积极心理学.ppt

关于幸福心理的问题人生的最终目的是什么？人生的最终目的是什么？什么是幸福？什么是幸福？你幸福吗？幸福水平可以测量吗？你幸福吗？幸福水平可以测量吗？为什么有的人幸福，有的人不幸福？为什么有的人幸福，有的人不幸福？如何才能获得幸福？如何才能获得幸福？2002年若贝尔经济学奖获得者关于年若贝尔经济学奖获得者关于“财富的极财富的极大化与幸福的极大化大化与幸福的极大化”的看法的看法1幸福的含义幸福的含义哈佛大学现在最热的课程哈佛大学现在最热的课程-积极心理学积极心理学哈佛大学最受欢迎的人生导师哈佛大学最受欢迎的人生导师塔勒塔勒本本-沙哈尔沙哈尔幸福幸福=意义意义+快乐快乐 2Thinking about happinessRemember,these studies are based on large numbers of people.The findings talk about general patterns.3In general,are people happy?Yes.75%-80%of people worldwide say theyre happy.Excited,proud,pleased within the past week.4Set point for happiness幸福的调整点幸福的调整点May be genetic可能是遗传的可能是遗传的Within 1 year of a very positive or very negative event,happiness returns to previous levels.在一个非常积极或非常消极的事件之后，在一个非常积极或非常消极的事件之后，1年之内，年之内，幸福回到从前的状态幸福回到从前的状态残奥会的启示残奥会的启示5What is not associated with happiness?AgeGenderRaceWhy?6Age&SWB in 16 Nations0102030405060708090100Percent satisfied with life15-2425-3435-4445-5455-6465+Age Group7Report of Satisfaction by Gender0102030405060708090100Mean%Reporting%Satisfied%Very HappyMenWomen8What is not associated with happiness?Education（教育程度）（教育程度）Living in a big city or small town 生活在大城市，还是在小镇上生活在大城市，还是在小镇上Part of the country where you liveWhy?9What is not associated with happiness?Wealth（财富）（财富）Wealthy countries are no happier than poor countries.富国并不比穷国更幸福富国并不比穷国更幸福Within any country,people who are most wealthy are not any happier than everyone else.在任何国家，最富裕的人，不比任何其他人更幸福在任何国家，最富裕的人，不比任何其他人更幸福Why?10Money does not buy happiness 11What is associated with happiness?High self-esteem高自尊高自尊 Why?How?自尊是人格的基石自尊是人格的基石Sense of control over life 对生活有控制感对生活有控制感 Why?How?Optimism乐观主义乐观主义 Why?How?12What is associated with happiness?Extraversion外向性外向性 Why?How?Health and Fitness健康与适应健康与适应 Why?How?Marital Status婚姻状态婚姻状态 Why?How?13IS MARRIAGE BLISS14Importance of familyRare person who,as his life draws to a close,wishes he had spent more time with at work.15Question 1How do happy people behave?幸福的人的行为举止是怎样的呢幸福的人的行为举止是怎样的呢?What do they do that makes them happy?他们做了什么事，使得他们幸福呢？他们做了什么事，使得他们幸福呢？To answer that question,we can look at some recent research studies on happiness.16Diener and Seligman,2002A comparison of happy people and unhappy people.比较幸福的人与不幸福的人比较幸福的人与不幸福的人17Diener and Seligman,2002Participants reportedsatisfaction with life生活满意度生活满意度Mood心境心境information about friendships有关友谊的资料有关友谊的资料personality traits人格特质人格特质18Then the authors compared People with the highest happiness scores“very happy”andPeople with the lowest happiness scores“unhappy”19Results（结果）（结果）Very happy people differed from unhappy people in a number of ways.在许多方面，非常幸福的人不同于不幸福的在许多方面，非常幸福的人不同于不幸福的人。人。20Very happy peopleHad strong and satisfying interpersonal relationships 拥有牢固和满意的人际关系拥有牢固和满意的人际关系Were more extraverted and more agreeable更外向，更爽快更外向，更爽快Never reported feeling ecstatic or exuberantly happy从未报告说感觉到狂喜或者幸福非凡从未报告说感觉到狂喜或者幸福非凡21Unhappy peopleReported fewer close friends,fewer romantic relationships,and weaker family relationships.报告较少的亲密朋友，较少的浪漫关系，以报告较少的亲密朋友，较少的浪漫关系，以及较弱的家庭关系及较弱的家庭关系Reported more negative emotions than very happy people.