nose?
He’s my uncle.
Whose（谁的）
Whose bag is it?
Whose is this bag?
It’s his bag.
Where（哪里）
Where is my ball pen?
It’s under the book.
Why（为什么）
Why do you like summer?
I like summer because…
How many （多少）
How many books are there in the school bag?
There are four books in the school bag.
How old （几岁）
How old is the young man?
He’s nineteen.
How much（多少钱）
How much is the toy bear?
It’s eleven yuan.
How （怎么样）
How do you go to school everyday?
I go to school by car.

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