1、(每日一练每日一练)全国通用版高中英语必修一全国通用版高中英语必修一 Unit4NaturalDisastersUnit4NaturalDisasters 基础知识手基础知识手册册 单选题 1、The man _ coat is black is waiting at the gate.AwhosBwhoseCthatDof which 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:穿黑色外套的那个人正在门口等着。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是man,关系词在从句中作定语,和 coat 是所属关系,应用 whose 引导。故选 B 项。2、One day,an idea _ Waters that
2、maybe her cooking could help her make some money.AstruckBbeatCoccurredDrecalled 答案:A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:有一天,沃特斯突然想到,也许她的厨艺可以帮她赚些钱。A.struck 击打,突然想到;B.beat 打败;C.occurred 出现,(想法)产生;D.recalled 回想起。根据句意可知,句中表达了“突然想到”的含义,需要用到 sth.strikes sb.或 sth.occurs to sb.来表示;此处为一般过去时,所以动词要用过去式。故选 A 项。3、Understanding the cul
3、tural habits of another nation,especially _ containing as many different cultures as the United States is a difficult thing.AwhichBoneCthatDit 答案:B 考查不定代词。句意:要了解一个国家的文化习惯,尤其是像美国这样一个集成了多种文化国家的文化,是很困难的。A.which 指代物;B.one 一个;C.that 指代人或物;D.it 它。通过句子结构判断,整句话中只有一个谓语动词 is,所以不能使用从句的引导词,排除 A 和 C,同时 it 指代的是同类
4、同物,表示特指,不符合题意。整个句子的主语是 Understanding the cultural habits of another nation,one 作为同位语,泛指前文提到的一个国家的文化习惯。后面的 containing as many different cultures as the United States 是对 one 进行修饰,使用的是现在分词作后置定语。故选 B。4、It is in the hall can house 10,000 people the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will
5、 be held.Awhich;thatBwhere;thatCwhich;whoDwhere;whom.答案:A 考查定语从句和强调句。句意:全球 5G 技术峰会的开幕式将在可以容纳 10,000 人的大厅里举行。分析句子可知,can house 10,000 people 是定语从句,修饰 the hall,指物,从句中做主语,用关系代词 which 或that,故排除 B、D 项;因为 the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held in the hall 是完整的句子,故是强调句型,强调地点状语
6、in the hall can house 10,000 people。故第二空用 that,综上,故选 A。小提示:定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点:(1)一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用 who 或 whom,指人时通常不用 which 等。(2)二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用 whose,有时也用 which;作状语要用 when,where,why。(3)三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如 that 和 why 通常不引导非限制性
7、定语从句。例如第一空,分析句子可知,can house 10,000 people 是定语从句,修饰 the hall,指物,从句中做主语,用关系代词 which 或 that。5、We study in a classroom _ windows face to the south.AwhoseBwhichCwhereDthat 答案:A 考查定语从句。句意:我们在一间窗户朝南的教室里学习。本句考查定语从句,先行词为 a classroom,关系词在从句中充当定语成分,表示 the classrooms,应用 whose。故选 A 项。6、When people talk about the
8、 cities of the U.S.,the first_comes into mind is New York.AoneBthatCwhichDof them 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:当人们谈论美国的城市时,首先想到的是纽约。A.one 一个;B.that 那个;C.which 那个;D.of them 他们的。分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是 the first 是序数词,应该用关系代词 that 引导从句,且 that 在从句中作主语。故选 B 项。7、After several _ to climb Qomolangma,he finally reached the
9、 top of it.AattemptsBattacksCchaptersDdisasters 答案:A 考查名词词义辨析。句意:经过几次攀登珠峰的尝试,他终于登上了山顶。A.attempts 尝试;B.attacks 攻击;C.chapters(书的)章,篇,回;D.disasters 灾难。根据后文“he finally reached the top of it”可知,他最终到达顶峰,所以应该是经过几次尝试了。故选 A 项。8、Andrew is a brilliant student,_ is sure to succeed in whatever career he chooses.