与非常幸福的人相比，报告更多的负面情绪与非常幸福的人相比，报告更多的负面情绪 22Question 2How do happy people deal with rejection,or not getting what they want?幸福的人如何处理拒绝呢？或者说，没有得幸福的人如何处理拒绝呢？或者说，没有得到他们想要的东西时，他们怎样做的呢？到他们想要的东西时，他们怎样做的呢？23Lyubomirsky and Ross,1999The Dessert Study“甜点研究甜点研究”Participants（被试）（被试）:Rated 10 desserts（评估（评估10种种甜点）甜点）Learned they would receive a dessert 得知他们会收到一种得知他们会收到一种甜点甜点Rated the desserts again再次评估这些再次评估这些甜点甜点24ResultsHappy peoplerated the dessert they received highly对他们收到的对他们收到的甜点的评估非常高甜点的评估非常高also agreed the desserts they had rated highly but had not received still sounded good也同意原来评估很高但没有收到的也同意原来评估很高但没有收到的甜点还是非常甜点还是非常不错不错25ResultsUnhappy people also rated the dessert they received highly对他们收到的对他们收到的甜点的评估也非常高甜点的评估也非常高But they insulted the desserts they were denied但是，他们但是，他们蔑视他们得不到的甜点蔑视他们得不到的甜点26The College Study“大学研究大学研究”High school seniors（高中毕业生）（高中毕业生）evaluated colleges（评价大学）（评价大学）after applying（在申请之后）（在申请之后）again after learning which colleges accepted them and selecting which college they would ultimately attend.在得知哪些大学已经接受他们，以及选好他们最在得知哪些大学已经接受他们，以及选好他们最后就读哪所大学之后，再次评价后就读哪所大学之后，再次评价27Results-Happy studentsWere more satisfied than unhappy ones with the colleges they ultimately chose.与不幸福的学生相比，幸福的学生对他们最与不幸福的学生相比，幸福的学生对他们最终选择的学校更满意终选择的学校更满意28Results-Happy studentsWere more satisfied than unhappy students with colleges that accepted them but that they ultimately chose not to attend.与不幸福的学生相比，幸福的学生对选择他与不幸福的学生相比，幸福的学生对选择他们但他们最终没有就读的学校更满意们但他们最终没有就读的学校更满意29Results-Happy studentsHappy students sharply devalued the colleges that rejected them!幸福的学生急剧幸福的学生急剧贬贬低拒绝他们的大学低拒绝他们的大学30ResultsUnhappy studentsWere less satisfied than happy students with the colleges they ultimately chose.与幸福的学生相比，不幸福的学生对最终选择的与幸福的学生相比，不幸福的学生对最终选择的学校满意较少学校满意较少Were not as likely to devalue colleges that rejected them.不太贬低拒绝他们的大学不太贬低拒绝他们的大学31Desserts vs.collegeNot getting a dessert is a small instance of rejection.没有得到一种甜点，是细小拒绝的场合没有得到一种甜点，是细小拒绝的场合Not getting into college is a larger and more threatening instance of rejection.没有进入大学，是较大拒绝和没有进入大学，是较大拒绝和威胁性比较高威胁性比较高的拒绝的场合的拒绝的场合32Desserts vs.collegeSo it makes sense that people would behave differently in these two situations.因此，有意义的是，人在这两种场合下的行因此，有意义的是，人在这两种场合下的行为方式有所不同为方式有所不同Beyond that,happy people and unhappy people behaved quite differently.除此以外，幸福的人与不幸福除此以外，幸福的人与不幸福 的人在行为举的人在行为举止上非常不同止上非常不同33SummaryPurpose of positive psychology:to study happiness,strength and virtue积极心理学的目的：研究幸福、力量和美德积极心理学的目的：研究幸福、力量和美德What is not associated with happiness:demographic variables like gender,age,wealth and education与幸福不相关的东西：人口统计学变量，如性别、与幸福不相关的东西：人口统计学变量，如性别、年龄、财富和教育程度年龄、财富和教育程度34SummaryWhat is associated with happiness:more internal variables such as self-esteem,sense of control,optimism,healthy relationships与幸福相关的东西：更内在的变量，如自尊，与幸福相关的东西：更内在的变量，如自尊，控制感，乐观主义，健康的关系控制感，乐观主义，健康的关系35SummaryVarious research studies showHow very happy people differ from unhappy people in a variety of ways.在种种方面，幸福的人不同于不幸福在种种方面，幸福的人不同于不幸福 的人的人Happy and unhappy people deal with making choices and rejection differently幸福的人与不幸福的人，在处理决策和拒绝上，幸福的人与不幸福的人，在处理决策和拒绝上，非常不同非常不同36此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！37