250t起重船总体及变幅机构设计.doc

武汉理工大学

毕业设计（论文）

250t
起重船总体与变幅机构设计

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物流工程学院

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武汉理工大学毕业设计（论文）

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武汉理工大学毕业设计（论文）

摘
要

21 世 纪是人类认知海洋、开发海洋的世纪 ，海洋经济已越来越成为国际上关注的一
个焦点。针对海洋经济发展对起重船提出的更高的要求，本文研究了目前国内外起重船的
现 状 ， 根 据 给定 参 数 完 成 250t 起 重 船 的 总 体与 变 幅 机 构 设计 ， 运 用 三 维 CAD 软件
SolidWorks 及有限元软件 ANSYS，探讨新的设计方法。由于 250t 起重船采用全液压驱动，
因此还涉及到了液压系统的设计。
本文首先对 250t 起重船各机构及结构部分进行了选型，从总体受力对 250t 起重船进
行了总体计算，并验算了起重船的稳性。接下来具体设计计算了起重船的变幅机构。然后
论述起重船液压系统的总体设计，需要实现的功能包括主起升、副起升、回转、变幅等。
最后根据目前起重机械设计工作中存在的问题，研究了数字化设计技术在起重机械设计中
的应用。利用数字化设计技术可以更好地实现起重机械设计的科学性，提高设计效率和合
理性。

关键词：250t 起重船；变幅机构；液压系统；数字化设计；有限元法

I

武汉理工大学毕业设计（论文）

Abstract

The
21
st
century
is
a
century
for
mankind
to
study
and
exploit
ocean
further.
Ocean

economy has become an international focus. Aiming at the higher demand to floating crane set
by the rapid development of ocean economy, this article makes a study of the present foreign
and domestic floating crane’s situation, completes the overall design and the luffing
mechanism’s design of the 250t floating crane, then discusses a new method for the hoisting
machinery’s design using the 3D CAD software SolidWorks and the finite element software
ANSYS. Because all the function of this crane is drived by hydraulic system, the work contains
the design of hydraulic system.
This article fist chooses the form of each mechanism and structural part composing the
250t floating crane. It is needed to do general calculation to get the general date for design work
and check vessel stability. Next design and calculate the luffing mechanism in detail. Then do
general design of hydraulic system. It contains main hoisting system, auxiliary hoisting system,
slewing system, luffing system. At last research how to use digital design technology when
designing hoisting machinery, in order to resolve some problems existed in this area. Using
digital design technology can achieve the scientificalness of design work better, and it can also
increase efficiency and rationality.

Key Wordss: 250t floating crane；luffing mechanism；hydraulic system；digital design；finite
element method

II

武汉理工大学毕业设计（论文）

目
录

摘
要................................................................................................................................................................... I

Abstract...................................................................................................... II
1 绪论...................................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 课题研究的目的和意义.....................................................1
1.2 起重船的定义和分类............................................................................................................................1
1.3 起重船的国内外发展现状和趋势........................................................................2
1.3.1 起重船国外发展现状.................................................................................................................2
1.3.2 起重船国内发展现状.................................................................................................................3
1.33 国内外起重船的发展趋势.........................................................................................................4
1.4 本文研究内容........................................................................................................................................4
2 起重船总体方案选型..................5
2.1 设计参数................................................................................................................................................5
2.2 设计、检验标准..............6
2.3 船体结构选型........................................................................................................................................6
2.4 起重机方案选型论证.................7
2.4.1 驱动方式选择.............................................................................................................................7
2.4.2 起升机构........................................8
2.4.3 变幅机构.....................................................................................................................................9
2.4.4 回转机构................................................9
2.4.5 臂架结构选型...........................................................................................................................10
2.4.6 人字架................................................................ 11
2.4.7 回转支承................................................................................................................................... 11
2.4.8 转台及门架...................................................................12
2.4.9 司机室.......................................................................................................................................12
2.4.10 梯子、栏杆、电器设备...................................................................... 12
3 起重船总体计算.............................................................................................................................................14
3.1 起重机重量及重心位置估算表......................................................................................... 14
3.2 迎风面积及风力矩..............................................................................................................................14
3.3 载荷计算................................................................................................................................15
3.3.1 基本参数...................................................................................................................................15
3.3.2 由 SWL 引起的设计载荷........................................................................................................ 15
3.3.3 由吊臂重量引起的设计载荷................................................................................................... 17
3.3.4 倾覆力矩及基座连接装置上其他载荷的计算....................................................................... 18

