环境专业英语-2-PART-1-1.ppt

PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING1.Environmental Science(Page 1)Whereas the disciplines of biology,chemistry,and physics(and their subdisciplines of microbiology,organic chemistry,nuclear physics,etc.)are focused on a particular aspect of natural science,environmental science in its broadest sense encompasses all the fields of natural science.Unit 1 What are Environmental Science and Engineering？dsplnn.学科n.分支学科tstr,t-adv.等等wrzconj.然而;鉴于;反之insense从意义上说 nkmpsvt.包含2.Environmental Science(Page 1)Whereas the disciplines of biology,chemistry,and physics(and their subdisciplines of microbiology,organic chemistry,nuclear physics,etc.)are focused on a particular aspect of natural science,environmental science in its broadest sense encompasses all the fields of natural science.Unit 1 What are Environmental Science and Engineering？3.Environmental Science(Page 1)The historical focus of study for environmental scientists has been,of course,the natural environment.By this,we mean the atmosphere,the land,the water and their inhabitants as differentiated from the built environment.Unit 1 What are Environmental Science and Engineering？dfrenietdadj.可区分的v.使有差别(过去分词)建筑环境插入语历史焦点nhbtntn.居住者4.Environmental Science(Page 1)The historical focus of study for environmental scientists has been,of course,the natural environment.By this,we mean the atmosphere,the land,the water and their inhabitants as differentiated from the built environment.Unit 1 What are Environmental Science and Engineering？5.Environmental Science(Page 1)Modern environmental science has also found applications to the built environment or,perhaps more correctly,to the effusions from the built environment.Unit 1 What are Environmental Science and Engineering？fjunn.渗出;泄漏物plkenn.应用;(对事物、学习等)投入6.Environmental Science(Page 1)Modern environmental science has also found applications to the built environment or,perhaps more correctly,to the effusions from the built environment.Unit 1 What are Environmental Science and Engineering？7.Environmental Engineering(Page 3)The Environmental Engineering Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers(ASCE)has published the following statement of purpose that may be used to show the relationship between environmental science and environmental engineering;Unit 1 What are Environmental Science and Engineering？美国土木工程协会有意地8.Environmental Engineering(Page 3)The Environmental Engineering Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers(ASCE)has published the following statement of purpose that may be used to show the relationship between environmental science and environmental engineering;Unit 1 What are Environmental Science and Engineering？9.Environmental engineering is manifest by sound engineer-ing thought and practice in the solution of problems of environmental sanitation,notably in the provision of safe,palatable,and ample public water supplies;the proper disposal of or recycle of wastewater and solid wastes;the adequate drainage of urban and rural areas for proper sanitation;Unit 1 What are Environmental Science and Engineering？prvnn.供应;准备工程思想mnfstvt.证明，表明；显示vi.显示，出现n.载货单，货单；旅客名单adj.显然的，明显的；明白的,sntenn.医环境卫生；卫生设备；下水道设施pltbladj.可口的mpladj.足够的;丰富的dkwtadj.充足的drendn.排水;排水系统;污水10.Environmental engineering is manifest by sound engineer-ing thought and practice in the solution of problems of environmental sanitation,notably in the provision of safe,palatable,and ample public water supplies;the proper disposal of or recycle of wastewater and solid wastes;the adequate drainage of urban and rural areas for proper sanitation;Unit 1 What are Environmental Science and Engineering？Page 4,Notes11.and the control of water,soil,and atmospheric pollution,and the social and environmental impact of these solutions.Furthermore it is concerned with engineering problems on the field of public health,such as control of arthropod-borne diseases,the elimination of industrial health hazards,and the provision of adequate sanitation in urban,rural,and recreational areas,and the effect of technological advances on the environment.Unit 1 What are Environmental Science and Engineering？rr,pdn/adj.节肢动物,rkrienladj.