外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳.doc

外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳一、时态 1.一般现在时 (1)表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用 “usually通常, often常常, every每, sometimes有时，always总是,”等词。 (2)基本结构: 主语I / You / We / They /He / She / It 肯定句：主语+ 动词原形或动词第三人称单数形式 否定句：主语+ dont + 动词原形 或者doesnt + 动原 一般疑问句(Yes/No) Do ? Yes, I do. No,I dont.Does(动词原形)? Yes,he/she does. No,he/she doesnt. 特殊疑问句 What do ? How does she(动词原形)? (3) 动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数变成复数方法相同) 1 一般情况 +s 如:walk-walks 2. 辅音字母+y结尾 去y +ies fly-flies 3. 结尾是 s, x， sh, ch +es watch-watches 4. 结尾是0 +es do-does, go-goes 5. 特殊 have-has 2现在进行时(1)表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now现在, look看，linsen听”. (2)基本形式: be + 动词-ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. What are you doing? Is he reading? (3)动词的现在分词形式(动词+ing) 一般情况 +ing walkwalking 结尾是不发音的 e -e + ing eing 重读闭音节 双写最后一个字母+ing swim-swimming run-running 3. 一般过去时 (1) 表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用 “last 上一个, just now刚才, many years ago许多年前， yesterday昨天”等词。 (2) be 动词的过去式: am/iswas arewere (3)过去式基本结构 肯定句：主语+ 动词过去式 I went shopping last night. 否定句：主语 + didnt + 动词原形 I didnt go shopping last night. 一般疑问句(Yes/No) Did + 动词原形? Did you go shopping last night? 特殊疑问句(wh-) What did+ 动词原形? What did you do last night? (4)动词过去式的变化: 规则动词的变化: (1)一般动词 +ed planted,watered,climbed(2) 以不发音的e结尾 +d liked tied(3)辅音字母加y结尾 -y+ ied studystudied, cry- cried (4)重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字双写最后一个字母+ed plan planned stop stopped 不规则动词的变化: 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 am /is was are were go went do did find found buy bought eat ate feel felt drink drank teach taught take took read read give gave have had put put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw run ran ride rode e came draw drew sit sat tell told learn learnt get gotcarry carried study studied4.一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow, next Sunday 等时间状语连用。 结构:be going to +动词原形或will +动词原形 例如:Im going to visit my grandpa next week. 二、人称代词 主格 I we you he she it they 宾格 me us you him her it them形容词性物主代词 my our your his her its their 名词性物主代词 mine ours yours his hers its theris (注:介词，动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。) 三、可数名词的复数形式 1.一般名词: + s book books 2.辅音字母加y结尾: - y+ ies storystories 3.以s, x，sh, ch ，结尾: + es glassglasses; a watch-watches 以o结尾:1)有生命的 +es potato-potatoes 2) 无生命的 +s photo-photoes 4.以f或fe结尾: - f 或fe 变为ves knife knives; shelf-shelves 5.特殊的名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese,四、不可数名词(没有复数形式) bread, rice, water, juice，milk，tea，coffee 五、缩略形式 Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he is hasnt = he has(got) its = it is whos =who is cant =can not isnt=is not didnt=did not werent=were not wasnt=was not lets=let us Ill=I will 六、a. an .the的用法 1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音:a book, a peach， a “U” 单词的第一个读音是元音读音:an egg， an hour， an “F” 2.the要注意的:球类前面不加the，play football 乐器前面要加the，play the piano 序数词前面要加the, the second 七、介词 1.表示方位:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.，under 2.表示时间: (1)at : 几点前面用at如:at six oclock, 没有day的节日前用at如 :at Christmas, 固定词组 at the weekends ，at night (2)on: 用于星期，日期，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时) on Sunday在星期天 on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on March 8 在3月8日; 带有Day的节日前用on 如: on National Day (3)in: 早晨，中午，晚上前用in:in the morning ，in the afternoon ，in the evening ， 月份前用in ，如in December ;季节前用in ，如 winter;年份前用 in，如 in 1999 八、基数词变成序数词的方法 1. 直接在基数词词尾加上th。如:seventh第七，tenth 第十，thirteenth 第十三， 2.以y结尾的基数词，变y为i，再加上eth。如:twentieth 第二十。 3.不规则的。如:first 第一, second 第二， third 第三，fifth 第五， eighth 第八，ninth 第九，twelfth 第十二。 4.有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如twenty-first 第二十一。 九、some /any的用法 1.肯定句中用some:I have some toys in my bedroom. 2.问句和否定句中用any:Do you have any brothers or sisters? He hasnt got any pencils in his pencil-case. 3.询问想要什么时用some:Would you like some juice? Can I have some stamps? 十、 there be结构 1.肯定句(有): There is +单数或不可数名词 There are +复数 注:遵循就近原则，看靠there be最近的 2.一般疑问句(有吗,):Is there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt. Are there? Yes, there are. /No, there arent. 3.否定句(没有): There isnt . There arent. 4.there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。 十一、祈使句 Sit down please. Dont open the door, please. Lets go to the park. (注:祈使句中动词用原形) 十二、(情态)动词can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用动词原形。 1. I / He / She / They can sing. May I e in? I must go now. 2. You should be quiet in the library. 3. Youll be good friends. 十四、特殊疑问句 1.What 什么(问什么事,什么物或什么工作等) What are you doing, Im reading. What did you do yesterday? I played basketball. What are you going to do? Im going to do homework. What is that? Its a book. What does he/she do? Shes a nurse.What time is it? Its seven. 2. What colour 问颜色 What colour is your coat? Its red. 3.when 什么时候When do you get up? I get up at six thirty. When is your birthday? Its on the 21st of December. 4.Which哪一个 Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one? The yellow is mine. 5.Who谁 Who is the man with a big nose? Hes my uncle.6.Whose谁的 Whose bag is it? Its his bag. 7.Where哪里Where is my pen? Its under the book. 8.Why为什么 Why do you like summer? Because 9.How many 多少 How many books are there in the school bag? There are four books in the school bag.10. How old 几岁 How old is the young man? Hes nineteen. 11.How much多少钱 How much is the toy bear? Its eleven yuan. 12.How 怎么样（How long/ big/tall？） How do you go to school everyday? I go to school by car.How long is the river? Its 10 miles long. 十五.已经学过的动词 say help know lost live read run take listen talk see draw jump sing dance want make buy help give climb visit get answer learn take fly have cook phone wash sing go eat tell travel e fall find ride carry like swim pass play skip watch fly open put meet wait send need take wear catch use feel smell shout work put take get bring speak sit down stand up find outturn right turn left go straight go to school