牛津译林版初中形容词和副词比较级和最高级全解.doc

形容词副词比较级和最高级的基本概念：
绝大多数形容词副词都有三种形式,即原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示说明的性质状态在程度上的不同。当我们只是简单表达事物的性质和状态时，用形容词副词的原级和基本句型结构来表达就可以了。当我们要对事物做出比较时，就要用到它们的比较级和最高级，以及他们相对应的句型构成。

知识点一、形容词副词的比较级和最高级变化规则：
形容词的原级: 形容词，副词的原级形式就是词典中出现的原形。
例如:poor, tall ,great, quickly.carefully等。
形容词副词比较级和最高级：形式上要进行相应的变化，变化规则如下：
（1）规则变化：
①单音节和部分双音节的形容词比较级一般在词尾加-er，最高级在词尾加-est
 e.g: smart--smarter—smartest
calm--calmer—calmest    tall--taller--tallest
②以字母e结尾的比较级直接在词尾加-r，最高级加-st.
 e.g: nice--nicer -nicest   fine--finer-finest   large—larger--largest
③以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为 i，比较级加-er”，最高级加-est.
 e.g: early—earlier-earliest   happy—happier-happiest   busy—busier-busiest
④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est
 e.g: big—bigger-biggest   thin—thinner-thinnest   hot—hotter-hottest
⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词,比较级在原级前面加more，最高级在原级前加most
e.g: popular--more popular—most popular  
important--more important—most important
slow -- more slowly -- most slowly
（2）不规则变化：（少数形容词，副词）
good/well—better--best   bad/ill/badly—worse--worst  
many/much—more--most
little—less--least   far--farther/further—farthest/furthest old---older/elder—oldest/eldest
● 相关练习：
一、 写出下列单词的反义词
1. hot____ 2.new________ 3. clean________
4. high________ 5. heavy______ 6.cold_______
7. bad______ 8.carefuly________
二、 写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级
1.old ______ ________ 2.busy _________ __________
3.thin ________ ________ 4.many _________ __________
5.slowly ________ _______ 6.delicious _________
7.few________ _______ 8.polite _________ _________

知识点二、比较级的用法: (掌握大框架的同时，抓住细节！)
(一)当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，比较级基本句型：
 形容词/副词比较级+than+…
e.g I am taller than you.我比你高。
   He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。
(二) 比较级其它常用句型
1．“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。   
It is getting warmer and warmer．（单音节）天气越来越暖和。
He is running faster and faster．（单音节）他跑得越来越快。
0ur country is being more and more beautiful．（部分双音节和多音节）我们祖国越来越美了。
2．“the比较级…， the比较级…”表示“越……，就越……”，
The more，the better.多多益善。
The more you eat, the fatter you will bee. （吃得越多，就会变得越胖。）
The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，犯错就越少。
3．“the 比较级of the two…”表示“两个当中较。。。的一个”
  The taller of the two boys is my brother.（两个男孩中较高的是我哥哥。）
4.在两者之间进行选择“哪一个更……”时， 用句型“which/who is +比较级，A or B ?
Which sweater is cheaper, the red one or the yellow one?
（哪个毛衣比较便宜些，红色的还是黄色的？）
★ 备注：
1．比较级前面一般可以用much, even, a little，a lot修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。
e.g： He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。
  I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。
想一想，这些词能修饰形容词或副词的原级吗？
2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。
e.g：I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。
This building is 20 meters higher than that one.（这做大楼比那座高20米
3. 比较级+than +any other +单数可数名词+in…（…比…中的其他任何一个都…）
The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.（同一范围比较）
长江比中国的任何一条河流长。
The Changjiang River is longer than any river in India。（不同范围比较）
长江比印度的任何一条河流长。

知识点三、最高级的用法: (掌握大框架的同时，抓住细节！)

当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词，副词的最高级

（一）．最高级基本句型：
表达“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容词（副词）的最高级+表示范围的介词短语（常用in/of/among或从句，其中of/among后面接表示范围的人或物，in后面接表示范围的名词或名词性短语。
e.g He jumps the highest of the three boys. 他是三个男孩里跳得最高的。
Russia is the largest country in the world。俄罗斯是世界上最大的国家。
（一）．最高级其它常用句型：
1．表示“最…的…中一个”，用“one of +the +最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达。
e.g：He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一。
This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之。
2.序数词+形容词的最高级。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .
(黄河是中国第二长河。)
China is the third largest country in the world .
（中国是世界上第三大国家。）
3.在对三者或者三者以上的人或物进行进行选择“哪一个更……”时， 用句型“which/who is +最高级，A B or C ?
Who is the quickest , Tom ，lily or Peter ?
（谁是最快的，汤姆。莉莉，还是彼得？）
4.形容词物主代词表示+最高级，表示：某人或某物的最……
Peter is his oldest son .彼得是他的长子。

备注：易混淆知识点：
1.形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不能要定冠词the.
2.按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。 
e.g He is more careful than I (me).
3.只有同类的事物才能比较  
e.g：Her bag is bigger than mine. 
不能说 Her bag is bigger than I.
The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.
不能说The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.

