牛津深圳版初一下学期英语知识点总结.doc

Chapter One Travel 一课文重点词语与短语plan 计划 plan to do sth. 计划去做某事offer 提供 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.provide 提供 provide sth for sb = provide sb with sthshop 购物 shop for sth = buy sthWhy not do sth? =Why dont you do sth 为什么不做used to do sth 过去常常做某事be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事the same as 和一样be famous for sth = be well-know for sth 以闻名 be famous as 作为而著名help sb （to ）do sth 帮助某人做某事help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事one of + 可数名词复数 之一，其中之一二语法：冠词a,an,与the 的用法不定冠词a/an的用法主要有：1泛指 表示某一个，用于可数名词单数前。如： We need a rent to live in.2与可数名词单数连用，表示类别。如： 1) Im a student.(是学生而不是其他人。) 2) An elephant is much bigger than a tiger.3在某些词组中，代替介词per，作“每一”讲。如： twice a day, 5 dollars a kilo I play puter games once a week.注意: a /an 的区别 a 用在辅音开头的单词前：a cat, a useful book an 用在元音发音的单词前：an English book, an interesting story, an honest boy, an important party, an ugly man定冠词the的用法主要有：1. 表示特指某人或某物。如： The notebook on the desk is mine. Beijing is the capital of China.2. 表示上文提过的人或事物。如： There is a cat under the chair. The cat is black and white. 3. 表示世界上独一无二的东西。如： the earth, the sun4. 用于说话双方都知道的名词前。如： Lets go for a picnic, shall we? 5. 用在作定语的序数词前。如： She is always the first person to e and the last one to leave. 6. 用在形容词前表示一类人。如： the rich, the old, the sick, the deaf7. 用在乐器名称前。如： play the violin(guitar, piano)8. 用在表示“姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。如： The Whites are on their holiday in Canada. 9. 用在由普通名词构成表示场所的专有名词前。如： the Peoples Park, the Golden Gate Bridge10在最高级、序数词及next，last，same等词前常用定冠词。如： The last one is the most important one.不用冠词的情况(零冠词的用法)主要有：1. 在物质名词或抽象名词前。如： Water and air are important to us. Wisdom is better than strength. 2. 名词前面已有作定语用的this, that, these, those, my, your, some, any等代词的情况下。如： I want this car, not that car. There is some water in the cup. 3. 在季节、月份、日期、星期、节日前。如： There are four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. School begins on September 1. March 8th is Womens Day. 特例：1)中国的传统节日要加the。如：the Spring Festival 4. 在一日三餐、球类运动和学科名词前。如： I have breakfast at six in the morning. They play football every day. He prefers science to physics. 特例：当表示三餐的名词前有定语修饰时，要加不定冠词。如： They had a good dinner yesterday. 5. 在学科前不加冠词。如： I am good at maths and history.6.在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街道、广场、公园、桥梁等名词前；国名和地名人名前通常也不加冠词。如：Zhongshan Road, Tiananmen Square；China，Shenzhen，Tom7表示使用某种交通手段时，名词前不用 冠词。如： I usually go to my office by bus.配套练习1. There will be _ interesting TV program tomorrow evening. A. a B. an C. the D. some2. I have never seen _ UFO in _ sky. A. a , the B. an , the C. a, a D. the, a3. - Have you seen _ umbrella here? - You mean _ black one? It was here just now. A. an; the B. the; a C. an; a D. the; the4 . _ Biology is _ science of _life. A. /; the; / B. /; the; the C. The; /; / D. The; /; the5. The boy wrote _ “l” and _“u” on the blackboard. A. a; an B. an; an C. a; a D. an; a 6. Now he is _ artist . I have known him since he was _ one-year-old boy. A. a; an B. a; a C. an; an D. an; a 7._Christmas Day of the western countries falls before _Spring Festival of China. A. /; the B. the ; / C. /;/ D. The ; the8. Today is my _happiest day because I won _ first prize in the match. A. the ; the B. /; the C. the ; / D. /;/ 9. _Changjiang River is _ longest river in China. A. The ; the B. The ; / C. / ; the D. / ;/ Chapter 2 Protecting our environment一课文重点词语与短语be interested in sth 对感兴趣 of course 当然begin to do sth 开始做某事 each other 相互pass sth to sb =pass sb sth 传递某物给某人municate with sb 和某人交流taste 尝起来 后跟形容词作表语be in danger 处境危险 collect stamps 搜集邮票enjoy doing 喜欢做 enjoy oneself 玩得开心thank sb for sth /doing sth 感谢某人做某事make sb/sth + 动词原形 使做in order of 以的顺序类似inrerested 与interesting的形容词：excited/ exciting, tired/ tiring, surprised/ suprising, bored/ boring通常以-ed结尾的形容词含被动意义，表示人感到; 以-ing 结尾的形容词汗主动意义，表示使人，令人.二. 语法：现在进行时态结构be(am/is/are)+动词ing(现在分语)构成谓语be是助动词，帮助构成时态、语态及语气、否定句和疑问句 动词ing现在分词的变化规则：1）动词+ing： do-doing teach-teaching ；2）以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词，双写辅音字母再+ing：put-putting；3） 以字母e 结尾的，去掉e再+ing： make-making take-taking。