比较级的用法(整理版).doc

比较级的用法句型：A+动词+形容词比较级+than + B.二者相比较,说明“A比B更一些”时要用一个连词than引导的从句.I am older than you.注意than后面接代词时,一般要用主格.但在口语中也可使用宾格.需注意的比较级用法1.在形容词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little,来修饰,表示“的多”,“甚至”,“更”,“一些”.Our city is much more beautiful than yours.我们的城市比你们的漂亮得多.This is even harder than steel.这个东西甚至比钢还硬.2.表示倍数：times+形容词比较级+thanOur room is twice larger than theirs.我们的房间比他们的大二倍.The Yangzi River is ten times longer than the river in your city.长江比你们城市的河长十倍.3.表示“大三岁”,“高二厘米”时要用表示数、量的词+比较级来表示.Im two years older than you.我比你大二岁.4.比较级+ than any other +单数名词表示“比其他的任何都”（这个句型是用比较级形式表达最高级的意思.）He is better than any other student in the class.他在班里,比任何一个别的学生都好.（暗指：他是最好的）5.比较级+and+比较级译为“越来越”China is more and more beautiful.中国变得越来越美丽注意多音节形容词用此句型时,要用more and more +形容词原级；而不能用more beautiful and more beautiful.6.the+比较级,the+比较级译为“越就越”The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙就越高兴.The higher the ground（is）,the thinner air bees.越高,空气就越稀薄.7.the+比较级+ of the two译为“两个中比较的”.This watch is the cheaper of the two.这支手表是两个中比较便宜的.He is the better of the two.他是这两个人中比较好的.8.Which（Who）is+比较级?比较A和B,问“哪一个较?”时用Which is+比较级,A or B?句型.如果是人与人相比时,用Who代替Which.Which one is more popular, the radio or the movie? 收音机和电影,哪一个更普及?一般来说,表示“等于”时用原级,它的结构是as+原级+as.如：Im as tall as my twin brother.我和我的双胞胎哥哥一样高.比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种.1) 规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级.构成法 原级 比较级 最高级一般单音节词 tall(高的) taller tallest未尾加-er,-est great(巨大的) greater greatest以不发音的e结尾 nice(好的) nicer nicest的单音词和少数 large(大的) larger largest以- le结尾的双 able（有能力的) abler ablest音节词只加-r,-st以一个辅音字母 big(大的) bigger biggest结尾的闭音节单 hot热的) hotter hottest音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est以辅音字母+y easy(容易的) easier easiest结尾的双音节词,busy(忙的) busier busiest改y为i,再加-er,-est少数以-er,-ow clever(聪明的) cleverer cleverest结尾的双音节词 narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest未尾加-er,-est其他双音节词和 important(重要的)多音节词,在前 more important面加more,most most important来构成比较级和 easily(容易地)最高级. more easilymost easily2) 不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级good(好的)/ better bestwell(健康的)bad (坏的)/ worse worstill(有病的)old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldestmuch/many(多的) more mostlittle(少的) less leastfar (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest注：有些形容词一般没有比较等级。如： right, wrong, woolen等。* as + 形容词或副词原级 + as1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as.He cannot run so/as fast as you.2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式.as +形容词+ a +单数名词as + many/much +名词This is as good an example as the other is.I can carry as much paper as you can.3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面.This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ then + ofThis bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine.* 可修饰比较级的词1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语.3）以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面.* the + 最高级 + 比较范围1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示非常.It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内.(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2) 下列词可修饰最高级,by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：a. very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同.This is the very best.This is much the best.b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级.Africa is the second largest continent.3) 句型转换：Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4) 否定词语+比较级,否定词语+ so as结构表示最高级含义.Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.二、 形容词各等级的用法：1、 原级(同级)比较：asas; not as(so)asWell give you as much help as we can.She isnt as(so)active in sports as before.2. 