10、Aand whoBoneCand oneDone who 答案:D 考查同位语及定语从句。句意:Andrew 是一个聪明的学生,无论他选择什么职业,他都一定会成功。根据句子结构可知,此句是非限制性定语从句。用 one 作 Andrew 的同位语,引导词指代 one 和 Andrew,且在从句中作主语,故用 who 引导定语从句,故选 D。9、Matter is anything _.Athat take up space and have weightBwhich take up space and have weight Cthat takes up space and has weight
11、Dthose take up space and have weight 答案:C 考查定语从句。句意:物质是任何占据空间并有重量的东西。分析句子结构可知,anything 后跟定语从句,anything 是不定代词,其后的关系代词只能用 that 不能用 which,因此排除选项 B 和 D,that 指代先行词anything,是不定代词,由 is 可知,句子时态是一般现在时,因此其后谓语动词用第三人称单数,因此空格处是 that takes up space and has weight,故选 C。10、Some regional and international passenger
12、flights remain _ until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus.AcrashedBconductedCsuspendedDsustained 答案:C 考查动词词义辨析。句意:由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,直到另行通知。A.crashed 撞车;B.conducted 实施;C.suspended 暂停;D.sustained 维持。根据后文“until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus”可知
13、指由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,应用 suspend。故选 C。11、The novel published last month,_ author was a 15-year-old girl,is a best-seller.AwhichBwhoCwhenDwhose 答案:D 考查定语从句。句意:这本小说上个月出版,作者是一个 15 岁的女孩,是一本畅销书。分析句子,设空处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少定语,修饰先行词 the novel。故选 D。12、In 1963 the World Food Programme was set up,one of_pur
14、poses is to relieve worldwide starvation.AitsBwhoseCwhomDwhich 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:1963 年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。分析句子可知,此处包含一个非限定性定语从句,由句意可知,句中先行词 the World Food Programme 在非限制性定语从句中作名词 purposes 的定语,所以用关系代词 whose 引导从句。故选 B。13、Lets take steps to stop _ natural resources at such an alarming speed.A
15、depletingBenrichingCconservingDsupplying 答案:A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:让我们采取措施,停止以如此惊人的速度消耗自然资源。A.depleting 消耗;B.enriching 丰富;C.conserving 保存;D.supplying 提供。根据句意可知,应是停止“消耗”自然资源,故选 A。14、_ run fast should take part in the 400-meter race in the sports meet tomorrow.AAnyone whoBWhoever CNo matter whoDThose who 答案:D
16、考查定语从句。句意:那些跑得快的人应该参加明天运动会的 400 米赛跑。结合句意和句子结构可知,空处应处理为定语从句或者主语从句,故排除 C;anyone 作先行词时,关系代词 who 是单数概念,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除 A;whoever 引导主语从句作主语时看作第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除 B;those 作先行词时,关系代词 who 是复数概念,谓语动词用原形,故 D 项符合题意。故选D。小提示:15、We packed all the books in the boxes_they wouldnt get damaged.Aas long asBas
17、 ifCin caseDso that 答案:D 考查连词辨析。句意:我们把所有的书都打包放进箱子里,以便它们不被损坏。A.as long as 只要;B.as if 好像;C.in case 以防,万一;D.so that 以便。根据句意可知,设空处后的句意是前面句子的目的,因此“so that”符合句意。故选 D。小提示:16、Lack of mutual_not only gets in the way of your work,but it can also_your relationships and your self-esteem.Acomment differBrespect
18、damage Cbenefit destroyDexpectation decorate 答案:B 考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意:缺乏相互尊敬不仅会妨碍你的工作,还会损害你的人际关系和自尊。comment“评论”,differ“有区别,有分歧”;respect“尊敬”,damage“损害;伤害”;benefit“益处;好处”,destroy“毁坏”;expectation“期待”,decorate“装饰”。根据句意,相互不尊重会妨碍工作,也会损害人际关系和自尊。故选 B。小提示:17、The project savings from cooling is about$4,000 a year
19、on a new roof _ life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.AwhatBwhoseCwhichDsuch 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:这个项目在新屋顶冷却方面每年可节省约 4000 美元,新屋顶使用寿命比传统屋顶长50%左右。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是 a new roof,关系词和 life span 之间是所属关系,应用 whose 引导,在从句中作定语。故选 B 项。18、The close relationship among defense contracto