娱乐的;修养的关于;涉及12.and the control of water,soil,and atmospheric pollution,and the social and environmental impact of these solutions.Furthermore it is concerned with engineering problems on the field of public health,such as control of arthropod-borne diseases,the elimination of industrial health hazards,and the provision of adequate sanitation in urban,rural,and recreational areas,and the effect of technological advances on the environment.Unit 1 What are Environmental Science and Engineering？13.Neither environmental science nor environmental engineering should be confused with heating,ventilating,or air conditioning(HVAC),nor with landscape architecture.Neither should they be confused with the architectural and structural engineering functions associated with built environments,such as homes,offices,and other workplaces.Unit 1 What are Environmental Science and Engineering？与混淆ventletn.通风空调;空气调节14.What Is This Book About?(Page 7)The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environmental problems:their causes,why they are of concern,and how we can control them.Unit 2 Environmental Engineering,ntdsplnriadj.各学科间的;跨学科的15.The book includes：Description of what is meant by environment and by environmental systems Information on the basis causes of environmental disturbancesBasis scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able to quantify themUnit 2 Environmental Engineering何谓dstbnsn.干扰；骚乱16.Current state of the technology environmental control in its application to water,air and pollution problemsConsiderable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complex interactions between human activities and natureUnit 2 Environmental Engineering17.Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology,but which are not dealt with because of societys lack of will to do so,or in many instances because of a lack of resources to do so.Unit 2 Environmental Engineering处理在许多情况下18.Some Important Definitions(Page 7)Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us;that which we can see,hear,touch,smell,and taste.Unit 2 Environmental Engineeringbatkadj.生物的;有关生命的hbttn.栖息地,产地19.Some Important Definitions(Page 7)System,according to Websters dictionary,is defined as“a set or arrangement of things so related or connected as to form a unit or organic whole;as,a solar system,irrigation system,supply system,the world or universe”.Unit 2 Environmental Engineeringrenn.灌溉;冲洗法太阳系；太阳能系统20.Some Important Definitions(Page 7)Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical,chemical,or biological characteristics of the air,water,or land that can harmfully affect the health,survival,or activities of humans or other living organisms.Unit 2 Environmental Engineering,ndzarbladj.不良的;不合需要的21.Interaction of Systems(Page 8)A number of different environmental problems are associated with water,airor land systems.Many of these problems will apply only within one of these systems,justifying the breakdown into these categories.Unit 2 Environmental Engineeringv.证明有理(justify的现在分词)；为辩护；对作出解释；为辩解22.Such a classification is also useful for easier comprehen-sion of related problems within one systemMoreover,it is sensible because,for managerial and administrative reasons,such subfields as air pollution,water supply,wastewater disposal,and solid waste disposal are often dealt with separately by governmental agencies.Unit 2 Environmental Engineeringsnsbladj.明智的;通情达理的;合乎情理的;能感觉到的;,mndrladj.管理的;23.Unfortunately,many important environmental problems are not confined to an air,water,or land system,but involve interactions between systems.A current example is the acid rain problem stemming from the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide gases into the atmosphere from the stacks of generating stations,smelters,and automobile exhausts.Unit 2 Environmental Engineering起源于slfdaksad二氧化硫smltn.熔炉;冶金厂,tmbiln.汽车lotsof24.These gases are then transported by air currents over wide regions,Rainfall“washes them out”,creating acid rain which is harmful to aquatic life,forests,and agricultural crops.Two examples of interaction between systems that cause major environmental disturbances are presentedthe buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide,a global problem,and theacid rain problem,normally of regional nature.Unit 2 Environmental Engineeringn.降雨kwtkadj.水生的增强25.Environmental Disturbances(Page 8)Many major improvements to our standard of living can be attributed to the application of science and technology.A few examples are noted here.Can you think of others?The production of more and better quality food.The creation of housing as protection from extremes climates and as living space.The building of fast and reliable means of transportation.Unit 2 Environmental Engineeringn.