人教版英语--主语从句.ppt

U4 U4 主语从句主语从句 精选一、主语从句的定义一、主语从句的定义二、引导主语从句的关联词二、引导主语从句的关联词三、主语从句三要素三、主语从句三要素四、主语从句的注意问题四、主语从句的注意问题五、练习五、练习精选RelatedConception(相关概念相关概念)1.名词名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语主语、宾语、表语和同位语。TeboyisliMing.主语表语Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主语同位语宾语精选在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫这个句子就叫名词性从句。名词性从句。什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句?名名词词性性从从句句主语从句主语从句(The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 (The Object Clause)表语从句表语从句 (The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 (The Appositive Clause)精选Grammar3.Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence?What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence?2.Smokingisbadforyou.1.Youareastudent.4.“Howdoyoudo?”isagreeting.5.Whatshesaidisnotyetknown.6.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.7.Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.subjectA sentence serving as subject is called Subject Clause.主语从句主语从句精选主语从句主语从句 充当主语的句子叫充当主语的句子叫主语从句主语从句Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.Thatheisthebeststudentintheclassisobvious.精选Howyougotmeblindisstillamystery.Thatshewonthegamemadeherveryhappy.Whathesaidisnottrue.Whattheyneedisadictionary.结论结论 主语从句多位于主语从句多位于_句首主语的位置句首主语的位置Try to draw a conclusion.精选Who will go makes no difference.Which is the best is not certain.Why dinosaurs died out is still unknown.When we will get together has not been decided.How she can keep healthy is a secret.Whether he will come is not very important.Who will goWhich is the bestWhy dinosaurs died outWhen we will get togetherHow she can keep healthyWhether he will come找出主语从句找出主语从句精选引导主语从句的关联词有三类：引导主语从句的关联词有三类：1)从属连词从属连词that如如:Thattheyweretruesisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.很明显很明显,她们确是亲姐妹她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似她们的脸型很相似。NOTE:that 不可省，无意义，起连接作用；从句结构完整。不可省，无意义，起连接作用；从句结构完整。2)从属连词从属连词whetherWhetherhellcomehereisntclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。他是否会来这里还不清楚。3)连接代词连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,连接副词连接副词where,when,how,why。Whatshedidisnotyetknown.她干了什么尚不清楚。她干了什么尚不清楚。Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.这事怎样发生的这事怎样发生的,谁也不谁也不清楚。清楚。Whoevercomesiswelcome.不论谁来都欢迎。不论谁来都欢迎。精选4)4)有时用有时用itit作形式主语，将主语从作形式主语，将主语从句后置句后置,这样做是为了避免句子头这样做是为了避免句子头重脚轻。重脚轻。常用句型如下：常用句型如下：It+be+名词名词+that 从句从句It+be+形容词形容词+that从句从句It+be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词+that从句从句It+be+不及物动词不及物动词+that从句从句精选 由由that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡衡,避免避免“头重脚轻头重脚轻”,常用常用 it 作作形式主语形式主语,而而把从句放在后面。把从句放在后面。例如例如1.That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible._ _2.That they should like each other is natural._*it为形式主语为形式主语It is natural that they should like each other.It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.精选这样就构成了下面一些常用句型这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)It is+n.+从句从句 It is a pity/shame that.遗憾的是遗憾的是 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 是事实是事实 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识*_(很遗憾很遗憾)we lost the match.*_(这是事实这是事实)he cheated in the exam.It is a pity thatIt is a fact that精选2)It is+adj.+从句从句 Its certain that 肯定肯定 It is possible that.很可能很可能 It is unlikely that.不可能不可能 It is obvious that 很明显很明显 It is necessary important natural.that*_(很可能很可能)she will come back tomorrow.*_(很明显很明显)this measure is effective.+(should)+doIt is possible thatIt is obvious that精选3)It+be+过去分词过去分词+从句从句 It is said that.据说据说 It is known to all that.众所周知众所周知 It is reported that.据报道据报道 It is believed that.据信据信;人们相信人们相信 It is suggested that+(should）do.建议建议It must be admitted that必须承认必须承认 It cannot be denied that 不可否认不可否认 It must be pointed out that需指出的是需指出的是*_(据报道据报道)20 people were killed in the accident.*_(建议建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.It is reported thatIt is suggested that精选4)It+不及物动词不及物动词+从句从句 It happened that.碰巧碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 It appears that 似乎似乎*_(刚好刚好)I came into the office at that time.