光纤bragg光栅测力锚杆的实验研究与应用应用型论文-学位论文.doc

江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（PAPD）（SZBF2011-6-B35）
江苏省“六大人才高峰”项目资助（05150012）
中国矿业大学重大项目培育专项基金资助

应用型硕士学位论文

光纤Bragg光栅测力锚杆的
实验研究与应用
Experimental Research and
Application of Fiber Bragg Grating Force-measuring Anchor

作 者：颜邦华
导 师：方新秋 教授
王凌鹤 高工

中国矿业大学
二〇一五年五月

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作者签名： 导师签名：
年 月 日 年 月 日

中图分类号 TD326 学校代码 10290
UDC 622 密 级 公开

中国矿业大学
应用型硕士学位论文

光纤Bragg光栅测力锚杆的
实验研究与应用
Experimental Research and
Application of Fiber Bragg Grating
Force-measuring Anchor

作 者 颜邦华 导 师 方新秋教授
申请学位 工程硕士专业学位 培养单位 矿业工程学院
学科专业 矿业工程 研究方向 矿山压力与岩层控制
答辩委员会主席 谢耀社教授 评 阅 人 曹胜根教授、贺宏华高工

二〇一五年五月

论文审阅认定书
研究生 颜邦华 在规定的学习年限内，按照研究生培养方案的要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学位论文，经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定，同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专家评审。

导师签字：
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致 谢
在为期两年的研究生学习过程中，让我获益匪浅，无论是在知识与理论水平上，还是在为人处事与科学素养方面，都有了很大的提高。时光匆匆，两年短暂而美好的时光转瞬即逝，回忆两年来的点点滴滴，既有喜又有忧，既有欢乐也有失落，然而，总而言之，两年的生活让我从精神风貌到生活细节都有了很大的进步。
方老师严谨踏实的科学作风、敢于创新的钻研精神、踏实细心的为人处事方式让我汲取了精神上的营养。两年来，他在工作与科研上一直严格要求我们，每天高效率的工作让我们畅游在知识的海洋中，牢记“有的放矢，今日事，今日毕”、“事情永远做在前面，机会只给予有准备的人”的教诲；而在生活上无微不至地细心关怀我们，使我们树立起劳逸结合、积极参加锻炼、“不怕苦、能吃苦”的优良作风，他的勤劳朴素的生活作风和温情化与制度化并举的管理方式让我们终身受用。“一日为师，终身为父”。值此论文完成之际，谨向我的导师致以衷心的感谢。
在论文撰写过程中，得到了实验室师兄弟们的诸多支持和帮助，在此一并表示感谢，他们是薛广哲博士、李虎威博士、梁敏富博士、吴刚、袁保宁等。良好积极的学习氛围和其乐融融的师兄弟关系的形成都有他们的辛勤培养和浇灌，使大家能在工作时间踏实努力工作，在休息时间尽情欢乐，使我们渐渐形成认真踏实、积极进取、乐观向上的性格，为步入及融入社会打下了坚实的基础。
感谢我的校外导师——王凌鹤对我的语重心长的教诲，让我在专业知识水平和实践能力方面获得了较大的提高，并感谢华晋焦煤有限责任公司沙曲矿的领导们和工程技术人员对现场项目的实施给予了大力的支持和密切的配合，论文也包含他们努力的成果和智慧的结晶，在此一并表示感谢。
同时表示感谢的，还有教育和培养我的母校——中国矿业大学，感谢所有教育培养我的老师们，正是有了学校这个平台和老师们辛勤的教育，我才能茁壮成长！
感谢所有参考文献的作者们，通过阅读他们的文章和论文，使我获益良多，在此不再一一表示感谢。
最后，感谢各位专家、教授在百忙之中评审本文，由于时间仓促和作者水平有限，错误和疏漏之处在所难免，恳请批评和指正。

