小升初英语语法点总结及练习.pdf

1小升初英语语法总结及练习小升初语法名词小升初语法名词1、名词复数规则名词复数规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2以 s.x.sh.ch 结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries 以“元音字母+y”结尾，直接加 s，如：boy-boys，day-days4.以“f 或 fe”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es，如：knife-knives5.以 o 结尾的单词：a,有生命的+es b,无生命+s 如：potato-potatoes；hero-heroes；mango-mangoes photo-photos;radio-radios;video-videos6.不规则名词复数：man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenmouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethfish-fish people-peopleChinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanesedeer-deersheep-sheeppolicewoman-policewomen 二、名词所有格的构成法二、名词所有格的构成法 1.主要是在词尾加 s 构成。如:This is Toms desk.这是汤姆的书桌。That is Mikes book.那是迈克的书。2.如果原名词已经有复数词尾 s,则仅加一个.如:the teachers reading room 教师阅览室the pupils pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒3.如果原词是复数形式，但不是以 s 结尾，变为所有格形式需在后面加上 s。如：the childrens palace 少年宫 mens room 男厕所*名词所有格口诀：名词所有格口诀：名词所有格，s 前面加一撇，复数 s 放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。2名词练习题名词练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式puter _ 2.apple _ 3.city _4.house _ 5.sheep _ 6.watch _7.tomato _ 8.child _ 9.tooth _10.foot _ 11.wife _ 12.potato _13.play _ 14.day _ 15.glass _16.radio _ 17.zoo _ 18.life _19.story _ 20.leaf _ 21.baby _22.dress _ 23.butterfly _ 24.deer _25.class _ 26.brush _ 27.key _28.English _29.mouse _ 30.man _二、汉译英1Tom 的足球 _ 2.老师们的自行车_3学生们的课桌 _ 4.哥哥的文具盒_5姑姑的卡片 _ 6.猴子们的香蕉_7蚂蚁们的早餐 _ 8.妈妈的包_9姐姐的连衣裙_ 10 女孩们的苹果_三、把下列句子翻译成英文1这些是 Peter 的篮球吗？_2这个是老师的钢笔吗？_3有一些书在 Sam 的课桌上。_4有一些孩子们在教室里。_四、改错（圈出错处,在横线上改正过来）1.There are some butterflys on the table._2.This is Alice dress._3.I like tomato very much._五、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This dog is brown._2.There is a book and a pen on the table._3.That woman is a teacher._3能力测试卷能力测试卷（名词）（名词）一、将下列名词变成复数形式。1.plane tree lesson month apple shirt 2.box bus brush watch class fox 3.knife life leaf Wife thief 4.day boy monkey baby country story 5.photo radio piano tomato hero 6.child tooth man Sheep English Chinese 二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“”1The house is my brother._2.He has visited many country._3.They are Englishs._4.This is Tom red bike._三、选择填空1There are two _ in the room.A.Chineses B.Englishman2.The old man will have _ out.A.two tooths B.two teeth3._ are sold in this bookstore.A.Childrens books B.Children books4.Some friends of _ will come here.A.Johns B.John 5.Can you give me _?A.some papers B.a piece of paper6.There are _ on the floor.A.some box B.some boxes四、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This sheep is white _2.There is a desk and a chair in the room._3.That man is a doctor._4小升初语法代词小升初语法代词一、人称代词一、人称代词人称代词即表示人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词，等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化它的人称、数和格的变化见下表：数人称主格宾格第一人称Ime第二人称youyou单数第三人称hesheithimherit第一人称Weus第二人称youyou复数第三人称theythem主格与宾格：人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽车上。人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。I saw her yesterday.我昨天看到她了。二、物主代词二、物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。第一人称第二人称第三人称 人称类别 单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourhis,her,itstheir名词性mineouryoursyourshis,hers,itstheirs名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 例，Whose coat is this?这是谁的上衣?Its hers.是她的。hers=her coat*关于物主代词的口诀：关于物主代词的口诀：物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有“.的”，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误，my your his her its our their 不放过。形容词性是基础，除了我的“mine”外，其他词尾“s”性形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又独往。5三、反身代词三、反身代词反身代词也叫“自身代词”，表示“*自己”。数 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesI can do it by myself.我自己能做这件事。*反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves 替-f四、指示代词四、指示代词This(这个)-these(这些)指近处的事物That(那个)-these(那些)指远处的事物例，This is a book.这是本书。These are some books.这些是书。That is a car.那是辆小汽车。Those are some cars.那些是小汽车。