比较级：表示两者之间比 更可用状语much, a little, even等修饰： He made fewer mistakes than I did.He is even richer than I.3、 高级：形容词最高级前必须加the, 副词最高级前常省略the，后面多用of， in短语表示范围：It was the most/least interesting story I have ever listened.He is the tallest of the three.4、 如果在两者之间表示“最”时要在比较级前加the，而且还用of the two, of the pair短语：John is the clever of the two boys.Of the two boys, John is the clever.三、 重点与难点：1、 asas结构：你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。Youre a boy as good as Tom.=Youre as good a boy as Tom.2、 (1)tooto与 sothat sb.cant的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较：The man was too angry to be able to speak.The man was so angry that he wasnt able to speak.The milk was too hot to drink.The milk was so hot that we cant drink it.(2) tooto与 not enough to句型的转换：He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.The book is too difficult for me to read.=The book is not easy enough for me to read.3、 形容词原级表示比较级含义：约翰不象迈克那么苯。John is not so stupid as Mike.John is less stupid than Mike.John is cleverer than Mike.4、 用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。John is taller than any other boy in the class.John is the tallest boy in the class.John is taller than :any other boy.any of the other boy.all the other boy.any of the others.any one else.5、 the more. the more.表示“越越”:The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.The more food you eat, the fatter you are.6、 more and more.表示“越来越”:More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.Our country is getting stronger and stronger.less than与more than意思相反，主要用法有：1. 用于两者比较，意为“比少(小)”。如：I earn less than he does. 我比他钱挣得少。She eats less than a bird. 她的食量比小鸟还少。2. 指数量上“少于”“不足”。如：It costs less than5. 这值不了5英镑。Ill see you in less than three weeks. 要不了3周我就能再见到你了。3. 表示轻微的否定，意为“不很”“并不是太”（主要见于美国英语中）。如：The job was less than perfect. 这工作不十分理想。The boys were less than happy about having a party. 开晚会男孩子并不很高兴。less.than1. 表示“不像(如)”。如：He is less honest than his brother. 他不如他哥哥聪明。This film is less interesting than that one. 这部电影不如那部电影有趣。2. 表示“比少”“不如多”。如：We drink less coffee than tea. 我们喝咖啡不如喝茶多。We have less rainfall here than in Shanghai. 我们这儿的降雨量比上海少。3. 表示“与其不如”。如：I regard him less as my teacher than as my friend. 与其说我把他当作老师，不如说我是把他当作朋友。less和least可加在形容词或副词等之前表示“较不”或“最不”，一、用于形容词前1. 用于单音节形容词前。如：Summer clothes are invariably less kind to fuller figures.体形较丰满的人穿夏装总是不那么好看。I found it immensely rewarding working with the less able children.为能力差的孩子工作我觉得是非常值得的。The voice, less coarse now, stirred her as it had then.现在那声音已不那么刺耳，它又如当年一样让她怦然心动。2. 用于双（多）音节形容词前Jack was careful but Peter was less careful.杰克细心，但是彼得差一些。It may be less useful than it appears at first.它似乎不像初看上去那样有用。Any other 的英语用法（后接单复数的区别）注意any other的用法，是指在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他人或事物，any other后跟单数名词，也可以说any of the other+复数名词。如：Tom runs faster than any other student(或any of the other students)in his class.汤姆比他班上的任何人都跑得快。Shanghai is langer than other city in China.上海比中国的任何一个城市都大。【注】但比和被比的人或物不在同一范围或不属同一类别，就不用other。如：Shanghai is larger than any city in India.上海比印度的任何城市都大。Painting leaves more impression on people than any form of literature.绘画给人们的印象比任何文学形式都要深。any other后面可以接单数，也可以接复数，但是比较级中，后面只能接单数。any other接单数时指在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他人或事物，也可以说any of the other+复数名词。如： （1）Tom runs faster than any other student(或any of the other students)in his class. 汤姆比他班上的任何人都跑得快。 （2）Shanghai is langer than other city in China. 上海比中国的任何一个城市都大。 【注】但比和被比的人或物不在同一范围或不属同一类别，就不用other。如： （3）Shanghai is larger than any city in India. 上海比印度的任何城市都大。 （4）Painting leaves more impression on people than any form of literatureany other 后面可加单数，意思是任何一个其它的动物。 也可加复数，意思是若干其它的动物any other+名词单数，就译成任何一个其它动物any other +名词复数形式，就已成若干其它动动物同一个地方或者种类的事物比较，接复数不同地方或者种类的事物比较，接单数如：He is taller than any other students in his class.He is taller than any other student in my class.明显，第二句是将他与我班的同学进行比较，属于不同地方事物的比较，所以接单数