七年级英语语法之代、名、冠词复习及综合回顾练习(可编辑修改word版).pdf

1英语学科初二讲义学习课题 七年级语法之代、名、冠词复习及综合回顾练习 学习目标 掌握七年级基础语法框架学习重点与难点 单项选择与综合填空必考点本节知识代代 词词（一）代词分类：人称代词：（一）代词分类：人称代词：主格和宾格主格和宾格 物主代词物主代词:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词人称第一人称单 数第二人称单 数第三人称单数第一人称复 数第二人称复 数第三人称复 数主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格形容词物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词注意注意-用法：人称代词主格：作主语，常放在句首；人称代词宾格：作宾语，放在动词和介词后；形容词性物主代词：后有名词时，用形容词性；（有名则形）名词性物主代词：后无名词时，用名词性。（无名则名）练习：练习：1.That is not _ kite.That kite is very small,but _ is very big.(I)2.The dress is _.Give it to _.(she)3.Is this _ watch?(you)No,its not _.(I)4._ is my brother._ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _.(he)5._ dresses are red.(we)What color are _?(you)跟踪练习跟踪练习-用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。1.That is not _ kite.That kite is very small,but _ is very big.(I)2.The dress is _.Give it to _.(she)3.Is this _ watch?(you)No,its not _.(I)4._ is my brother._ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _.(he)25._ dresses are red.(we)What colour are _?(you)6.Here are many dolls,which one is _?(she)7.I can find my toy,but wheres _?(you)8.Show _ your kite,OK?(they)9.I have a beautiful cat._name is Mimi.These cakes are _.(it)10.Are these _ tickets?No,_ are not _._ arent here.(they)名词名词一、名词的分类一、名词的分类专有名词Mary 玛丽 Volvo 沃尔沃Chinese 汉语 July 七月 Asia 亚洲个体名词desk 课桌 house 房子 teacher 教师mother 妈妈 school 学校可数名词集体名词people 人们 class 同学们 family 家庭 police 警方物质名词water 水 coffee 咖啡 meat 肉 wool 羊毛名词普通名词不可数名词抽象名词health 健康 beauty 美丽 patience 耐心 youth 青春二、名词的数二、名词的数1、可数名词单数变复数的规则、可数名词单数变复数的规则1）规则变化）规则变化形式举例一般在名词后eggeggs kitekites dogdogs peapeas 豌豆以 s，x，sh，ch 等结尾的词后加classclasses 班级 watchwatches 手表 boxboxes 箱子【特殊】部分以 o 结尾的单词，有生命的在词尾加-其他无生命的加heroheroes 英雄tomatotomatoes 西红柿 potatopotatoes 土豆【口诀】英雄吃西红柿拌土豆有意思（es）。注：“意思”同-es 谐音！举例以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词，一般把-f，-fe 变为【口诀】妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）去砍狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己（oneself）命，半片树叶（leaf）遮目光。“辅音字母+y”结尾时，变babybabies 婴儿 citycities 城市factoryfactories 工厂“元音字母+y”结尾时，直接加-boyboys 男孩2）不规则变化）不规则变化例词把 a 变成 emanmen 男子 womanwomen 妇女 gentlemangentlemen 先生oo 变成 eefootfeet 脚 toothteeth 牙齿 goosegeese 鹅特殊变化mousemice 老鼠在词尾加-ren 或-enchildchildren 儿童 oxoxen 牛单复数形式相同sheepsheep 绵羊 deerdeer 鹿 fishfish 鱼巧记国名变化【口诀】中日不变，英法变，其余后面-s 添。ChineseChinese 中国人 JapaneseJapanese 日本人EnglishmanEnglishmen 英国人 Frenchman Frenchmen 法国人GermanGermans 德国人复合名词，一般只变后面的，但是有man/woman 的两个A flower shop-A man doctor-3都要变3）提醒有一些名词经常或只用于复数形式。如：）提醒有一些名词经常或只用于复数形式。如：trousers 裤子；pants 裤子；jeans 牛仔裤；shorts 短裤；stockings 长袜；socks 短袜；shoes 鞋子；glasses 眼镜；clothes 衣服；people 人们，police 警察们2、不可数名词、不可数名词不可数名词就是无法或不能用数目来计算的名词。不可数名词主要分物质名词和抽象名词两类。意义举例物质名词指无法分为个体的词gold 金子，wood 木头，snow 雪，rain 雨，water 水，coffee 咖啡，tea 茶，meat 肉，milk牛奶，rice 米饭，bread 面包，orange 橘汁【口诀巧记不可数名词】金、木、水、火、土，米、面、茶、肉、布。动作、状态与品质，还有情感名词不可数。抽象名词指表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的词work 工作，study 学习，love 爱，friendship 友谊不可数名词没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。其复数形式体现在量词上。例如：a bag of ricetwo bags of rice,a piece of paperthree pieces of paper3、既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同的词、既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同的词单词可数不可数glass玻璃杯玻璃paper报纸、试卷纸light电灯光chicken小鸡鸡肉fish鱼鱼肉orange橘子橘子汁work著作、作品工作interest爱好兴趣life性命人生room房间空间4、名词的修饰词、名词的修饰词只能修饰可数名词只能修饰不可数名词可数不可数都能修饰many,few,a few,a number ofmuch,a little,littlea lot of=lots of,plenty of,some,any四、名词的所有格四、名词的所有格1、-s 所有格所有格名词情况构成方法举例有生命的单数名词单数名词后加“s”Marys father 迈克的父亲有生命的复数名词以复数词缀-s 结尾的复数名词，其后只加“”the teachers office 教师办公室不以复数词缀-s 结尾的复数名词，其后要加“s”childrens books儿童读物表示几个人共同拥有只在最后一个名词后加“s”Mary and Kates room玛丽和凯特的房间（共有）表示每人各自拥有在每个名词后都加“s”Janes and Toms textbooks 简和汤姆的课本（不共有）时间和距离的所有歌用 s 或连字符号-表示3 hours walk=3-hour walk2、of 所有格所有格名词情况举例4一般说来，无生命的名词用 of 所有格。