代词练习题代词练习题一、一、根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Mary is a friend of _.(I)2.This is _(she)ruler._(I)is in the bag.3.Her brother is too young to look after _(he)4.This is _(I)book.This book is _(I).5.These pens are _(we).二、填写下列表格。二、填写下列表格。人称代词人称代词我我我们我们你，你你，你们们他他她她它它他们他们主主 格格宾宾 格格形容词物主代词形容词物主代词名词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词反身代词三、改写下列句子三、改写下列句子6Eg,This is my book.-The book is mine.1.That is her ruler._2.These are their footballs._3.This is my backpack._4.Those are your boxes._四、把下列句子改写成复数。1.This is a butterfly._2.That is a bus._3.It is a mouse._五、改错。1.This is mine lamp._2.These are ours books._3.That are their teacher._4.The house is my brother._5.He has visited many country._6.They are Chineses._7.This is Tom red bike._能力测试卷能力测试卷（代词）（代词）一、帮下面的好朋友团圆（连线）I 她its 我们her 他（她，它）们we 我they 你的their 他（她，它）们your 她的she 它的二、填空1Shes a teacher.This is _ bag.2.Hes a driver.This is _ taxi.3.I am a boy._ name is Peter.4.-Whats _ name?-My name is Tony.75.Its my puppy._ name is Mimi.三、选择()1.Your book is not so old as _.A.him B.he Chis D.she()2._ book is it?Its _.A.Whoseher B.Whose hers C.Whohers D.Whom her()3.He is a friend of _.A.our B.us C.my D.mine四、改错1.I,you and he are all teachers._2.This is mine teddy bear._3.These are ours bags._4.These is their teachers.小升初语法数词和冠词小升初语法数词和冠词一、数词一、数词表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。1最基本的基数词如下表所示：最基本的基数词如下表所示：1101119201001 one11 eleven20 twenty2 two12 twelve30 thirty3 three13 thirteen40 forty4 four14 fourteen50 fifty5 five15 fifteen60 sixty6 six16 sixteen70 seventy7 seven17 seventeen80 eighty8 eight18 eighteen90 ninety9 nine19 nineteen100 one hundred810 ten*基数词的写法基数词的写法：2199 的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“-”。例：21 twenty-one 32 thirty-two 99 ninety nine百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and。例：101 a hundred and one.320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight2序数词的构成序数词的构成1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾 th 构成。例，four+th-fourth six+th-sixth seven+th-seventh ten+th-tenth2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例，one-first two-second three-third five-fifth eight-eighth nine-ninth twelve-twelfth3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词 y 变成 i，然后在加 eth.例，twenty-twentieth thirty-thirtieth forty-fortieth ninety-ninetieth1）两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例，twenty one-twenty-first thirty-five-thirty-fiftha hundred and fifty-three-a hundred and fifty-third*基数词变序数词的口诀：基数词变序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律；词尾加上 th（fourth,sixth）一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母 t,d,d；（first，second，third）八去 t,九去 e,（eighth，ninth）；ve 要用 f 替；（fifth，twelfth）整十基数变序数，ty 将 y 变成 i;th 前面有个 e；要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。二、冠词二、冠词 冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。a 或或 an 是不定冠词，是不定冠词，the 是定冠词。是定冠词。a 用在辅音音素之前，如 a desk,a tree;an 用在元音因素之前，如 an apple,an hour,an English book.1.不定冠词（不定冠词（a,an）指人或事物的某一种类，表示）指人或事物的某一种类，表示“一个一个”，但不强调数量。，但不强调数量。She is a teacher.Thats an orange.2.定冠词定冠词 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。This is a bus.The bus is big.3.不用冠词的情况：不用冠词的情况：1）专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如，9 Chinese,English,Jim 等。2）名词前已经有 this,that,my,your 等词时，就不再用冠词了。如，that mouse(那只老鼠)3)一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如，at home 在家 go to school 去上学*定冠词定冠词 the 的用法记忆口诀：的用法记忆口诀：特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关；船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠 the 加在前。*零冠词用法口诀：零冠词用法口诀：月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。冠词和数词专项练习冠词和数词专项练习一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/”。