摘 要
巷道支护是矿山地下开采的一项关键技术，合理的巷道支护技术应该既能确保地下工程的安全，又具有明显的技术经济效益。现在锚杆支护技术广泛应用于矿井巷道支护。随着锚杆支护技术的广泛应用，锚杆工况状态对工程及生产的安全影响引起工程技术人员的极大关注。在不断的探索过程中，对锚杆工况检测方法的研究也取得了一定进展，积累了宝贵的经验，探索出了常用的检测手段。同时，随着科技的进步，各种新技术、新方法不断地被应用到锚杆工况的检测中来，这些技术和方法必将进一步促进锚杆支护技术的应用。
现有锚杆工况检测方法无法进行远程监控、不能实现全过程监测，本文提出了采用光纤Bragg光栅传感技术进行锚杆工况检测的新方法。光纤Bragg光栅传感器是一种新型的全光纤无源器件，是用光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）作敏感元件的功能型光纤传感器。本文在参考传统电阻应变式测力锚杆的基础上，对测力锚杆结构及工作原理进行改进和优化，自主研制了光纤Bragg光栅测力锚杆。本文首先阐述了光纤Bragg光栅传感基本原理、轴向应变特性和温度传感特性、应变—温度交叉敏感问题及锚杆工况的光纤光栅监测原理，并理论探索凹槽力学传递规律（以半圆形为例）及不同锚固方式（全长锚固、加长锚固、端部锚固）下的锚杆应力分布特征，为进一步的实验研究做好准备。其次针对光纤Bragg光栅测力锚杆，初步实验研究了测力锚杆的应变传递影响因素及探索了光纤Bragg光栅监测锚杆由开始变形到最终失效的受力全过程的可行性及适应性。通过理论分析和实验研究，为光纤Bragg光栅测力锚杆的开发与研制研发打下了坚固的基础，从而进一步提出了光纤Bragg光栅锚杆监测系统光纤Bragg光栅测力锚杆及其监测系统在山西省吕梁市（华晋焦煤有限公司）沙曲矿14301轨道巷进行了调试和应用。该测力锚杆及其监测系统能够对锚杆工况进行实时、动态监测，可以实现对锚杆失效的提前预警，对巷道的进一步优化积累了原始数据，该测力锚杆及其监测系统具有良好的实用价值和广泛的推广应用前景。
该论文有图59幅，表17个，参考文献120篇。
关键词：光纤Bragg光栅；测力锚杆；应变传递；应力分布；监测系统

