阅读理解文章结构.ppt

阅读理解专项指导（阅读理解专项指导（4）文章结构及写作手法专题文章结构及写作手法专题 1.文章结构题文章结构题 所谓文章结构题，就是指那些针对所谓文章结构题，就是指那些针对文章的整文章的整体篇章结构体篇章结构或或某一段落的发展层次某一段落的发展层次所设置的问题。所设置的问题。这类题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上对这类题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述文章所描述事件的发展顺序事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构所说明事物的结构层次层次或在论述观点过程中使用的或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法论证方法进行推进行推测、归纳和总结的能力。测、归纳和总结的能力。2.一、设题方式一、设题方式1.What is the right order of the steps in doing.?2.The second paragraph is developed by.3.How is the passage mainly developed?4.Which of the following picture shows the structure of the passage?5.In the next part,the author would most probably discuss with you/talk about.6.The following paragraph/sentence”should be put7.The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with.3.二、解题策略二、解题策略(1)(1)了解文章结构的组织形式了解文章结构的组织形式从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种总分式结构总分式结构(总总分；总分；总分分总；分总；分总总)并列式结构并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)对照式结构对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反结构形式上是一正一反)注意段落主题句和衔接词注意段落主题句和衔接词4.(2)(2)了解文章的写作手法了解文章的写作手法 高考阅读理解中主要考查以下高考阅读理解中主要考查以下写作手法写作手法下定义下定义(definition)(definition)、分类说明分类说明(classification)(classification)、列举例证列举例证(listing examples)(listing examples)、对比对比(making comparison(making comparison，contrast)contrast)、过程，程序（过程，程序（processprocess）引用（引用（quotequote，quotationquotation）其中其中“引用引用”和和“例证例证”是是议论文和说明文议论文和说明文中中最常用的写作手法之一。最常用的写作手法之一。二、解题策略二、解题策略5.二、解题策略二、解题策略（3 3）了解文章的体裁）了解文章的体裁1.1.说明性体裁说明性体裁 DescriptionDescription（描述）（描述）2.2.Explanation Explanation（解释）（解释）3.3.Discussion Discussion（讨论）（讨论）4.4.2.2.议论性体裁议论性体裁a.a.现象解释类：现象现象解释类：现象分析分析结论结论 或现象或现象结论结论分析分析b.b.观点论证类：提出观点观点论证类：提出观点分析观点分析观点重申观点重申观点c.c.匹配对比类：分别阐述两种观点匹配对比类：分别阐述两种观点得出结论得出结论 6.二、解题策略二、解题策略 这类题型的解题关键在于找出篇章或段落中这类题型的解题关键在于找出篇章或段落中表示层次发展的关键词表示层次发展的关键词，如表示时间、方，如表示时间、方位、因果关系或对比的关联词等等。位、因果关系或对比的关联词等等。7.例1：Armstrong showed a great talent for music when he was taught to play the cornet(短号)at a boys home.In his late teens,Armstrong began to live the life of a musician.He played in parades,clubs,and on the steamboats that traveled on the Mississippi River.At that time,New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians.Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal.(2007年陕西卷A篇)42.The third paragraph is developed_.A.by space B.by examples C.by time D.by comparison8.例2.Women who wait to have a baby until after they have established their career are more likely to suffer from post-natal(产后的)depression,scientists say.Older mothers are more likely to over-prepare for their first-born and struggle when things dont go as planned,a study suggests.（一轮No.41 Passage A）38.The author begins the passage by _.A.explaining a phenomenon B.B.introducing older mothersC.making a comparisonD.presenting a finding 9.To help meet these challenges and take advantage of these opportunities,the National Park Service has formed partnerships with other agencies,state and local governments,corporations,American Indian tribes and Alaska Nations,Park Friends groups,cooperating associations,private organizations,community groups and individuals who share the National Park ethic.(一轮18 passageB)41.What do you think the paragraph following the passage will be about?A.It will give some information about other national parks.B.It will describe how the partners celebrate the National Park Week.C.It will be about the work done by some National Park Service partners.D.It will say something about what to do in preserving the national resources in the future.(更多例题参考一轮10B，16A，28B)10.Practice：零距离第零距离第6课时：课时：【典题导引】【典题导引】（B，C）；）；【随堂反馈】【随堂反馈】（A，B）；）；11.Homework1.零距离第零距离第6课时：课时：【课后巩固】（【课后巩固】（P147-150）；）；12.