初中英语-数词详解及专项练习.doc

Lesson 3基数词&序数词
一、基数词
1. 1-10 （ one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten）
2. 11-19 (eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen)
3. 两位数（非整数），十位数和个位数之间用连字符“-”。 （ 21 twenty-one； 76 seventy-six）
4. 两位数（整数），以ty结尾； （40 forty； 90 ninety）
4 三位数，在百位数和十位数之间用and连接。
101 a hundred and one； 320 three hundred and twenty； 648 six hundred and forty-eight
5. 百（hundred），千（thousand），百万（million），千万（billion）
6. 表示确切的百、千、百万时，不能用其复数形式； ( 400 four hundred，hundred不加s)
表示成百、成千时，用其复数形式；( 成百 hundreds of; 成千 thousands of )
7. 表示“人的不确切岁数”，用几十的复数形式；
He became a professor in his thirties. （他在三十多岁成为教授。）
8. 表示年代时，用几十的复数形式；
It was in 1960s. （那是在20世纪60年代。）

二、序数词
1、英语的序数词基本变法：
(1) 1-19：一般在基数词后加th
特殊情况：one---first ; two---second; three---third; eight---eighth; nine---ninth;
-ve结尾的改ve为f加th；（如five---fifth； twelve---twelfth）
(2)两位数（整数），改y为-ie，加th； (如twenty---twentieth； thirty---thirtieth)
（3）两位数/多位数（非整数），仅个位数部分用序数词。
（如：thirty-sixth, fifty---third, one hundred and twenty-first）
2.缩写形式：阿拉伯数字 + 序数词末尾两个字母 （只有1st, 2nd, 3rd为特殊形式，其他都是阿拉伯数字+ th）
first ---1st； second---2nd; twentieth ---20th; twenty-third ---23rd

三、基数词/序数词用法辨别
1. 基数词也可以表示顺序，要将基数词放在名词之后。
the first Lesson --- Lesson One / the fifth page --- Page 5
2. (1)序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,
This is the fourth time I come here. 这是我第四次来这儿。
(2) 加a/an时表示“再一、又一”
We’ve tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth time? 我们已经试过三遍了，还必须再试一次（第四次）吗？
四、时间的数词表示法
1. 表示时刻
（1）整点用“ o’clock ”； （5: 00读作five o’clock或five）
（2）几点过几分，分钟 + past + 小时；
（five past seven 七点过五分； a quarter past eight八点过一刻； half past eight八点半）
（3） 几点差几分，分钟 + to + 小时；
（ten to eight八点差十分； a quarter to twelve 十二点差一刻）
（4） 直接法：小时 + 分钟；
（6: 31读作six thirty-one； 10:26 ten twenty-six）
2. 表示日期，用the 加序数词表示，或用缩写形式
12月1日: Dec.1st或the first of December；2002年11月8日: Nov. 8th, 2002.
3. 表示年份，用基数词表示
2002读作twenty thousand and two； 1976读作 nineteen seventy-six
4. 表示年代，用the + 年代 + ‘s/ s
在20世纪30年代： in the 1930’s 或 in the 1930s
5. 表示世纪，用the + 序数词 + century，或者 the + 整百 + ‘s/s
20世纪： the 20th century 或 the 1900’s/ the 1900s

五、分数/小数/百分数表示法
1、分数表示法：基数词作分子，序数词作分母；
分子是“1”时，序数词用单数；除此之外，序数词用复数
1/3：one third / a third； 1/2：a half； 1/4：one quarter ；
3/4：three fourths/ three quarters ； 1：one and a half
2. “半”的表达：
一半---a half； 半小时→half an hour； 1.5小时→one and a half hours或one hour and a half.
3. 当分数后接名词时，如果分数值大于1，名词用复数；小于1，名词用单数。
one and a half hours一个半小时； two and three fourths meters 2.75米
3） 小数：小数点左边合起来读，小数点右边的数字分开读，小数点读作point
10.25 -----ten point two five / 1.03----one point o three
4） 10.25 -----ten point two five / 1.03----one point o three
4） 百分数：用基数词+ percent表示
50%---fifty percent； 3% ----- three percent