XI

Abstract
Roadway supporting is a key technology in underground mining, reasonable roadway supporting technology should not only can ensure the safety of underground engineering, but also has obvious technical and economic benefit. Now the technology of anchor support is widely used in roadways of coal mine. With the wide application of anchor technology, effect of anchor condition on engineering and safe production caused great concern in the engineers. In the process of continuous exploration, research on detection methods for anchor condition have made great progress, and accumulated valuable experience, explore the commonly used means of detection. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology, new technology and new methods are constantly applied to detect anchor condition, these technologies and methods will further promote the application of anchor supporting technology.
The existing anchor condition detection methods can not achieve remote monitoring and whole process monitoring, this paper presents a new method of anchor working condition detection using fiber Bragg grating sensing technology. Fiber Bragg grating sensor is a new type of all fiber passive device, is the use of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as functional fiber sensor sensitive element. This paper refers to and is based on the traditional resistance strain type of force-measuring anchor to improve and optimize the structure and working principle of force-measuring anchor, independently developing a fiber Bragg grating force-measuring anchor. At first, this paper describes basic sensing principle of fiber Bragg grating, the properties of under axial strain and temperature sensing, cross sensitivity problem of strain-temperature and the principle of using fiber grating to monitor anchor condition, also explores the theory on mechanical transfer rules of groove(with semicircular for example) and stress distribution features in different ways of anchoring types(full-size grouted anchorage, lengthening anchorage and end anchorage), making preparation for further experimental research. Secondly, aiming at the fiber Bragg grating force-measuring anchor, launching a preliminary experimental study on strain transferring factors of force-measuring anchor and exploring the feasibility and adaptability of using fiber Bragg grating monitoring the whole loading process of anchor from the beginning of deformation to final failure. Through theoretical analysis and experimental research, has laid a solid foundation for developing and studying fiber Bragg grating force-measuring anchor, and further puts forward system of using fiber Bragg grating monitoring anchor. Fiber Bragg grating force-measuring anchor and its monitoring system was debugged and applied in No14301 Rail Roadway of Shaqu mine, Lvliang city, Shanxi province. This force-measuring anchor and its monitoring system can real-time、dynamic monitoring anchor condition, early warning anchor failure, accumulating original data for further optimization of the roadway, the force-measuring anchor and its monitoring system has a good practical value and wide application prospect.
There are 59 figures, 17 tables and 120 references in this paper.
Keywords: fiber Bragg grating; force-measuring anchor; strain transfer; stress distribution; monitoring system
目 录
摘 要 I
目 录 IV
图清单 VIII
表清单 XII
1 绪论 1
1.1 问题的提出及研究意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 2
1.3 主要研究内容、方法和技术路线 16
2 光纤Bragg光栅传感及锚杆工况监测原理 19
2.1 光纤Bragg光栅传感的基本原理 19
2.2 光纤Bragg光栅的传感特性研究 20
2.3 光纤Bragg光栅测力锚杆监测原理 25
2.4 本章小结 26
3 凹槽力学传递规律及不同锚固方式下的锚杆应力分布理论分析 28
3.1 凹槽力学模型分析 28
3.2 不同锚固方式下的锚杆应力分布 40
3.3 本章小结 49
4 光纤Bragg光栅测力锚杆的应变传递影响因素实验研究 52
4.1 研究思路及意义 52
4.2 实验材料 53
4.3 实验内容及过程 53
4.4 实验数据处理及分析 68
4.5 本章小结 70
5 光纤Bragg光栅测力锚杆的现场应用 73
5.1 矿井概况 73
5.2 工作面概况 73
5.3 现场试验地点情况 74
5.4 14301轨道巷矿压在线监测系统组成及位置布置 77
5.5 实测结果及分析 80
5.6 本章小结 83
6 主要结论及展望 84
6.1 主要结论 84
6.2 展望 85
参考文献 87
作者简历 95
学位论文原创声明 96
学位论文数据集 97

Contents
Abstract II
Contents VI
List of Figures VIII
List of Tables XII
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Presentation of the Problem and Research Meaning 1
1.2 Current Research Status of Overseas and Domestic 2
1.3 The Main Research Contents, Methods and Technical Means 16
2 The Principle of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing and Anchor Working Condition Monitoring 19
2.1 The Basic Principle of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing 19
2.2 Study on the Sensing Characteristic of Fiber Bragg Grating 20
2.3 The Principle of Fiber Bragg Grating Force-measuring Anchor Monitoring 25
2.4 Brief Summary 26
3 Theoretical Analysis of Mechanical Transfer Law of Groove and Stress Distribution of Anchor With Different Anchoring Types 28
3.1 Analysis of Groove Mechanical Model 28
3.2 Stress Distribution of Anchor With Different Anchoring Types 40
3.3 Brief Summary 49
4 Experimental Study on the Influence Factors of Transmission of Fiber Bragg Grating Force-measuring Anchor 52
4.1 Research Methods and Significance 52
4.2 Eperimental Materials 53
4.3 Content and Process of the Experiment 53
4.4 Processing and Analysis of Experimental Data 68
4.5 Brief Summary 70
5 Field Application of Fiber Bragg Grating Forcemeasuring Anchor 73
5.1 General Situation of the Coal Mine 73
5.2 General Situation of the Working Face 73
5.3 Situation of Experimental Location 74
5.4 The Composition and Location of Online Mine Pressure Monitoring System in No.14301 Rail Roadway 77
5.5 Measured Results and Analysis 80
5.6 Brief Summary 83
6 Main Conclusions and Prospects 84
6.1 Main Conclusions 84
6.2 Prospects 85
References 87
Author Resume 95
Declaration of Thesis Originality 96
Thesis Data Collection 97