1)at _home 2)go to_ bed 3)go to _school 4)catch _ bad cold 5)have _ good time 6)_red apple 7)_ English book 8)_ spoon 9)_ orange 10)_melon 11)_ eraser二、选择填空1.There is _“m”in the word“primary”A.an B.a C.the D/2.This is _ orange bike.A.a B.an C.the D/3.It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper.A.a,a B,a,the C.an,a D.an,the 4.English is _ useful language in _ world.A.an,the B.a,the C.the,/D./,the 5.We are going to _ cinema this evening.A.the B./C/a D.an 6.Hes standing on _ other side of _ river.A.a,a B.the,the C.the,a D.a,the 107._ potato is a vegetable,not _ fruit.A.The,an B.The,a C.A,the D.An,/8.He was _ first to come.A.The B.a C.the D./9.Do you see _ book on _ table?A.the,a B.a,an C.an,an D.a,the 10.Wheres _ desk?Its in _ middle of the room.A./,/B./,a C.a,/D.the,the 11.He is _ friend of mine.A.an B./C.the D.a 12.There is _ university near the farm.A.a B.an C.the D./13.He died in _ autumn of 1989.A./B.the C.a D.an 14.I have _ book.I t s _ interesting one.I like reading _ books very much.A.a,an,/B.a,/,the C.an,an,the D./,an,/15.Today is _ Childrens Day.A.a B.an C.the D/四、用代词填空:1._,_ and _ are all good friends.A.We,you,they B.You,they,we C.We,they,you D.They,you,we 2._ classroom is big,but _ is much bigger than _.A.We,they,us B.Our,their,our C.Our,theirs,ours D.Our,theirs,we 3.She lost _ pen.Will you lend her _?A.her,yours B.his,your C.hers,you D.their,yourself 4.“What are you doing?”“I am looking at _ in the mirror?”A.me B.myself C.itself D.himself 能力测试卷（冠词和数词）能力测试卷（冠词和数词）一、写出相邻的数词1.twenty 2.five 3.twelve 4.fifty-eight 5.ninety 6.seventy 7.thirty-eight 8.one hundred 9.one thousand 10.one 二、选择正确答案1.There are days in a year.A.three hundreds sixty-five B.three hundreds and sixty-fiveC.three hundred and sixty-five D.three hundred and sixty five2.There are students in this school.A.eight hundreds and forty-six B.eight hundred and forty sixC.eight hundred and forty-six D.eight hundred forty-six3.My brother is in .11A.Three Class,One Grade B.Class Three,Grade OneC.Grade One,Class Three D.class three,grade one4.He was doing some washing .A.at eight yesterday morning B.yesterday morning eightC.yesterday morning at eight D.by eight yesterday morning5.There are months in a year.December is the month of the year.A.twelve;twelve B.twelve;twelfth C.twelfth;twelve D.twelve;twelveth6.Sunday is the day of the week.A.seventh B.first C.second D.third7.Autumn is season in a year.A.the fourth B.the third C.a third D.third8.Tom was to get to school and I was .A.first;ninth B.the first;the ninth C.a first;a ninth D.the second;the ninth9.Whats the date today?Its .A.Friday B.time to go C.cloudy D.June 4th10.Monday is the second day,and .A.Tuesday is the fourth B.Thursday is the fifthC.the second is Tuesday D.the second is Thursday小升初语法动词小升初语法动词定义：动词表示人或事物的动作或状态。动词可分为以下四类分类例子否定形式实义动词run,look,cook,eat.dont+动词原形doesnt+动词原形系动词be 动词（am,is,are,was,were）be+not助动词do/does/did 用于一般疑问句和否定句情态动词can，will,should,could,may.直接加 not 变否定121)动词的基本形式：绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。（小学阶段主要见四种形式）原形中文三单现在分词过去式go去，走goesgoingwenteat吃eatseatingatehave有，吃hashavinghadcook煮，做cookscookingcooked等等动词练习题动词练习题一写出下列动词的第三人称单数、现在分词和过去式。如：look-looks-looking-lookeddrink_ _ _ stay _ _ _make _ _ _teach_ _ _ride _ _ _have_ _ _pass_ _ _carry _ _ _come_ _ _watch_ _ _plant_ _ _fly_ _ _study_ _ _brush_ _ _read_ _ _run _ _ _write_ _ _swim_ _ _get_ _ _say_ _ _take _ _ _see_ _ _begin_ _ _dance_ _ _二.用所给词的正确形式填空。1.Let me _(help)you find your purse.132.Would you like_(buy)things for New Years Day?3.I like _(make)kites.4.He can_(skate)better than ME.5.You must _(listen)to your teacher in class.6.They enjoy_(play)basketball.7.She wants_(watch)cartoons.三，选择题1._Alice often play the piano.No,she _.A.Do;do B.Does;does C.Does;doesnt 2.Danny _ breakfast five times last week.A.ate B.eat C.eated 3.Im going to _ some chopsticks _ Sunday afternoon.A.bought;on B.buy;on C.buy;in 4.Is he _ TV？Yes,he is.A.watch B.watching C.not5.Sandy often _ his homework on Sundays.A.do B.does C.did 6.What do you usually do on your holiday?A.Sing and dance B.Saw elephants C.Took picture 7.Its 10 oclock.Ben _ TV in the bedroom.A.is watching B.watch C.watches 8.I cant find my pen.Let me _.A.go and ask her B.go and ask hers C.go and ask she 9.Lily is a good student.She _maths.A.does good at B.well do it C.is good at能力测试题（动词）能力测试题（动词）一.