牛津英语8A-unit4-do-it-yourself.doc

教学内容
Unit4 知识点讲解
Language points.
ic strip
1，,You’d better get some tools. had常与主语缩写成’d, 如he had = he’d
had better do sth. 最好做某事 had better not do sth. 最好不要做某事
e.g. You’d better go out for a walk. She’d better not cry.
2. instead of 后面常跟名词、代词或动名词 instead of +sth／doing sth 而不是，代替
e.g. I will go instead of my brother.
I am going to watch TV instead of going shopping.
instead 是副词，常用于句末或句首。置于句首时，通常用逗号隔开。
e.g. They won’t go shopping. They will watch TV instead.
1. repair: 常用短语 have sth. repaired “使某物被修理”
e.g. My watch is broken. I will have it repaired.
Readings
T: Wonderful! You have a very good memory. Now let’s move on to look at some
useful phrases and sentences in the articles and learn to use them:
1. look terrible 看起来可怕的 , 副词为 terribly
多么骇人听闻的消息！What terrible news !
2. once 曾经，一度。常用于过去时。
他曾经生活在美国，但现在他生活在英国。
He once lived in America ,but now he lives in England.
Once there was a river in the village. 从前在这个村子里有一条河。
once还可表示“一次”。一天一次：once a day. 对其提问用How often.
3. advise him to take a course in DIY. 建议他学习自己动手做方面的课程
建议某人（不要）做某事 advise sb (not ) to do sth.
She advised her husband not to smoke ,but he wouldn’t. 她建议她丈夫戒烟但他不听。
4. be crazy about DIY. 对自己动手做着迷。
be crazy about 意为“对……着迷；非常喜欢……”
(1)他疯了，因此应该把他关起来。
He is crazy, so he should be locked up .
(2)那些女孩子对位歌手很痴迷。
The girls are crazy about the singer.
(3)杰克对玩电脑游戏很着迷。
Jack is crazy about playing puter games .
5. put in a brighter light 安装一个更亮的灯 put in 意为“安装”。
举起，张贴，挂上 put up 推迟，拖延put off 收拾，整理 put away 穿上put on
We put in a new air-conditioner when we moved here. 我们搬到这儿的时候安装了一台新空调。
6. “犯错误make a mistake / make mistakes .错误地 by mistake . 误把A当作B mistake A for B
7. fill the room with water 把房间里装满水
fill…with…“用某物填充”。be filled with 是 fill …with…的被动形式，意为“被…装满’,主语为物。
[混辨析]be full of 与be filled with 的区别。二者意思都为“用某物填充”，有时可以互换，但是：be full of 强调“充满的”这一状态，而be filled with 通常强调动作。
The bottle is full of wine . 瓶子里装满了酒。
Her eyes are filled with tears. 她的眼睛里含着泪水。
8. not only …but also…意为“不仅 而且；和 都.” 可以连接并列的主语，宾语或表语. 当连接并列的主语时，谓语动词的形式由but also后的主语来决定。
Not only your parents but also I am proud of you. 不仅你的父母为你骄傲，我也为你骄傲。
My mother is not only a good teacher but also a good cook . 妈妈不仅是个好老师而且是好厨师。
He can speak not only English but also Japanese. 他不仅会说英语而且还会说日语。
9. attend lessons 上课。attend动词,意为“经常去，出席”，常指参加会议，集会，典礼，婚礼，追悼会等，有时也指上学，听课，听报告等。它强调额是动作，即听或看，为正式书面用语。
join 意为“参加，加入（团体，党派，组织等），并成为其中一员，也可指加入一群人做事。如：加入我们 join us . tale part in 意为“参加，加入”，表示参加某项工作，事业，活动等。
参加学校运动会take part in the school sports meeting
我需要参加明天的会议吗？.Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?
10.keep on painting. 继续刷。 继续做某事 keep on doing sth.
keep on doing sth和 keep doing sth 都表示继续做某事。keep doing 是指持续不断的一直保持这个状态，而 keep on doing sth表示中途停下来过，然后再去继续做它。
他毕业后继续学英语。He keeps on learning English after graduation.
他一直在跑。He keeps running.
11. have a power cut 断电
12. make him angry 使他生气
13. no problem 没问题
14. on the shelf在架子上
15. paint the wall blue把墙刷成蓝色
归纳
在本课学习的否定前缀中,in--从来都不会用在以字母l,r 开头的单词前;im--一般用在以字母b,m或p开头的单词前，ir--一般用在以字母r开头的单词前.
Unit 4 Do it yourself ( Wele to the unit --- Reading )
1.你自己动手做 do it yourself
2.这儿有清楚的指示 here are clear instructions
3.最好拿一些工具 had better get some tools
4.最好（不）做某事 had better ( not ) do sth
5.上面写着/显示 It says
6.代表自己动手做 stand for “do-it-yourself”
7.而不是付钱给别人去做 instead of paying someone to do it
8.替代做某事 instead of doing sth
9.用......装饰...... derorate sth with sth
10.付钱给某人做某事 pay sb to do sth
11.做一些纸玫瑰 make some paper roses
12.听起来真可爱 sound lovely
13.一把剪刀 a pair of scissors
14.喜欢做新的东西 enjoy making something new
15.对“自己动手做”很着迷 be crazy about DIY
16.着迷于做谋事 be crazy about doing sth
17.喜欢修补东西 love to repair things
18.看起来很糟糕 look terrible
19.尝试在他的卧室安装一盏更亮的灯 try to put in a brighter light in his bedroom
put 相关短语：
put up举起，张贴，挂上，搭建， 竖立
put up your hands , put up a picture on the wall
put up a tent , put up a sign
put on穿上 put up your coat
put out 灭火 put out the fire
20.犯一个错误 make a mistake
21.他的整个房子 his whole house
22.停止了供电 have a power cut
23.想在他卧室的墙上钉一幅画 want to put up a picture on his bedroom wall
24.撞上一根水管 hit a pipe
25.使房间充满了水 fill the room with water
26.被装满某物/充满某物 be filled with
=be full of
27.把它刷成蓝色 paint it blue
28.继续刷着 keep on painting
29.不仅...而且... not only...but also...
不只我的父母我对别人也很礼貌。
Not only mu parents but also I am polite to others.
我妈妈不仅是个好老师而且是个好厨师。
My mother is not only a good teacher but also a good cook .
他不仅会讲英语而且会讲日语。
He can speak not only English but also Japanese .
30.想在床的上方搁一个架子 want a shelf above my bed
31.花了五个小时把架子钉在墙上 spend five hours putting up the shelf on the wall
32.把我的书放在架子上 put my books on the shelf
33.架子的一端 比另一端高的多。 One end of the shelf is much higher than the other .
34.买了一些关于“自己动手做”的书给他 buy some books about DIY for him
35.建议他学习有关“自己动手做”的课程 advise him to take a course in DIY
36.建议某人做某事 advise sb ( not ) to do sth
37.让他生气 make him angry
38.了解了关于它的一切 know everything about it
39.自己阅读所有的书 read all the books myself
40.每周六去上课 attend lessons every Saturday
出席会议 attend the meeting
41.知道更多的关于“自己动手做”方面的知识 know much more about DIY
42.学习有关“自己动手做”的课程 take a course in DIY