房屋；住房供给；机外壳；26.The invention of various systems of communication.The invention of machines to replace human or animal power.The supply of safe water and the disposal of wastes.The elimination of many infectious diseases.The elimination of most water-borne diseases in the developed world through improved water technology.Unit 2 Environmental Engineeringnfksadj.传染的水传播性27.The availability of leisure time through greater productivity,providing the opportunity for cultural and recreational activities.The protection from the worst effects of natural disasters such as floods,droughts,earthquakes,and volcanic eruptions.Unit 2 Environmental Engineeringliadj.空闲的；业余的adj.文化的；教养的,rkrienladj.娱乐的；修养的28.With these improvements,however,have come disturbing side effects,such as lost arable land,disappearing forests,environmental pollution,and new organisms resistant to controls.Many effects originally considered to be just nuisances are now recognized as potential threats to nature and to humans.Unit 2 Environmental Engineeringdstbadj.令人不安的副作用rbladj.适于耕种的njus()nsn.讨厌的人；损害；麻烦事；(Page 8,the last paragraph)29.In an agrarian society,people lived essentially in harmony with nature,raising food,gathering firewood,and making clothing and tools from the land.The wastes from animals and humans were returned to the soil as fertilizer.Few,if any,problems of water,land,or air pollution occurred.Unit 2 Environmental Engineeringrrnadj.土地的；耕地的ftlazn.肥料(Page 8,the last paragraph)30.The cities of ancient times,particularly those of the Roman Empire,had systems to supply water and to dispose of wastes.The aqueducts supplying the ancient city of Rome(population about 1 million)with safe water from the Cloaca Maxima,the best known and one of the earliest sewers to be built,are examples of such systems.Unit 2 Environmental Engineeringkwdktn.导水管;沟渠sun.下水道；阴沟(Page 9,the first paragraph)31.The municipal technology of ancient cities seems to have been forgotten for many centuries by those who built cities throughout Europe.Water supply and waste disposal were neglected,resulting in many outbreaks of dysentery,cholera,typhoid,and other waterborne diseases.Unit 2 Environmental Engineeringmjunspladj.市政的dsntrin.痢疾klrn.霍乱tafdn.伤寒(Page 9,the first paragraph)32.Until the middle of the nineteenth century,it was not realized that improper wastes disposal polluted water supplies with disease-carrying organisms.The industrial revolution in nineteenth-century Britain,Europe,and North America aggravated the environmental problems since it brought increased urbanization with the industrialization.Unit 2 Environmental Engineeringadj.不正确的;不适当的,bnzenn.都市化(Page 9)33.Both phenomena,urbanization and industrialization,were and are fundamental causes of water and air pollution which the cities of that time were unable to handle.Unit 2 Environmental Engineering(Page 9,the first paragraph)34.Rapid advances in technology for the treatment of water and the partial treatment of wastewater took place in the developed countries over the next few decades.This led to a dramatic decrease in the incidence of waterborne diseases.Note that all wastes discharge into the environment,and thus pollute our water,air,and land systems.Unit 2 Environmental Engineeringdkedn.十年nsdnsn.发生率(Page 9,the second paragraph)35.Exercises1.Put the following into Chinese.life expectancypoverty-strickensmog-laden airglobal conditionshaves and have-notsUnit 2 Environmental Engineering预期寿命；平均寿命pvti,striknadj.为贫穷所困恼的，为贫穷所困扰的；非常贫穷的烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气，阴霾天气全球状况富人和穷人36.Exercises1.Put the following into Chinese.underprivilegedsavannapredatorenvironmental disruptionsUnit 2 Environmental Engineering,ndprvlddadj.贫困的；被剥夺基本权力的；社会地位低下的svnn.生态热带草原；热带的稀树大草原predtn.捕食者；食肉动物；掠夺者环境破坏，环境失调37.Exercises2.Put the following into English.农药化肥有机废物微生物衰减Unit 2 Environmental Engineeringpesticide/agriculturalchemicals(including:pesticide,germicide,herbicide)chemicalfertilizerorganicwastesmicroorganism/microb,tnjenattenuationdm,sadn.杀菌剂bsadn.除草剂38.Exercises2.Put the following into English.阻滞的稀释添加剂合成塑料再生Unit 2 Environmental Engineeringrtrdntretardant/blockingdilutionadditivesyntheticplasticregeneration39.感谢亲观看此幻灯片，此课件部分内容来源于网络，感谢亲观看此幻灯片，此课件部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请及时联系我们删除，谢谢配合！如有侵权请及时联系我们删除，谢谢配合！