牛津译林版8B-Unit2-现在完成时延续性动词.ppt

Presentperfecttensesinceandfor 8BUnit2Grammar2Ihavebeento_.Wehavebeenin_forfivedays.The Great WallWeusehave(has)beentoexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttosomeplaceandhasalreadycomeback.某人去过某地，现在已经回来了某人去过某地，现在已经回来了。EddiehasbeentoSouthHillmanytimes.Itisveryniceandhewantstogothereagain.Forexample:Weusehave(has)gonetoexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttosomeplaceandisstillthere.某人去了某人，现在仍然在那儿，某人去了某人，现在仍然在那儿，还没回来。还没回来。Forexample:MillieandAmyhavegonetothebookshoptobuysomebooksontravelling.Theywillbebackinanhour.Daniel:(1)_youever_(be)toHongkong,Millie?Millie:No,butI(2)_(be)toAustraliawithmyparents.Daniel:Oh,thatsgreat!(3)_you_(visit)thefamousOperaHouseinSydney?HavebeenhavebeenHavevisitedMillie:Yes,we(4)_(be)totheOperaHouse.Itwaswonderful!Lookatthephotos.Daniel:Wow!TheOperaHouseisreallywonderful,andyoulookgreatinthephotos.Haveyouvisitedanyotherinterestingplaces?havebeenMillie:We(5)_(be)tothebeach.Lookatthisone.Isntitbeautiful?Daniel:Yes,thebeachisverybeautiful.IsawAndythere,too.Millie:Yes.He(6)_(go)therewithhisfamily.havebeenwentDaniel:Really?I(7)_(notsee)himforsometime.He(8)_(notcome)backyet.Millie:Heandhisfamily(9)_(go)toShanghaitovisithisgrandparents.Theywillcomebacktomorrowmorning.haventseenhasntcomehavegone小试身手小试身手选用选用havebeento或或havegoneto的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。1.MyfatherBeijing.Hewillbebackintwodays.2.TheGreenstheUSAtwice.3.A:Whereisyourauntnow?Ihaventseenherforalongtime.B:SheXiamen.4._youever_HongKongDisneyland?5.A:TomNanjing?B:Yes.Hehasntcomebackyet.hasgonetohavebeentohasgonetoHavebeentoHasgonetoStep 一、一、现在完成时现在完成时复习复习用法用法1：现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。结果是现在存在的。现在完成时谓语动词的构成：现在完成时谓语动词的构成：助动词助动词have/has(not)+V-ed（过去分词）（过去分词）Look!Theblackboardissocleannow.Hehascleanedtheblackboard.(他已经擦过黑板了。他已经擦过黑板了。)这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。用法用法 2：表示动作或状态：表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来到现在甚至将来 Hehastaughtheresince 1993.Hehastaughtherefor about 20 years.Mikehasstudiedinthisschoolsince last year.Mikehaslivedinthatvillagefor nearly ten years.Mikeborrowedthebookstwodaysago.Mikehaskeptthebooksfortwodays.WehavelearntEnglish_3years._3yearsago._we_(come)hereforsincecame_HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?for+一段时间一段时间since+过去的时间点过去的时间点/句子句子就画线提问用就画线提问用howlongsinceStep二、二、for用法用法1、当我们谈论、当我们谈论一段时间一段时间时用时用for,谈论谈论过去时间点过去时间点用用since1).MrDonghaslivedhereformanyyears.2).MrDonghaslivedheresincehewasborn.2、一些动词如、一些动词如come,go,leave,但它们在肯定句中但它们在肯定句中不能与不能与for，since连用。连用。1).HehasleftBeijingforaweek.2).HehasnotleftBeijingyet.3).HehasbeenawayfromBeijingforaweek.4.Hehasboughtacarsince2007.5.Hehasnotboughtanycarsince2007.6.Hehashadacarsince2007.3、for和和since的用法及区别的用法及区别1.since的四种用法的四种用法1).since+过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、期、钟点、eg.1990,lastmonth,halfpastsixIhavebeenheresince1990.1990起，我一直在这儿。起，我一直在这儿。2).since+一段时间一段时间+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.自从五个月前，我已经在这儿了。自从五个月前，我已经在这儿了。3).since+从句从句Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.自从你走后，已经发生了很大的变化。自从你走后，已经发生了很大的变化。4).Itis+一段时间一段时间+since从句从句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameanEnglishteacher.我成为英语老师有两年了。我成为英语老师有两年了。4、for和和since区别区别1),Since+时间点，具体时间，时间点，具体时间，“自从、以来，自从、以来，从、以后从、以后”,用来说明动作用来说明动作起始时间起始时间IhavebeeninBeijingsince2010.2),For+时间段时间段，用来说明动作延续时间长度，用来说明动作延续时间长度，因此句中的谓语动词，也应该是因此句中的谓语动词，也应该是延续性动词延续性动词。IhavebeeninBeijingforoneyear。WehavelearntEnglishforaboutthreeyears.Ihavebeenherefor3days.(对对)Ihavearrivedherefor3days.（误）（误）5、延续性动词和终止性动词、延续性动词和终止性动词英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。1),延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等等2),终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束后立即结束。如。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。等。6、延续性动词的用法特征延续性动词的用法特征1).延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示可与表示“段时间段时间”的状语连用。表示的状语连用。表示“段时间段时间”的的短语有：短语有：fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlong等。等。如：如：IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehere.自从自从我来到这儿就学英语了我来到这儿就学英语了。2),延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时点时间间”状语连用。如：状语连用。如：Itraindateightyesterdaymorning.(误误)rain为延续性动词，而为延续性动词，而ateight表示表示点时点时间间，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come,begin,get等终止性动词来表示。