a photograph of our village 我们村庄的一张照片3、双重所有格、双重所有格所谓双重所有格就是指将s 所有格与 of 所有格结合起来一起使用。如：a friend of my fathers 我父亲的一位朋友a photo of Mr.Smiths 史密斯先生的一张照片冠词冠词（a，an,the,/）I.不定冠词不定冠词 a、an 的用法的用法1、泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类。如：An elephant is much heavier than a horse.His father is a taxi driver.2、用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。I have read the books twice,but I want to read a third time.3、a/an 的区别a 用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前，an 用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。特殊词：a usual boy;a useful book;a university;a one leg dog an honest boy;an hour;an honor，an“a,e,i,o,f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x”例如：1.Jim is _ honest boy and he is _university student.2.English is _ useful language.3.He is _ unhappy boy.4.My father will come back in _ hour.5.There is _“u”and _ “s”in the word“use”II.定冠词定冠词 the 的用法的用法1.第二次提到 This is an apple.The apple is mine.2.特指 The boy in red is my brother.3.用在独一无二的名词前 the sun 太阳/the moon 月亮/the earth 地球4.用在最高级前 the youngest /the most beautiful 5.用在序数词前 the first /the second/the third/the fourth6.用在西方乐器前 play the piano/the guitar 7.The+姓的复数 表示一家人 The Smiths /the Greens 斯密斯 一家 /格林一家8.由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall the United States III.零冠词的用法零冠词的用法零冠词（不用冠词）1、在专有名词（国名，城市名，人名,路名）前不用冠词。Beijing is a beautiful city.52、表泛指的不可数名词或名词复数前不用冠词。Snow is white and beautiful3、在球类运动，棋类和学科名词前不用冠词。Mr zhang likes playing football and chess.4、在季节，月份，星期，节日和三餐饭前不用冠词。Today is Childrens Day.All the students have lunch at school.但中国的传统节日前一般加“the”The Mid-Autumn Day 中秋节 The Spring Festival 春节5、在称呼语或表示头衔的职位名词前不用冠词。Mr Wang is from Australia 6、名词前有“this,that,those,these,my,your,some”等词修饰时不用冠词。This is my Chinese book.7、固定搭配 at first at last at noon at home首先 最后 在中午 在家on foot in bed in hospital go to school步行 躺在床上 住院 上学 课堂练习1、单选1.How was _dinner at Mike s house.It was great.Mikes mom is _ good cook.A.a;the B.the;a C.the;the D.a;an2.How many hours do you spend _ your homework at home every day?A.do B.to do C.doing D.did3.The number of candles _the persons age.A.are B.is C.has D.have4.Do you know_ boy with blonde hair?Yes.He is _ American boy.He is Benny.A.the,theB.the,an C.the,a D.a,an 5.Did you see _ sheep in the zoo?No,I didnt.But I saw _ tigers.A.some,any B.any,some C.some,some D.any,any6.Its very important for us_ English well.A.learn B.learns C.learned D.to learn7.Could you just tell him?6Sure,no problems.call back me B.to call back me C.call me backD.to call me back8.Play baseball in the garden(花园).Your grandfather wants to relax there.A.Cant B.NotC.NoD.Dont9.Turn right the second crossing and the hotel is _your left.A.on,on B.on,at C.at,on D.at,at 2、词性转换1.They think these foods can bring bad_(lucky)to people.2.We talked with some of the _(village)in the countryside.3.I bought many _(love)gifts for my friends.4.She is (interest)in writing.5.All of us got very happy when we heard the (excite)news.6.My aunt is very beautiful.She looks like an (act)in the movie.7.The mountain is so high.Do you know its _(high)?Yes.Its 8844.8 meters.8.Does your grandfather wear_(glass)?Yes,he does.9.I like to see animals living in a_(nature)park.10.New York is an _(America)city.