20、rs,the Pentagon(美国五角大楼)and politicians has become a US monster _seeks unceasing war over peaceful coexistence.AwhoBthatCfor whichDwhose 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:这些军火商与五角大楼和美国政客之间的密切关系,已经演化成了一个庞然大物,它只想要无尽的战争,而不是和平共处。句中先行词为 a US monster,指物,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词 which 或 that 引导。故选 B。19、Ill ask the teacher about the
21、subjunctive mood_Im very puzzled about;and thats also _ most of our classmates have doubt.Awhich;whatBwhy;thatCwhich;whereDthat;how 答案:C 考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:我会问老师关于虚拟语气的问题,我对此很困惑;这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方。“Im very puzzled about”是定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,先行词“the subjunctive mood”是物,因此第一空用关系代词 which/that 引导定语从句,“most of our cla
22、ssmates have doubt”是表语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,根据语境可知,句子表示“这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方”,因此空格处是“.的地方”,因此第二空用 where 引导表语从句,故选 C。20、Playing football is so fun that it _millions of people.AattractsBexploresCremindsDsurvives 答案:A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:踢足球很有趣,它吸引了数百万人。A.attracts 吸引;B.explores 探索;C.reminds提醒;D.survives 幸存。根据空前“Playing foo
23、tball is so fun”可知,因为踢足球有趣,所以吸引了数百万人。故选 A。21、The excitement of diving into the sea is hard to explain to _hasnt done it.AanyoneBthose whoCwhoever thatDsomeone who 答案:D 考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意:潜入大海的兴奋感很难向没有这样做过的人解释。根据句意及所给选项可知,anyone 可作介词 to 的宾语,关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用 who/that 引导且不能省略,故 A 项错误;those 作介词 to 的宾语,关系词在定语
24、从句中作主语,可用 who 引导,who 指代 those,是复数概念,助动词应用 have,故 B 项错误;whoever 引导句子作介词 to 的宾语,且在从句中作主语,连词 that 多余,故 C 项错误;someone 作介词 to 的宾语,关系词在从句中作主语,可用 who 引导,who 指代 someone,是单数概念,助动词用 have,故 D 项正确。故选 D。22、The boss _ company Mr.King worked heard about the accident.AwhoseBin whoseCof whoseDin which 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意
25、:金先生工作的那家公司老板听说了那次事故。短语 work in 意为“在工作”;分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是 boss,先行词 the boss 和 company 之间为修饰关系,应用关系代词whose;此处可将 in 提到关系词前面。故选 B 项。23、It seems _ nothing would ever stop her from continuing this work.Aas ifBeven ifCin caseDif 答案:A 考查连接词。句意:似乎没有什么能阻止她继续这项工作。A.as if 好像;B.even if 即使;C.in case 假使;D.if
26、如果。It seem as if.“看起来好像.,似乎.”,as if 引导表语从句。故选 A。24、Stores sell pet pants and bikinis,and doctors will perform cosmetic surgery _your pet needs a facelift.Ain caseBeven thoughCas ifDever since 答案:A 考查状语从句。句意:商店出售宠物裤和比基尼,如果你的宠物需要整容,医生会给它做整容手术。A.in case 假如,如果;B.even though 虽然,即使;C.as if 犹如,好似;D.ever si
27、nce 从那时起。根据句意,“your pet needs a facelift”是“doctors will perform cosmetic surgery”的条件,应用 in case 引导条件状语从句。故选 A 项。25、I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.AasBthatCwhichDwhat 答案:A 考查定语从句。句意:我买了一件和她穿的一样的衣服。分析可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词 dress被 the same 修饰,且在从句中作宾语,只能用关系代词 as 引导。故选 A。小提示:26、We should do a
28、ll _ is useful to people.AwhoBthatCitDwhich 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:我们应该做一切对人们有帮助的事。A.who 谁;B.that 那个,引导从句;C.it 它;D.which 哪个。根据句子结构可知,此句是定语从句,先行词是 all,排除 D。引导词用 that,在从句中作主语。故选 B。27、I will never forget the days _ we spent together.AwhenBwhichCwhereDwhy 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先