Unit 4 Do it yourself (Exercises of Reading--- Integrated skills)
1. fail to do sth. 做某事失败
2. only a few minutes 只有几分钟
3. want to get better at DIY 想要在DIY上变得更好
4. fix the shelf for me 为我修理架子
5. touch the wet paint 触摸未干的油漆
6. cut out pieces of card with a pair of scissors 用一把剪刀剪出几张卡片
7. on the other side of the card 在卡片的另外一边
8. give up (doing ) sth. 放弃（做）某事
9. Keep trying and you will find you can remember things better.
持续尝试，你就会发现你能更好得记住东西。
10. know a little about DIY 了解一点关于DIY的知识
11. put so many books on the shelf 在架子上放如此多的书
12. Your watch is broken. = There is something wrong with your watch.
你的手表坏了。
13. had better not be late for school 最好不要上课迟到
14. begin your work without reading them 不读它们就开始你的工作
15. join a DIY club to learn more about it
参加一个DIY俱乐部来更多地学习关于它
16. It’ll take time to do a DIY job. 做一个DIY的工作将花费时间。
17. how to make a fruit salad 怎样制作一份水果沙拉
18. mix them together 把它们混合在一起
19. mix sth. with sth. 把某物和某物混合在一起
20. add some salad cream 加上一些沙拉奶油
21. add.. to… 把…加到…里面去
22. cut some of the larger fruit into small pieces把大一些的水果切成小块
23. choose your favourite fruit 选择你最喜欢的水果
24. tips for making a fruit salad 制作水果沙拉的提示
25. use fruit in season 使用时令水果
26. Make sure it is fresh. 确保它是新鲜的。
27. make sure (not) to do sth./ make sure (that) +从句
确保（不）做某事/ 确保…
28. use fruit of different colours 用不同颜色的水果
29. try to make your fruit salad look as good as it tastes
尽力使你的水果沙拉看上去和它尝起来一样的好
30. for example（举例）+ 句子 例如
31. such as（罗列）+n.(n.短)/v-ing 比如
32. make the salad look very colourful 使水果沙拉看上去色彩缤纷
33. prepare the fruit salad 准备水果沙拉
34. quickly turn brown 很快变成棕色
35. leave it in the air for some time 使它处于空气中一段时间
36. leave v. 离开 leave sp. 离开某地 leave for sp. 离开去某地
落下，遗忘 leave sth + 介词短语 把某物遗忘在某地
使处于某种状态 leave sth +adj/adv.
e.g. leave the door open/closed 使门处于开着/关着的状态leave the lights on/off 使灯处于开着/关着的状态
leave sb./sth.+介词短语 使某人或某物处于… 的状态e.g. leave the baby at home alone 使宝宝独自在家
37. It’s time for lunch.= It’s time to have lunch. 是吃午饭的时间了。
38. It’s time for/ to do sth. 是做某事的时间了。
39. It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时间了。
40. stop cleaning the house 停止打扫房子
41. stop doing sth. 停止做某事
Stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
42. make some sandwiches 做一些三明治
43. be quick and easy to make 做起来既快又容易
44. pick a piece of bread 拿一片面包
45. put some tomato sauce on it 在它上面放一些番茄酱
46. put some ham and vegetables on it 在它上面放一些火腿和蔬菜
47. That’s correct (right). 那是正确的。
correct adj. 正确的 （反义词）incorrect
correctly adv. 不正确地 （反义词）incorrectly
48. put another piece of bread on the top of it 把另一片面包放在它上面