4）单词以辅音字母加ie结尾，去-ie变y,再加-ing. 如die(死亡)-dying; tietying注意：表状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时，如： believe（相信），doubt（怀疑），hear，know，understand，belong（属于），think（认为），look（看起来），show，mind，have，sound（听起来），taste（尝起来），care，like，hate，love，例如：Danny: The doorbell is ringing.May: I know. I hear it. 某些趋向动词的现在进行时可表示将来：Im ing. 我这就来。Im going/leaving.我这就走。同步练习( )1. Listen! Who _ in the room? Lets go and see. A. is crying B. crying C. cry D. cries( ) 2 . we can get some useful things _ trees. A .to B .for C. with D. from( ) 3 .You must thank the girls _ their help. A. for B. to C. on D. about( ) 4. We plant _ trees in our school every year. A . a lot B. a lot of C. a lots of D much( ) 5.Jim and his teacher _ over there. A. is talk B. are talk C. is talking D. are talking( ) 6 “ Dont always make Tim _ this or that. He is a big boy now.” Mrs Bush said. A. doing B. do C. does D. to do( )7 What is the boy doing? Hes _ a book. A. seeing B. reading C. looking at D. watching( ) 8 Mr. Smith_ to visit Beijing in two days. A. e B. came C. es D. is ing( ) 9. I think English is _ than Math. A. interestinger B. more interesting C. most interesting D. more interestinger( ) 10 We _ a picnic next week. A. will have B. have C. having D. had( ) 11. There _ a football game between Italy and Germany tomorrow morning. A. has B. is going to be C. will have D has been( )12. Its a big house _ a garden in front of it. A. in B. have C. for D. with()13Will you pass that book _ me? A. to B. for C. from D. at()14Rose never municates _ others.A. toB. for C. with D. at( )15. Do you know what these books are useful _?A. toB. for C. with D. at( )16. Trees are our best fighters _ pollution.A. forB. with C. on D. againstChpater 3一课文重点词语与短语 look up 查阅 human beings 人类an amusement park 游乐园 buy sb sth = buy sth for sb 给某人买某物 all year round 全年some others 一些另一些 asas像一样 die out 灭绝 learn about sth from从了解某事 be born 出生 after leaving school 毕业后 deliver mail 送邮件 at the same time 同时be based on 以为基础 more than 数量多于二. 语法1 指示代词this，that，these，those四个词都是指示代词，分别表示“这个”，“那个”，“这些”，“那些”。从中文释义上我们也能看出，它们之间是有差别的。那么，我们就来讲一讲，指示代词this，that，these，those的具体用法。（1）this 用来指离说话者位置近的人或者物，以及时间上较近的场合。如：This is my mother. 这是我妈妈。（2）that用来指在空间或时间上离的较远的人、物和场合。如：That is his father. 那是我爸爸。（3）these是this的复数形式，those是that的复数形式。this，that和is 连用，而these，those和are 连用。this is，these are，those are不存在缩写形式，只有that is有缩写形式，即thats。如：These are my friends.Those are their aunts.Thats his father. = That is his father.指示代词的陈述句形式我们已经了解了，那么，怎样将它们改成一般疑问句呢？我们都知道，由陈述句转换为一般疑问句时，直接将be动词提前到句首，把第一人称转换为第二人称，回答用yes或no。而在回答主语为this，that，these，those的疑问句时，问句中的this，that在答语中要用it替代，these，those要用they替代。如： Is this his father? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. Are these your friends? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.注意：指示代词所指的事物第二次提到时，通常也是用it 代替this和that，用they 代替these 和those。What is this？It is a bird.（4）this,that,those和these加名词构成一些常用短语，表示时间，指现在或过去。 this morning 今天早晨 this spring 今年春天that morning 那天早晨 these days 这些天2 可数名词与不可数名词 普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。（1） 可数名词表示复数意义时，可用some/ many/lots of/ a lot of / a few/ few/ 修饰： many bananas ， a few pens （2） 不可数名词可以用some/ much/ lots of/ a lot of / a little/ little 修饰：much meat ， a little bread可数名词单数变复数规则变化：(1)一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days (2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes (3)以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives 加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs (4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities (5)以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys (6)以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 一般加-es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes 不少外来词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos (7) 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos(8) 除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例：a dollar, two dollars;不规则名词复数： 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同 sheep, deer, fish, yuan, jin, Swiss, Chinese, Japanese 3只有复数形式 trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses4一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle注意: 记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如：Chinese-Chinese Japanese-JapaneseEnglishman-Englishmen Frenchman-FrenchmenRussian-Russians American-AmericansGerman - Germanschild-children foot-feetman-men woman-womentooth-teeth goose - geesedeer-deer sheep-sheep同步练习一. 