29、行词是 days,指时间,关系词在定语从句中作动词 spent 的宾语,所以空处需用关系代词 which/that引导定语从句。故选 B。28、【2018 北京】She and her family bicycle to work,_ helps them keep fit.AwhichBwho CasDthat 答案:A 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:她和家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于她们保持健康。“_ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰整个主句,引导词在从句中做主语,故该从句应用关系代词 which 引导。A选项正确。点睛:非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部
30、分,也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致,即:第一、找准先行词;第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。29、Even Amundsen was moved by Scotts death saying Captain Scott left a record,for honesty,sincerity,for bravery,for everything _makes a man.AthatBwhichCwhoD不填 答案:A 考查定语从句。句意:就连阿蒙森也被斯科特的死感动了,他说:“斯科特上尉留下了一份记录,记录了他
31、的诚实、真诚、勇敢,造就了一个人的一切。分析句子,定语从句部分缺主语,引导词用关系代词且不可省略。故可排除 D 项。再根据先行词指物可排除 C 项。本题定语从句的先行词为复合不定代词 everything 故引导词只能为 that 不用 which。综合分析,故选 A 项。30、The house,_I bought last year,needs to be repaired.AwhichBwhereCthatDwhen 答案:A 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:我去年买的房子需要修理。分析句子结构可知,非限制性定语从句当中缺少宾语,先行词是 the house,所以应用关系代词 which 来
32、引导。故选 A。完成句子 31、如果一个捕食性动物能吃几个物种,那么它就能在其中一个物种灭绝时幸存下来。If a predator can eat several species,_ the extinction of one of them.答案:it can survive 考查情态动词+动词原形。分析句子结构可知,“_ the extinction of one of them.”为主句,“它”为 it,作主句主语,“能幸存下来”应用情态动词+动词原形,即 can survive,故填 it can survive。32、She talks about Hong Kong as if s
33、he _ _ there before.她谈起香港来就好像她以前去过似的。答案:had been 考查 as if 引导的虚拟语气。be there 意为“去那里;在那里”,分析句子结构及句意及 before 可知此处 as if 引导的方式状语从句是对过去事实的虚拟,应用过去完成时。故填 had been。33、这些激素对心脏和血流也有积极的影响。These hormones also_ _ _ _ _the heart and the blood flow.答案:have a positive effect on/upon 考查固定短语和形容词。have an effect on/upon
34、.对.有影响,在句中作谓语;表示“积极的”应为形容词positive。叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语为 these hormones,结合主谓一致。故填have a positive effect on/upon。34、是约翰打破了窗户。为什么你跟我说话的感觉就好像这事是我做的呢?It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I_?答案:had done it 考查虚拟语气。分析句意再根据 as if 可知,此处为虚拟语气在 as if 从句中的应用,再根据上文的 was 可知,此处描述的是与过去事实相反的
35、虚拟,所以用过去完成时。故答案为 had done it。35、这是我曾看过的第一部美国电影。This is the first American film _ _ _ _ _.答案:that I have ever seen 考查定语从句。根据句意可知,本空格在句中作 film 在句中作定语,film 在定语从句中作 see 的宾语,因为先行词被序数词 first 修饰时,关系词只能用 that。根据语境可知,定语从句要用现在完成时,故填(1).that (2).I (3).have (4).ever (5).seen。36、_ _ are interested in art are wel
36、come to join us.欢迎那些对艺术感兴趣的人加入我们。答案:Those who 考查定语从句。观察句子可知,限制性定语从句,先行词表示“人们”,用 those,指人,在从句中作主语,用who 引导。故填:Those;who。37、谁是你家的顶梁柱?Who is the person _ _ _ _?答案:that supports your family 考查定语从句。根据句意可知,空处是定语从句,修饰先行词 the person,先行词在定语从句中做主语。因为本小题是以 who 开头的特殊疑问句,所以只用关系词 that。“顶梁柱”即为“养家糊口的人”,可以用“support o
37、nes family”。本句是叙述一个事实,要用一般现在时。故本空格可填(1).that (2).supports (3).your (4).family。38、听众被深深地打动了,掌声经久不息。(affect)(一句多译)(1)The audience _,and they warmly applauded for a long time.(2)_,the audience warmly applauded for a long time.(去分词做状语)(3)The audience,_,warmly applauded for a long time.(语从句)答案:were deepl
38、y affected Deeply affected who were deeply affected 1.考查时态和语态。根据汉语提示,“深深地”可以翻译为 deeply;“被打动”可以翻译为 be affected;根据 and后面的句子用过去时,空格处也应该用过去时。故填 were deeply affected。2.考查分词作状语。根据汉语提示,“深深地”可以翻译为 deeply;“打动”可以用动词 affect 表示;因为句子主语 the audience 和动词 affect 之间是被动关系,所以应该用 affect 的过去分词形式作状语。故填Deeply affected。3.考
39、查定语从句。根据汉语提示,“深深地”可以翻译为 deeply;“被打动”可以翻译为 be affected;分析句子可知,空格处是一个非限制性定语从句,对先行词 the audience 限定说明,所以需要用一个关系代词,代替先行词 the audience 在从句中做主语,此处应该用 who;根据主句的时态是一般过去时,定语从句的时态也应该是一般过去时。故填 who were deeply affected。39、老师从办公室回来时,他刚把教室打扫完。He _ _ _ _ the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.答案:h