图清单
图序号
图名称
页码
图1-1
光纤光栅位移传感器
9
Figure 1-1
FBG displacement sensor
9
图1-2
光纤光栅位移传感器原理图
9
Figure 1-2
Mechanism of FBG displacement sensor
9
图1-3
基于压力效应的光纤光栅加速度计
10
Figure 1-3
FBG accelerometer based on pressure action
10
图1-4
基于双挠性梁的光纤光栅加速度计
10
Figure 1-4
FBG accelerometer using bending beam
10
图1-5
基于L型刚性梁的光纤光栅加速度计
10
Figure 1-5
FBG accelerometer using L beam
10
图1-6
双光栅加速度传感器
10
Figure 1-6
Accelerometer based double FBG
10
图1-7
光纤光栅拉索压力环
11
Figure 1-7
FBG pressure sensor
11
图1-8
光纤光栅伸长计
11
Figure 1-8
FBG extensometer
11
图1-9
光纤光栅曲率计结构图
11
Figure 1-9
Sketch of FBG curvature sensor
11
图1-10
光纤光栅土壤湿度计
11
Figure 1-10
FBG soil hygrometer
11
图1-11
光纤光栅倾角仪
11
Figure 1-11
Fiber Bragg grating-based inclinometer
11
图1-12
光纤光栅沥青计
12
Figure 1-12
Fiber Bragg grating-based asphalt sensor
12
图1-13
电阻应变式测力锚杆杆体结构示意图
15
Figure 1-13
Schematic diagram of body structure of resistance strain type force-measuring anchor

15
图1-14
CD型钢弦式测力锚杆结构
15
Figure 1-14
The structure of CD type vibrating wire force-measuring anchor
15
图1-15
技术路线图
18
Figure 1-15
Technology roadmap
18
图2-1
光纤Bragg光栅的传感原理
19
Figure 2-1
Sensing principles of FBG
19
图2-2
光纤Bragg光栅轴向均匀受力结构图
20
Figure 2-2
The structure diagram of FBG under uniform axial stress
20
图3-1
锚杆表面开半圆形凹槽封装光纤Bragg光栅的力学模型（局部放大图）
29
Figure 3-1
The mechanical model of anchor with a semicircular groove milled on the surface of it to encapsulate fiber Bragg grating（partial enlarged detail）
29
图3-2
光纤体及保护层受力模型
29
Figure 3-2
The force model of optical fiber body and a protective layer
29
图3-3
粘贴层受力模型
30
Figure 3-3
The force model of bonding layer
30
图3-4
锚杆表面开半圆形凹槽封装光纤Bragg光栅的等价模型
31
Figure 3-4
The equivalent model of anchor with a semicircular groove milled on the surface of it to encapsulate fiber Bragg grating
31
图3-5
纤芯内轴向应变沿长度分布（光栅长度60mm）
34
Figure 3-5
Axial strain distribution inside the core along the length(the length of the fiber Bragg grating is 60mm)
34
图3-6
纤芯内轴向应变沿长度分布（光栅长度80mm）
34
Figure 3-6
Axial strain distribution inside the core along the length(the length of the fiber Bragg grating is 80mm)
34
图3-7
纤芯内轴向应变沿长度分布（光栅长度100mm）
35
Figure 3-7
Axial strain distribution inside the core along the length(the length of the fiber Bragg grating is 100mm)
35
图3-8
应变传递效率随中间介质层厚度的变化
37
Figure 3-8
Strain transfer efficiency varying with the thickness of middle medium layer
37
图3-9
应变传递率随中间介质弹性模量的变化
38
Figure 3-9
Strain transfer efficiency varying with the elastic modulus of middle medium layer
38
图3-10
应变传递率随中间介质泊松比的变化
38
Figure 3-10
Strain transfer efficiency varying with the poisson's ratio of middle medium layer
38
图3-11
传感器长度和中间介质层厚度对平均应变传递效率的影响
39
Figure 3-11
Strain transfer efficiency varying with sensor's length and the middle medium layer's thickness
39
图3-12
Mindlin解的计算简图
42
Figure 3-12
The calculation diagram of the solutions of Mindlin
42
图3-13
剪应力和轴力分布
43
Figure 3-13
The distribution of shear stress and axial stress
43
图3-14
Kelvin问题计算简图
44
Figure 3-14
The calculation diagram of the Kelvin problem
44
图3-15
全长锚固和加长锚固方式下锚杆所受应力沿锚杆杆体的分布曲线
47
Figure 3-15
Stress distribution of anchor along the rod body under full-size grouted anchorage and lengthening anchorage
47
图3-16
锚杆约束下的岩体变形
48
Figure 3-16
Deformation of rock under the constraint of anchor
48
图4-1
实验测试系统中光纤Bragg光栅布置图和圆钢截面图
54
Figure 4-1
Fiber Bragg grating layout and round steel section graph in experimental test system
54
图4-2
粘贴好后的圆钢
55
Figure 4-2
Pasted round steel
55
图4-3
MTS试验机上实验时各过程变化
58
Figure 4-3
Pictures of each process in MTS test machine
58
图4-4
光纤光栅测力锚杆标定装置实验平台
59
Figure 4-4
Experimental platform of fiber grating force-measuring anchor calibration device
59
图4-5
方案5在整个拉拔过程的应变片转化后的应变变化趋势图
60
Figure 4-5
Strain change trend after transforming strain gauge in the whole process of drawing experiment in experimental scheme
60
图4-6
方案5整个拉拔过程的光纤Bragg光栅波长变化量趋势图
61
Figure 4-6
Fiber Bragg grating wavelength variation trend in the whole process of drawing experiment in experimental scheme 5
61
图4-7
方案5中光纤Bragg光栅应变传递率在整个拉拔过程的趋势图
61
Figure 4-7
Strain transfer rate trend of fiber Bragg grating in the whole process of drawing experiment in experimental scheme 5
61
图4-8
方案5中两个Bragg光栅都显示数据段内的光纤Bragg光栅应变传递率趋势图（相当于局部放大的效果）
62
Figure 4-8
Strain transfer rate trend of fiber Bragg grating in the process of two Bragg grating both display data in experimental scheme 5 (equivalent to the local amplification effect)
62
图4-9
方案5拉拔试验前面阶段Bragg光栅计算后的应变值和应变片应变值随时间变化曲线
62
Figure 4-9
Strain value of Bragg grating after calculation and strain gauge changes with time in initial stage of pullout test in experimental scheme 5
62
图4-10
方案5中弹性阶段应变片应变值随时间变化及其趋势线
63
Figure 4-10