知识点四．原级，比较级和最高级的句型转换
This bridge is three times the length of that one . （原级：这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。）
可转换成：
This bridge is three times as long as that one .（同级比较级）
This bridge is three times longer than that one .（比较级）
(2) Li Lei is much fatter than the other boys. （比较级：李雷比其它男孩胖得多。）
可转换成：
Li Lei is the fattest of all the boys. （最高级）
The other boys aren’t so fat as Li Lei. （同级比较级）
(3) Liu Mei is the tallest of all the students. （最高级：刘梅是所有学生里最高的。）
可转换成：
Liu Mei is taller than any other student. （比较级）
No student is as tall as Liu Mei. （同级比较级）

● 过关检测：

开始认真做作业吧，考虑得越仔细，做得就会越好！

1. Yingtian is not as ___________ (tall) asYongxian.
2. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _______ (fat) than before .
3. Which is _________ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?
4.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally?
-- She' s 1.55 metres ________ (tall). What about Xiaoling?
-- She' s only 1.40 metres ______ (tall). She is much _______(short) than Sally. She is also the _______ (short)girlin theclass.
5. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _________ (bad) at English.
6. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.
7. An orange ia a little _ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.
8. The basketball _______ ________ ________ the baseball. (big)
9. A rose ________ ________ __________ ________ a weed(野草). (beautiful)
10. Toronto is _____ ______ city in Canada. (large)
11. Playing puter games is______ ___ _____ of all the activities.(interesting).
12. The Nile(尼羅河) is ______ ________river in the world. (long)
13. Taking a taxi is ______ _______ way to get to the airport. (easy)
14. Test 1 is _____ _______ _________of all the tests. （difficult）22. He is ________than any other boy in the class.（clever）
15. The window is ________ ________ of the two. (narrow)
四、 选择题
( )1. She is ________ than ________ .
A. busier / us B. busier / we
C. more busy / us D. more busy / we
( )2. Jane is ________ than Betty.
A. less taller B. less tallest
C. less tall D. not as tall
( )3. China is ________ country in the world.
A. the third largest B. the largest third
C. the third large D. a third largest
( )4.-Which is ____ season inBeijing?
　 -I think it's autumn.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
( )5- Which is________ , the sun, the moon or the earth?
- Of course, the moon is.
A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest
( )6.The air inBeijingis getting much _____ now than a few years ago.
A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest
( )7. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _____ than before.
　　 A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest
( )8．I study English as_______as my brother.
A.hard B. harder C. hardest
( )9. Which is _____ , a bicycle or a puter?
A. expensive B.more expensive C.the most expensive
( )10. The Yellow River is one of ______rivers inChina.
A. long B. longer C. the longest
( )11. The earth is about____ as the moon.
  A. as fifty time big B. fifty times as big
C. as big fifty times D. fifty as times big
( )12. Your room ____ is mine.
  A. twice as large than  B. twice the size of 
C. bigger twice than D. as twice large as
( ) 13. Your room is ___ than mine.
A. three time big B. three times big
C. three times bigger D. bigger three times
( ) 14. His father is____than his mother. ;
A. older four years B. as four years older
C. four years older D. bigger four years
( ) 15. Maths is more popular than____.
A. any other subject B. all the subjects
C. any subject D. other subject
( ) 16. China is larger than ____ in Africa.
A. any other country B. other countries
C. the other country D. any country
( ) 17. Tom is stronger than ___ in his class.
A. any other boy B. any boys
C. any boy D. other boy
( ) 18. When spring es, it gets____.
    A. warm and warm B. colder and colder
    C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter
) 19. By and by, ____ students in our class came to like English.
A. more and more B. much and much
C. many and many D. less and least
( ) 20. At last he began to cry ___.
    A. hard and hard B. more hard and more hard
    C. harder and harder D. less hard and less harder
( ) 21. When spring es the days get ____ and nights ____.
A. short; long B. long; short
C. longer; shorter D. shorter; longer
( )22. ___ I look at the picture, ____ I like it.
A. The best; the more  B. The more; the less
    C. The more; less  D. More; the more
( )23. ___ he read the book, ____ he got in it.
    A. The more; the more interesting
    B. The less; the more interesting
    C. The more; the more interested
    D. More; more interested
( )24. ___ you e back, _____ it will be.
    A, The quicker; the best   B. The sooner; the better
    C. Faster; the better    D. The sooner; better