武汉理工大学毕业设计（论文）

3.4
船舶稳性计算..................................................20
3.4.1 浮态...........................................................................................................................................20
3.4.2 横向初稳性计算和横倾角求取.......................................... 21
3.4.3 纵向初稳性计算和纵倾角求取............................................................................................... 23
3.4.4 船舶稳性验算...............................................................................................................24

4
5
变幅机构计算.................................................................................................................................................26
4.1 设计计算................................................................................................................26
4.1.1 设计参数...................................................................................................................................26
4.1.2 载荷计算...............................................................................................................26
4.1.3 变幅力计算...............................................................................................................................27
4.2 检验计算..............................................................................................................................28
4.2.1 检验参数...................................................................................................................................28
4.2.2 由 SWL 引起的检验载荷........................................................................................................ 28
4.2.3 由臂架自重引起的检验载荷................................................................................................... 28
4.2.4 变幅力计算...............................................................................................................................29
4.3 钢丝绳选择..................................30
4.3.1 变幅钢丝绳最大工作静拉力................................................................................................... 30
4.3.2 钢丝绳的选择..........................................................30
4.4 滑轮选择..............................................................................................................................................30
4.4.1 滑轮型式选择.................................................................30
4.4.2 滑轮尺寸计算...........................................................................................................................31
4.5 卷筒计算...........................................................................................32
4.5.1 卷筒槽底直径...........................................................................................................................32
4.5.2 卷筒长度................................................................................................32
4.5.3 卷筒壁厚...................................................................................................................................32
4.6 液压马达的选择.........................................................................................................33
4.6.1 液压马达输出功率计算...........................................................................................................33
4.6.2 减速器的选择...........................................................................................................................33
4.6.3 液压马达输出扭矩计算...........................................................................................................33
4.6.4 液压马达工作压力...................................................................................................................33
4.6.5 液压马达排量计算...............................34
4.6.6 液压马达转速和流量计算....................................................................................................... 34
液压系统设计.................................................................................35
5.1 液压系统方案的确定..........................................................................................................................35
5.1.1 回路型式选择.................................................................................35
5.1.2 调速和刹车液压回路设计....................................................................................................... 35

武汉理工大学毕业设计（论文）

5.1.3
平衡、缓冲、补油液压回路设计................................................................................... 36

5.2
5.3
5.4
液压系统流量的确定..........................................................................................................................36
5.2.1 执行机构所需的流量...............................................................................................................37
5.2.2 工况确定...................................................................................................................................37
液压泵站选型计算..............................................................................................................................37
紧急泵油装置选型.............38

6
7
5.5 油箱及辅助装置的计算与选用...........................................................................................................38
5.5.1 油箱的设计...................................38
5.5.2 过滤器的设置位置...................................................................................................................39
5.5.3 加热器..............................................................39
起重船的数字化设计与有限元分析.............................................................................................................39
6.1 数字化设计概述....................................................................................39
6.1.1 起重机械设计面临的形势....................................................................................................... 39
6.1.2 数字化设计的内容...............................................................................................................39
6.1.3 数字化设计在起重机械设计中的优势................................................................................... 39
6.2 基于 SolidWorks 的起重船虚拟设计................................................................................................. 39
6.2.1 SolidWorks 软件简介................................. 39
6.2.2 基于特征的零件三维实体建模............................................................................................... 39
6.2.3 起重船的虚拟装配...................................................................................