Unit 4 Do it yourself (Study skills--- Task)
可加前缀的形容词及其反义词

certain uncertain
fortable unfortable
important unimportant
interesting uninteresting
able unable
friendly unfriendly
happy unhappy
healthy unhealthy kind unkind
lucky unlucky
tidy untidy
usual unusual
helpful unhelpful

pupular unpupular
fair（公正的） unfair
pleasant（令人愉快的） unpleasant
active inactive
correct incorrect
plete（完全的） inplete
direct(直接的) indirect
patient impatient
possible impossible
polite impolite
proper(恰当的) improper
honest dishonest

1. Do you spend a lot of time doing outdoor sports? 你花多少时间进行户外运动？
2. Il’s impossible to sleep with all that noise. 有那样的噪音不可入睡。
3. be certain = be sure 确定
4. all over the floor 遍及满地
5. tidy it up 整理好它
6. right now (at once) 立即，马上
7. keep it secret 保密
8. decide to make her a birthday card by myself 决定我自己给她制作生日贺卡。
9. plan to make the card with some roses on it 计划制作上面有玫瑰的贺卡。
10. help me with the drawing = help me draw the picture 帮我画画
11. have fun working together 一起做得开心
12. have fun\have a goog time \enjoy oneself （in）doing sth 开心地做某事
13. go wrong (adj.) 弄错 犯错
14. keep spelling the words wrong （adv.） 总是错误地拼写单词
15. colour\paint the roses red 把玫瑰涂成红色
16. cut out a picture of colourful balloons 剪出一张彩色气球的图片
17. stick(stuck) it on the cover 把它粘在封面上
18. plete the card 完成贺卡
19. There was paint on everything. 到处都是涂料
20. This is the first card I made for Mun. 这是我为妈妈制作的第一张贺卡。
21. put together a piece of furniture 组装家具
22. make things from old clothes 用旧衣服制作东西
23. make your mum a card = make a card for your mum 为你妈妈制作贺卡
【短语归纳】
1. had better 最好 2. no problem 没问题
3. stand for 代表，象征 4. instead of 而不是，代替
5. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 6. be crazy about 对……着迷
7. put in 安装 8.power cut 供电中断；停电
9. make a mistake 犯错误 10. put up张贴，悬挂
11. fill……with……用……填充…… 12. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事
13. not only...but also... 不仅...而且... 14. full of 充满
15. in front of 在……前面 16. cut...into....把....切成...
17. make sure 确保 18. for example 例如
19. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 20. a piece of 一片
21. be able to 能，会 22. tidy up 收拾妥，整理好
23. by oneself 靠自己 24. keep it secret 保密
25. go wrong 弄错 26. cut out 剪出
27. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 28. in the end 最后
29. put together 组装
【用法集萃】
1. buy sth. For sb. 给某人买某物
2. advise sb. To do sth. 建议某人做某事
3. make+宾语+宾补 使……成为
4. tell sb.(not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不）做某事
5. decide to do sth. 决定做某事