选择填空( )1.-Would you like some tea ? -Yes, just _ .A. a little B. a few C. a little of D. much( )2. - Our new Chinas full name is the Peoples Republic of China.- Yes, it was _ on October 1, 1949. A. foundB. foundedC. foundingD. finding( )3. - What is the story about? - It is a detective story and is _ a real story. A. e from B. based onC. based toD. bases on( )4. - How many _are there on the table? - There are _. A. glass of water / two B. carton of milk / ten C. baskets of oranges / twoD. bottles of oranges / ten( )5. - What do you usually do in the morning?- We often have _ seven in the morning.A. breakfast B. lunch at C. supper D. breakfast at( )6. I am thirsty. Would you bring me_, please?A. some bread B. some tea C. any water D. some eggs( )7-Whats _ in English? -_ a pair of glasses.Athis - Its B、this - That Cthis - It Dthat - Thats( )8Guo bought _ in the shop last week. A. a lot of bread and a jar of jamsB. a lot of breads and two jars of jam C. a lot of bread and a jar jamD. a lot of bread and two jars of jam( )9._ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well .A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of( )10. “Whats the _ today ? ”-“Its June 26. ”A. day B. date C. time D. hour( )11. - Hello! Who is _? - _ is Mary speaking. A. that / ThatB. that / This C. this / ThisD. these / Those( )12. They are _ from America. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctorD. women doctors( )13. Tom always stays at home for _ on Sunday. A. one and half hourB. one and a half hourC. one half an hour D. one and a half hours( )14, - Can I help you? - Yes, I want 2 kilograms of _ and some _ A. beef / eggB. egg / beefC. beef / eggsD. an egg / beef( )15. How many _ are there in these _? A. tomato / photoB. tomatoes / photoes C. tomatos / photosD. tomatoes / photos解释句子(对划线部分解释).1. Mickey Mouse es from a real mouse. Mickey Mouse _ _ _ a real mouse.2. Dinosaurs all became dead suddenly. Dinosaurs _ _ suddenly.3. I am doing my homework while my dad is watching TV.I am doing my homework._ _ _ _, my dad is watching TV.4. When did Disney start the famous Disneyland? When did Disney _the famous Disneyland?5. Dinosaurs existed on Earth more than sixty million years.Dinosaurs _on Earth more than sixty million years. 6. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.Some dinosaurs were _ _ _ chickens.完形填空 Walt Disney, the great film maker was born in Chicago 1_ 1901. Disneys wish was to be a famous 2_. He took some of his pictures in the hope of getting a job. However, he had no 3 _. They looked at his pictures and said, “Sorry, young man. We dont think there is anything of interest in your pictures.”Disneys 4_tried to encourage(鼓励) him. They said, “Dont worry, Walt. We like your 5_. We are sure you will be well-known as 6 _ before long.” His family was poor and he 7 _sit in the family garage and draw pictures there. One day a mouse came and played on the floor. Disney stopped 8 _and watched the mouse. The mouse was 9 _, so he gave the mouse a piece of bread. Then the mouse came and sat on his desk. 10 _ the mouse came back and was given more bread. In this way the artist and his mouse became good friends.( )1. A. inB. forC. onD. at( )2. A. workerB. artistC. drawerD. teacher( )3. A. hopeB. worryC. luckD. chance( )4. A. fatherB. motherC. friends D. parent( )5. A. picturesB. mouseC. cartoonsD. mails( )6. A. a makerB. a film starC. an artistD. Disneyland( )7. A. likesB. used toC. was used toD. often( )8. A. readingB. listening C. talkingD. drawing( )9. A. goodB. badC. uglyD. gentle( )10.A. Day after dayB. Long time agoC. One by oneD. Before longChapter 4一 重点词汇和短语1.sense感官2.balance平衡3.tongue舌头4.blind盲的；瞎的5.book预定 6.allow允许进入7.lead带路；带领8.exit出口 9. describe描述10.