用 be 动词的适当形式填空1._ your father a worker Yes,he _.2.They _ in the classroom3.Where _ my books4.These _her pears.5.How much _the T-shirt?6.How much _ the socks?7.Someone _ in the room.8.You can _ in our school music club.9.Lets _friends.10.He and I _friends.二划出每句中正确的词1.(Is/Are)his eraser on the sofa?2.(Do/Does)Mary have a clock?3.(Are/Do)they want to see a movie?4.(Is/Can)she play the violin?5.Why does Alice(likes/like)music?6.Who(am/is)your father?147.(What/Whats)her favorite subject?8.How much(are/is)her socks?9.Tom and I(am,are,was,were)late for school yesterday.10.Rose(does not,did not,)visit her uncle last month.三，选择题。1.What did he _ yesterday?He _ his homework.A.did;did B.do;did C.do;do 2.I _ visit my friends this weekend.A.go to B.am going to C.going to 3.Last summer.I _ in the lake and played on the beach.A.swim B.swam C.will swim 4.Tom and Mike _ very excited,they will take a trip.A.is B.are C.am 5.Im going to_ homework tomorrow.A.does B.do C.did 6.Look!The kite _ in the sky.A.fly B.flies C.is flying 7.We _ a play tomorrow.Will you please join us?A.are going to see B.saw C.sees 8.Summer _ spring.A.comes after B.comes in C.comes before9.Listen!The birds _.A.is singing B.are sing C.are singing 小升初语法一般将来时小升初语法一般将来时定义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。一般将来时的基本结构：be going to+do；will+do.一般将来时常用的时间词：tomorrow,next week,the day after tomorrow 等例句：1，我将要和朋友一起去游泳。I am going to go swimming with my friends.-(否定)I am not going to go swimming with my friends.I will go swimming with my friends.-(否定)I will not go swimming with my friends.152,你将要和朋友一起去游泳吗？Are you going to go swimming with your friends?-Yes,I am;No,Im not.Will you go swimming with your friends?-Yes,I will./No,I wont注意：be going to 和 will 后面都是加动词原型。例如：I am going to swimming tomorrow.(x)I will going swimming tomorrow.(x)I am going to go swimming tomorrow.()I will go swimming tomorrow.()一般将来时练习题一般将来时练习题 一.填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我将去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday?-I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday?I _ play basketball.3.你们打算什么时候见面。What time _ you _ _ meet?二.用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Today is a sunny day.We_have)a picnic this afternoon.2.My brother _(go)to Shanghai next week.3.Tom often_(go)to school on foot.16But today is rainy.He _(go)to school by bike.4.What do you usually do on weekends?-I usually _(watch)TV and _(catch)insects?5.Its Friday today.What _she_(do)this weekend?-She _(watch)TV and _(catch)insects.6.What _ you_(do)next Sunday?I _(milk)cows.7.Mary _(visit)her grandparents tomorrow.8.David _(give)a puppet show next Monday.9.I _(plan)for my study now三按要求变化句子。1Lucy is going to collect stamps with us.(特殊疑问句)_ 2.It will be fine tomorrow.(否定句)_ 3.They will have a holiday next week.(一般疑问句)_ 4His brother is going to be a doctor in the future.(特殊疑问句)_ 能力测试题（一般将来时）能力测试题（一般将来时）一选择正确的选项。（）1.I _ the housework tomorrow.A.do B.am doing C.am going to do （）2.He often _ to school with his friend.A.go B.goes C.going （）3.Will you _ noodles for breakfast tomorrow morning?-No,I wont.A.have B.has Chaving（）4.Is she going to work?Yes,_.A.she will.B.she is.C.she does.（）5.Tomorrow is Sunday,we _ a picnic.A.have B.is having C.will have （）6.Look,the girl _.A.dance B.is dancing C.will dance （）7.My friends _ in the pool this afternoon.A.are going to swim B.will swims C.are swimming （）8.We are going to _.A.skate B.go skate C.going skating17 （）9.Tom and Jimmy _ together tonight.A.are going to play B.is going to play C.am going to play （）10.The students usually _ books in the morning.A.reading B.read C.will read二根据问句选答语。（）1.Are the children having sports now?A.Yes,I am.B.Yes,we are.C.Yes,they are2.What are you going to do in the evening?A.Im doing my homework.B.I will do my homework.C.They do housework.（）3.What would you like to have for dinner?A.Id like some bread.B.I would like to have a drink.C.I will like to have dinner.（）4.When are you going to the library?A.Tomorrow morning.B.Today