*_(我突然想起我突然想起)I forget to send the letter.It happened thatIt occurred to me that精选主语从句三要素主语从句三要素hebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.whatyoutoldmeistrue.How从句用从句用陈述语序陈述语序谓语动词一般用谓语动词一般用单数单数不能省略关联词不能省略关联词精选主语从句的注意问题主语从句的注意问题1.一个句子作主语时，主句的谓语动词应为一个句子作主语时，主句的谓语动词应为单数。单数。Whetherhewillcomedependsontheweather.2.what引导的句子作主语时，谓语动词的引导的句子作主语时，谓语动词的数由句子的内容决定（即由表语决定数由句子的内容决定（即由表语决定)。WhatIwantismoney.WhatweneedaregoodbooksWhathesaidisreasonable.Whatwewilldohasntbeendecided.精选3.wherehewasbornandwherehelivesnowarenotclear.eg:Whereandwhenhewasbornremainsasecret.注意：注意：两个或两个以上的主从联合两个或两个以上的主从联合做主语，主句谓做主语，主句谓语动词应为复数。语动词应为复数。两个或两个以上的连词引导一个从句两个或两个以上的连词引导一个从句，主句谓语动，主句谓语动词应为单数。词应为单数。4.whetherhewillcomeisntclear.(不能换成不能换成if)eg:Itisntclearwhether/ifhewillcome.(可以与可以与if进进行替换行替换)注意：如果主语从句放在句首，不能用注意：如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但引导，但是如果用是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用也可以用if引导引导.精选5.what与与that在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充当引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语如主语、宾语、表语,而而that则不然。则不然。1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.2)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.that虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。精选(3)Thatmoreandmorestudentsareadmittedintouniversitiesistrue.译为：译为：_(4)Whatisneededfortheprogramismorewisdom.译为：译为：_这个项目所需要的是更多的智慧。这个项目所需要的是更多的智慧。越来越多的学生将被大学录取越来越多的学生将被大学录取的消息是真实的。的消息是真实的。精选从上面例句可以看出，从上面例句可以看出，that引导主语从句时，在句中具引导主语从句时，在句中具有有“两不两不”原则：原则：一、不作句子成分；一、不作句子成分；二、没有实际意义。二、没有实际意义。当它当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略不能省略；如果如果用用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，that可以省略可以省略。而而what引导的从句则恰恰相反，引导的从句则恰恰相反，what在从句中的作用在从句中的作用为：为：一、作句子成分；一、作句子成分；二、除了起到引导从句的作用外还要承担具体的意义二、除了起到引导从句的作用外还要承担具体的意义精选1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That BWhy C.What D.How 2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 3._isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry.A.WhichB.AsC.WhatD.It精选4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.ThatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave精选 7._makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.AWhatBWhoCWhateverDWhoever精选6.Whatever and whoeverWhatever=anythingthatWhoever=anyonewho不管是谁犯了法不管是谁犯了法,他都应该受到惩罚。他都应该受到惩罚。Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.=Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.精选4.ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo_Icantosavethem.AwhateverBthatCwhichDwhichever精选7.用于用于Itisimportant/natural/necessary/impossiblethat.句型中句型中,主主语从句应使用虚拟语气语从句应使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用谓语动词用“should+动词原形动词原形”的形式的形式,should有有时有感情色彩。时有感情色彩。Itbesuggested/advised/ordered/requestedthatsb(should)dosth精选【常见错误展示常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。1.Lighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.2.Ifshescomingornotdoesntmattermuch.Thatthat虽无词义但引导主语从句位于虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。句首时不能省略。Whetherif,whether都可表示都可表示“是否是否”,但但if不能引不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。的主语从句。精选3.Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.4.Wherewillthetreesbeplantedhasnotbeendecided.Whatthat引导主语从句时无词义。引导主语从句时无词义。Whattheprofessorsaid表示表示“教授所说的教授所说的”。将将will置于置于trees之后。主语从句要之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。用陈述句语序。精选5.Nomatterwhobreakstherulewillbepunished.6.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldstillremainaquestion.引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用导名词性从句时只能用whoever。Whoever主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。单数形式。remains精选7.Whatwereyourproblemsayearagohasnowbecomemine.8.Itwasrequestedthateveryonemadeaspeechatthemeeting.has要改为要改为have。主语从句表示复。主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语要用复数形式。数概念时，谓语要用复数形式。have在在“Itisrequested/ordered/suggested+that从句从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用即谓语用“should+动词原形动词原形”，should可省略。可省略。(should)make精选1.Whereshallwespendtheholidayisntdecided.2.Yourhavemadeamistakeisafact.3.Thatiscertainthatwecanwin.4.Nomatterwholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.5.Itisimportantthatastudentlearnsaforeignlanguage.weshallThatyouhaveItisWhoevershouldlearn改错练习改错练习精选