40、ad just finished sweeping 考查动词时态和非谓语动词。根据句意“他刚把教室打扫完”可知,动作发生在“老师回来”所以应该用过去完成时,谓语应填 had just finished,“打扫”应用 sweep,finish doing 为固定搭配,接动名词作宾语。故填hadjustfinishedsweeping。40、这是一本如此有趣的书,每个学生都喜欢看。This is _ every student likes reading.答案:such an interesting book as 考查 as 引导的限制性定语从句。此处为关系代词 as 引导的限制性定语从句,关系
41、代词 as 引导限制性定语从句的结构有 suchas,the sameas,asas 结构中,此时 as 在从句中作主语、宾语和表语;此处 as 在句中作宾语;表示“一本有趣的本书”应用 an interesting book。故填 such an interesting book as。语法填空 41、There are many people_ only online activity is sending and receiving e-mails.(用适当的词填空)答案:whose 考查定语从句。句意:有许多人的唯一在线活动是发送和接收电子邮件。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,p
42、eople 是先行词,它和 activity 构成所属关系,因此使用 whose 引导定语从句,它在从句中作定语修饰 activity,故填 whose。42、Our life is becoming better and better while in some countries there are still some people_(suffer)from hunger.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:suffering 考查非谓语动词。句意:我们的生活变得越来越好了,然而在一些国家仍然有一些人遭受着饥饿。分析句子可知,此处应用动词非谓语形式作定语,空处与逻辑主语 people 之间是主
43、动关系,故应用现在分词作定语,故应用 suffering。故填 suffering。43、The park was full of people,_(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:enjoying 考查现在分词。句意:公园里有很多人,他们在阳光下玩得很开心。分析句子结构可知,_(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine 作 people 的定语,enjoy 与其逻辑主语 people 之间是主动关系,用现在分词,所以填 enjoying。44、Around 540 million people_(affe
44、ct)by second-hand smoke,which causes 100,000 deaths per year(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:are affected 考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意:大约 5.4 亿人受到二手烟的影响,每年造成 10 万人死亡。根据时间状语per year 和空后 by secondhand smoke 可知,空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态的被动语态:be done,主语是复数 people,所以空处 be 动词需用 are。故填 are affected。45、He helplessly watched the wave sweep his cap _.
45、(用适当的词填空)答案:away 考查固定短语。句意:他无助地看着海浪把他的帽子卷走。句中 sweep sth away 为固定短语,意为“把卷走”。故填 away。46、Shirley Fitzgerald,the citys official historian,told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s,Sydney _(sweep)aside much of its past,including many of its finest buildings.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:swept 考查时态。句意:悉尼市的官方历史学
46、家雪莉 菲茨杰拉德告诉我,在 20 世纪 70 年代奔向现代化的过程中,悉尼把过去的很多东西都抛在了一边,包括许多最漂亮的建筑。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词,根据主句谓语动词 told 的时态可知,空处也应用一般过去时。故填 swept。47、When I stopped playing and looked up,I was _(shock)to see a small crowed around us.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:shocked 考查-ed 形容词和-ing 形容词。句意:当我停止演奏并抬起头来时,我惊讶地看到一小群人围着我们。修饰形容人用-ed 形容词,修饰形容物用-ing
47、 形容词,此处用-ed 形容词 shocked 说明主语人 I 的状态,作表语。故填shocked。48、Soon after the quake,one thousand soldiers were sent out to rescue the miners _ the local coal mine.(用适当的词填空)答案:from 考查固定短语和介词。句意:地震发生后不久,一千名士兵被派出去把矿工从当地的煤矿里营救出来。根据句意可知,空格处涉及固定短语“rescuefrom”,意为“从中营救”,句中指“从煤矿里营救矿工”,from意为“从”,介词词性。故填 from。49、After h
48、e retired,the old man did all he could to protect the old temple from _(damage).(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:being damaged 考查非谓语动词。句意:在他退休之后,老人尽其所能去保护旧庙不被损坏。固定短语protect.from doing“使免受,保护”,the old temple 与 damage 是逻辑动宾关系,应用被动语态,因此使用动名词的被动式。故填 being damaged。50、She made a good suggestion _ would be of benefit to the classmates,so we adopted it.(用适当的词填空)答案:that#which 考查定语从句。句意:她提出了一个对同学有益的好建议,所以我们采纳了。句中先行词为 suggestion,指物,且定语从句中缺少主语,所以用关系代词 that 或 which 引导。根据句意,故填 that/which。
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