三、选词填空根据短文内容，选出适当的单词填空，使语意通顺完整。每个选项只用一次，有两项剩余。A.about B.tired C.her D.shopping E.difficult F.swam G.an H.weekend I.So J.But K.easily L.sangLast night,I met my friends Victor and Annie.We talked about their last weekend.For victor,the(71)wasnt bad.On Saturday,he finished his homework (72).Because the homework is very easy.On Sunday,he watched(73)interesting talk show.“It was great!”he said.(74)Annies weekend wasnt very good.She was really(75)because she had a busy weekend.She went(76)on Saturday morning and read a book(77)music on Saturday afternoon.She visited(78)grandmother on Saturday evening.On 7Sunday,she(79)a new song for the school music festival.It was a little(80),so she asked her mother to help her.四阅读理解Im Tom.My best friends are John and Ann.We do many things together.John lives near my house and we are in the same class.Hes fifteen years old.Hes tall and thin with blond hair.Hes polite(有礼貌的)and very clever.Hes very good at math.He sometimes helps me with my homework.He usually wears jeans and a T-shirt.We often play basketball in a nearby(附近的)park together.Our friend Ann isnt in our school.Shes short with straight brown hair.Shes a little bit shy.We all have kung fu lesson every Tuesday afternoon.Ann is really good at kung fu.We call her the“kung fu kid”.She sometimes plays basketball with us,too.She often wears a dress or a T-shirt.The three of us have great fun together.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。36.How old is John?A.13B.14 C.15D.1637.Where do they often play basketball together?A.In their school B.In a nearby park C.At Johns home D.At Anns home38.What does Ann look like?A.Shes tall and thin with blond hair.B.Shes polite and very clever.C.She is really good at kung fu.D.Shes short with straight brown hair.39.When do the children have kung fu lesson?A.Every Tuesday afternoon.B.Every Wednesday afternoon.C.Every Thursday afternoon.D.Every Saturday afternoon.40.Who is the“kung fu kid”?A.Tom B.John C.Ann D.John and Ann课后作业课后作业1.整理本次课讲的各个语法点整理本次课讲的各个语法点2.阅读表达阅读表达HOUSE FOR SALE：Comfortable（舒适的）family home with a large garden on the north side of town.Three bedrooms,a living room,a kitchen,a bathroom.Pay￥280,000 for it.The Browns are looking for a new house.Mr Brown wants to live on the north side of the town near his work.Mrs Brown wants a house with four bedrooms.Their children dont care the house is like but the garden is big enough.DRIVER WANTED for busy restaurant.Some evening and weekend work.All meals free.Call 3320178.8Jack wants to drive.He thinks its very interesting.The work is hard but he doesnt mind.He has to work in the evenings and weekends,but he can get some weekdays off.Its not very well paid,but he never minds.JOIN OUR FOOTBALL TEAM.Boys and girls wanted to play for a local（本地的）football team.Aged 913.Meet in Green Park on Friday at 3 pm.Tom:There is a new football team starting in the village,Mum.Im old enough to play it.School is over at half past three,so Id have a lot of time.Mum:Well.Im sure you could do your homework in the evenings.But look,Tom,You dont read the paper carefully.You cant possibly play for this team.21.What do you think of the house?22.Does Mr Brown want to buy the house?Why?23.Why didnt the Browns buy the house in the ad？24.Why does Jack want to get the job in the restaurant?25.Why cant Tom play for the new football team?