Strain value of strain gauge changes with time and its trend in the elastic stage in experimental scheme 5
63
图4-11
方案5中弹性阶段Bragg光栅计算后的应变值随时间变化及其趋势线
63
Figure 4-11

Strain value of Bragg grating after calculation changes with time and its trend in the elastic stage in experimental scheme 5
63
图4-12
方案5中MTS试验机上数据绘制的负荷—伸长量曲线
64
Figure 4-12
Drawing curve of force-extension by using data on MTS testing machine in experimental scheme 5
64
图4-13
方案1中MTS试验机上自动绘制的负荷—伸长量曲线截图
64
Figure 4-13
Screenshot of automatic drawing curve of force-extension on MTS testing machine in experimental scheme 1
64
图5-1
14301工作面布置图
74
Figure 5-1
Layout of 14301 working face
74
图5-2
14301工作面综合柱状图
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Figure 5-2
Synthesis column map of 14301 working face
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图5-3
14301轨道巷支护形式（层间距大于2m）
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Figure 5-3
Form of No.14301 rail roadway supporting(layer spacing is larger than2m)
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图5-4
14301轨道巷支护形式（层间距在1m-2m之间
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Figure 5-4
Form of No.14301 rail roadway supporting(layer spacing is between 1m and 2m)
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图5-5
14301轨道巷支护形式（层间距小于1m）
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Figure 5-5
Form of No.14301 rail roadway supporting(layer spacing is smaller than 1m)
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图5-6
14301轨道巷
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Figure 5-6
No.14301 rail roadway
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图5-7
14301轨道巷光