语法专项
一． 祈使句
【教材典句】
1. Put up a picture on the wall. 在墙上挂一幅画。
2. Don’t touch the wet paint, please. 请不要触摸湿油漆。
上面的两个句子没有主语，表示命令或建议，这样的句子是祈使句。
【语法全解】
1. 基本概念：祈使句是英语的基本句型之一，表达说话人对对方的叮嘱。劝告、请求或命令等，往往表示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等。祈使句一般没有主语，主语you常省略，句末用感叹号或句号，肯定结构常以动词原形开头。朗读时用降调。
Go and ask the teacher. 去问问老师。
e and meet my family. 来见见我的家人
2. 基本结构
肯定句式有三种形式：
（1） Do 型(行为动词原形+副词）
Sit down! 坐下！
Stand up. 起立！
（2） Be 型（Be+表语，如名词、形容词）
Be quiet! 安静！
（3) Let型（Let+人称代词宾语+动词原形+其他成分)
Let me help you. 让我来帮助你。
注意：为了使祈使句的语气婉转、客气，常加上please“请”一词，构成句式：please........或......., please.
e here, please. 请来这儿。
Please look after your little sister. 请照顾你的小妹妹。
3. 祈使句的肯定结构是以动词原形开头，否定结构是以“Don’t +动词原形”开头。
Don’t go there,please. 请别去那儿。
Don’ let him in. 不要让他进来。

助记：祈使句的用法
祈使句并不难，动词原形放句前。
否定句很简单，Don’t 站在动原前。
尊重对方有礼貌，please句首、句末添
(1)Jack， ，or you will get heavier.
A. doesn’t play sports any more B. doesn’t eat so much meat
C. don’t play sports any more D. don’t eat so much meat
(2) get off the bus before it stops.
A. Don’t B. Doesn’t C. Didn’t
二． Should 和had better
【教材典句】
1. You should not put so many books on the shelf. 你不应当在书架上放如此多的书。
2. You had better not be late for school. 你最好不要上学迟到。
上面两个句子中的should和had better 用于提建议，告诉人们最好做某事或最好不做某事。
【语法全解】
1. Should情态动词，意为“应该，应当”。用来表示劝告或提建议，没有人称和数的变化，其后接动词原形。
He should work harder. 他应该更加努力工作。
You should help your mother with the housework. 你应该帮助你母亲做家务。
You should stop smoking. 你应该戒烟。
【拓展】should的用法：
should表示“要求；命令”
You shouldn’t talk in class. 你不许在课堂上说话。
‚should 表示“预测；可能”
His backpack should be in the classroom. 他的背包可能在教室里。
2. had better 意为“最好”，相当于一个情态动词，没有人称、数和时态的变化，可缩写为“’d better”，其后接动词原形。可用于提出建议、劝告或表示一种愿望。含有“应该做”之意，十分不客气，所以一般只用于对晚辈或平辈，不用于对长辈。had better 的两种形式：
肯定形式：had better 后加动词原形，意为“最还做……”。
You’d better go too hospital at once. 你最好立即去医院。
‚否定形式：had better+not+动词原形，意为“最好不做……”。
You had better not miss the last bus. 你最好不要错过末班公共汽车。

【语法专练】
( )1. Boys and girls, up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp(夏令营).
A. putting B. to put C. put D.to putting
( )2. more，and you’ll improve your spoken English.
A. Speak B. Speaks C. Speaking D. To speak
( )3. It’s cold outside. You put on your coat.
A. had better to B. had better
C. would better D. would better to
( )4. Maybe you say sorry to your sister.
A. shall B. should C. will D. would
( )5. You give up smoking.
A. could B. would C. should D. Might

阅读技巧
“通过定义或释义关系猜词”解阅读理解题
阅读理解中有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，作者为了使读者正确理解，需要做出较浅显的解释或说明。我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章上下