上句可等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：改为：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.(正正)又如：又如：-WhendidyougettoknowJack?-Twoyearsago.-Thenyouveknowneachotherformorethantwoyears.-Thatsright.7.终止性动词的用法特征终止性动词的用法特征1).终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：用于现在完成时。如：Thetrainhasarrived.火车到了。火车到了。Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?你加入电脑你加入电脑小组了吗？小组了吗？2).终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只只限肯限肯定式定式)。如：。如：(1)他死了三年了。他死了三年了。误：误：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.正：正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.正：正：Hediedthreeyearsago.正：正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied.正：正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.(2)他来这儿五天了。他来这儿五天了。误：误：Hehascomehereforfivedays.正：正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.正：正：Hecameherefivedaysago.正：正：Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.正：正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere.Step三三常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换。常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换。buyhavegooutbeoutleavebeawaybegin/startbeoncome/gobein/atborrowkeepjoinbeamemberof/beindiebedeadcatchacoldhaveacoldbecomebefallasleepbeasleepopenbeopengettoknowknowclose-beclosedarrive-bein/atgetmarried-bemarriedfallillbeillgetupbeupcatchacoldhaveacold例子：例子：1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor2weeks.()2.Thefilmhasbegunfor5minutes.()句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词。句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词。keptbeen onI have bought a new dictionary for a week.我买一本新词典已有一星期了。我买一本新词典已有一星期了。They have come here for two days.他们来这儿已经两天了他们来这儿已经两天了。He has joined the League for two years.他已入团两年了。他已入团两年了。The man has died for several years.这个人已经死了几年了。这个人已经死了几年了。had been been in been deadStep四、四、同义句转换同义句转换1.Theygotmarriedthreeyearsago.They_marriedforthreeyears.2.WebegantolearnEnglishin2008.We_Englishsince2008.3.Iborrowedthatbooklastweek.I_thatbooksincelastweek.4.Simonfellilllastmonth.Simon_illsincelastmonth.5.ShejoinedtheReadingClublastterm.She_theReadingClubsincelastterm.have been have learned have kept has been has been in6.He came to our village two years ago.He our village since two years ago.7.He left home three days ago.He home for 3 days.8.I bought the watch 2 weeks ago.I the watch since 2 weeks ago.9.It is 5 days since I borrowed the book.I the book for 5 days.10.The meeting began 10 minutes ago.The meeting _ _ _ for 10 minutes.has been in has been away from have had have kept has been on11.Igottoknowhim10yearsagoIhimfor10years.12.Thereisafactory.Thereafactoryfor20years.13.Ourschoolopenedin1960.Ourschoolsince1960.14.Thatoldmandied3yearsago.Thatoldman_for3years.15.KittyarrivedinHongkongtwodaysago.kitty_Hongkongfortwodays.16.TheconferencestoppedlastSaturday.Theconference_sincelastSaturday.have known has been has been open has been deadhas been in has been over1.这辆自行车我买了两年了。这辆自行车我买了两年了。Ive_thebike_twoyears.2.HeleftNanjingtwoyearsago.He_Nanjingfortwoyears.3.Themonkeydiedlastmonth.Themonkey_foramonth.4.A:Honglong_you_()B:Fortwoweeks.A.did,getillB.have,fallenillC.were,illD.have,beenillhadforhasbeenawayfromhasbeendeadDStep五、五、一般过去时与现在完成时区别一般过去时与现在完成时区别一般一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。的时间状语。遇到遇到yesterday,lastyear,in+过去某一年，过去某一年，twodaysago,theotherday,justnow等就用一般等就用一般过去时过去时当有当有alreadyeverforjustyetneversincerecentlysofarbefore(in/during/overthepasttenyears等常用现在完成时等常用现在完成时1.-Have you _ the bike?-Yes,I _ it 10 minutes ago.(mend)2.-I have _ the film“Titanic”.-When _ you _ it?(see)3.Im sorry,I havent got any money.Ive_ (leave)my handbag at home.4.I _ _(read)the book before.5.Its a long time since we _(meet)last year.6.Look!The train _ just _.(come)mendedmendedseendidseelefthavereadmethascomeExercise现在完成时和一般过去时现在完成时和一般过去时7.He_(work)inourschoolforoneyear.8.He_(come)toourschoollastyear/in2013.9.They_(cook)thesupperalready.10.They_(cook)thesupperhalfanhourago.hasworkedcamehavecookedcooked1.这本书我已经借了两星期了这本书我已经借了两星期了,明天我会还给明天我会还给Amy.I_thebook_twoweeks.IwillreturnittoAmytomorrow.2.会议已经开始一个小时了会议已经开始一个小时了.Themeeting_foronehour.3.我加入英语俱乐部半年了我加入英语俱乐部半年了.I_theEnglishClubforhalfayear.havekeptforhasbeenonhavebeenin4.他们结婚十年了他们结婚十年了.They_tenyearsago.5.我的表弟离开北京两周了我的表弟离开北京两周了.Mycousin_Beijing_twoweeks.havebeenmarriedsincehasbeenawayfromfor此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！