天津卷阅读翻译.doc

B
Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions bee more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably acplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.
每个男人都想让他的儿子多少有点方面克隆自己，不是容貌而是他的后尘足迹。当他长大的时候，你在变老，而且你的志向会越来越不可能实现。你开始意识到你的孩子踏着你的足迹可能会实现你所希望完成的事情。但是足迹可能会被搅乱并且他们可能会朝不同的足迹方向进行下去。
My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.
我的儿子乔迪自从第一天上幼儿园就开始厌学。不到最后一刻不做科技项目，不到最后的危急时刻不去写读书报告。
I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.
我成年的时候一直是一名新闻记者。我的女儿是一名在攻取英语硕士学位的大学生。但是乔迪呢？当他上到十年级的时候，他成为了一名技校学生。他们被其他群体的学生叫做“moterheads”。
When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid,” I wanted to say. “And smart, really.”
当我办公室的一个文书起初叫他“motorhead”的时候，我很震惊。我想说“嘿，他是一个好孩子，并且真的很聪明。”
I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).
后来我了解到motorheads确实与他人不同。他们通常双手很脏穿着脏兮兮的工作服。而且通常他们也不会成为学校光荣榜上的一员。
But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it , but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.
但是作为motorhead的父亲本身就是一种教育过程中的经历。我们没有motorheads的能力，但坐在办公室里穿着干净的衣服工作。我开始认识到当我的车被撞之后，修理的费用被估计要800美金。乔迪说：“嘿。我能修理它。”虽然我怀疑他的能力，但是让他去修了，因为我并没有什么损失。
My son ,with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts(零件）from a junkyard,and ability from vo-tech classes.The cost was $25 instead of $800.
我的儿子和其他的motorheads，修理那辆车。他们从废车厂找到零件，从技校课堂学得修车的技术。最终花费了25美元而不是800美元。
Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.
自从那第一份修理工作之后，他修理好了坏掉的空调，不能正常运转的洗衣机和不能烘烤的烤箱。邻居和工友们相信他能够修理他们的车。
These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.
在做修理活的时候，这些孩子是最开心的。他们开玩笑并且笑着活在自己的自在世界里。尽管双手和衣服都是脏兮兮的，但他们内心的思想是愉悦的。
I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.
我从我的motorhead也学到了很多：出版人需要印刷工；工程师需要机械师，建筑师需要建筑者。尤其重要的是，我知道了父亲不要孩子跟随自己的脚印或者任何其他的复制克隆。
My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.
我的儿子也许从来没有上过学校光荣榜。但是他成为了我心中的光荣。

C
When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.
约翰在成长过程中，其他孩子都很同情他。他的父母总是让他为花园锄草，收拾垃圾还有送报纸。但是当约翰成年的时候，他比其他童年玩伴更加过的舒服富裕。他有更加满意的工作，幸福的婚姻，身体也健康。尤为重要的是他过得开心幸福。
These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or munity gained petence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”
这些是追踪了来自波士顿456个青少年生活的40年研究的发现。研究表明那些在孩童时干活的孩子比那些没有干活的过度更加幸福。发现这一事实的心理学家，George Vaillant说：“在家里或者社区里干活的孩子获得了能力并且感受到他们作为社会的一员是有价值的。”因为他们自我感觉良好，别人对他们感觉也很好。
Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers pared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.
Vaillant的研究详细的记录了这些男性的结果。对年龄在25，31和47岁年龄的男性进行了重复的访问。在Vaillant 的带领下，研究者把男性的精神健康得分指数和他们的童年活动得分指数作以对比。根据兼职工作，家务活，学校的努力程度，和处理问题的能力最后打分。
The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Workingat any age----is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and petence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward mon goals. The most petent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”
在孩童时男人所做的事和他们成人之后最终变的怎样之间的联系是非常显然的。那些在童年时期干活多的人比起那些不干活的人来说，更有可能和人有良好的交际关系，报酬可能是那些不干活人的五倍，失业率也会低16倍。研究者也发现智商和家庭社会及经济状况在男孩最终的结果上并没有真正的影响。在任何年龄劳动是重要的。童年时期的活动有助于帮助孩子慢慢学会有责任心，学会独立，增强信心和发展能力，同时也是情绪健康的基础。他们也帮助他明白人们必须合作朝共同的目标发展。最有能力的成年人是那些知道如何做这的人。然而工作并不是一切。正如托尔斯泰曾经所说的：“一个人完全可以在这个世界上过得非常精彩，只要他懂得如何工作以及如何爱：为了所爱之人去工作的同时更要热爱自己的工作。”