专项练习题
1. Excuse me, how does this number 20,135 read? It reads__________.
A. twenty thousands one hundred and thirty-five. C. twenty thousand one hundred and thirty five.
B. twenty thousand one hundred and thirty-five. D. twenty thousands, one hundred and thirty-five.
2. Each year, _________ fished are killed by the polluted water and many people are made sick by the polluted air.
A. millions of B. million of C. two millions of D. two millions
3. During the seven-day May Day holiday __________ families went sightseeing.
A. thousand B. thousands C. thousands and thousands D. thousands of
4. The building has ____ floors. They live on the __________ floor.
A. ninth, last B. nine, nine C. nine, ninth D. nine , tenth
5. The beautiful skirts are on show in the shop. Jane likes _________.
A. the ninth B. the nineth C. nine D. ninth
6. December is the ________ month of the year.
A. twelve B. twelveth C. twelvitth D. twelfth
7. I think that the _________ century(世纪) will bring us more hopes.
A. twenty-one B. twentiety-first C. twenty-first D. twentieth-one
8 Now let me have ___________.
A. the third try B. a third try C. third try D. this third try
9. My sister is a student of ________.
A. the First Class B. Class One C. One Class D. Class First
10. Shakespeare was born in __________.
A. 1660s B. 1660’s C. The 1660 D. The 1660’s
11. He became a super star __________.
A. In his thirty B. In his thirties C. At his thirty D. At his thirties
12. ________ of the students play QQ farm games on the Internet.
A. 70 percent of B. 70 percent C. 70 percent of D. 70 percents
13. The Olympic Games are held __________.
A. Every four years B. Every four year C. Every fourth years D.Every four-years
14. Nowadays ________ of business letters are written in English.
A. Two third B. Two thirds C. Two three D. Second three
综合练习
一、单项选择题
1. The government of Chongqing is building ________ cheap and good houses for the people.
A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of
2. The teacher said that _________ of the boys would take part in the talent show.
A. Three five B. Three fives C. Thirds fifths D. Three fifths
4. I got a beautiful bike on ________ birthday. I like it very much.
A. Fifteenth B. Fifteen C. My fifteen D. My fifteenth
5. This is Mr. White’s _________ visit to Beijing. He has been there twice before.
A. Two B. Second C. Three D. Third
6. Now, everybody, please turn to Page ________ and look at the ________ picture.
A. Fifth; five B. Five; fifth C. Fifth; fifth D. Five; five
7. _______ people went to the concert which was held in People’s Square _______ the night of May Day.
A. Thousand of; in B. Thousand; on C Many thousand; in D. Thousands of; on
8. I think _________ of the materials I listened to at the very beginning of the exam ________easy.
A. Three fourths; is B. Third four; are C. Three fourth; are D. Three fourth; are
9. About _________ of the workers in the factory were born in the __________.
A. Two-thirds; 1970 B. Two-thirds; 1970s
C. Two-third; 1970 D. Two-third; 1970s
10. -------Bob, can you write the number seven hundred and eighty thousand and thirty-two?
------ Yes. It is ____________.
A. 78032 B. 7832 C. 7032 D. 780032
11. Nine _________ pounds a week?
A. hundred of B. hundreds of C. hundreds D. Hundred
12. The ____________ month of the year is February.
A. one B. first C. two D. Second
13. ----Come and see me in _________.
-----With pleasure. That’s what I’m expecting.
A. Two or three days’ B. Two or three day’s time
C. Two or three days’ time
二、阅读理解
Some people have a very poor sense of direction. Unlucky , I am one of them. I have visited a place many times but I may still get lost there the next time.
When I was a little girl, I never dared ask strangers the way. And so I used to walk round in circle and hope that by chance I would get to the place I was going to.
Now , I am no longer too shy to ask people for directions, but I often receive helpless or even wrong information. So I try to avoid giving people wrong directions. If anyone asks me the way somewhere, I would say,"sorry, I am a stranger here."
Once on my way to work I was stopped by a man. He asked me if I could tell him the way to the Friendship Building. I gave him my usual reply. But just as I walked on only a few steps. I realized that he had asked the way to my office building. However, I had no time to turn back and look for him. I was rushing to meet with someone at my office and I didn't want to keep him waiting.
When I just got to my office, the secretary showed in the man who had asked me for directions. Imagine how embarrassed I was and how surprised he was when we saw each other at the first sight!
1. The writer always refuses to give people directions because .
A.she's a strange to the city B.she doesn't know the people
C.she has no time to help others D.she's afraid of giving wrong directions.
2. A man stopped the writer on the way to .
A.sell her something B.ask for the time
C.make friends with her D.ask for the directions.
3. The Friendship Building is the place where the writer .
A. lives B.studies C.works D.teaches
4. The word "embarrassed" in the last paragraph means " " .
A. 尴尬 B.困惑 C.激动 D.拮据
5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The writer is tooshy to give others directions
B. The writer has a very poor sense of directions
C. The writer never got lost when she was young.
D. The man was quite nervous when he saw the writer.

三、完型填空
Many parents want their children to be famous one day. But do children have the same__ 1__?
A new__ 2__—Hi, Ke'ai is on at Beijing Children's Art Theatre. It tells the story of a boy called Ke'ai. His parents would like him to become a painter or a _ 3___ one day. They teach him to __4__and to play the violin, but Ke'ai doesn't enjoy these activities. Then one day Ke'ai's parents see Liu Xiang win a gold___5 at the Athens Olympic Games, and they want him to be a sportsman.
"__6__do they want me to be someone else?" Ke'ai asks and says, "I only want to be__7__."
The play shows us that it is good for parents to learn to __8__their children. It helps parents to think about what kids want to do.

Young audiences(观众)enjoy the story, and also the__9__in the play. There are two songs in the play. One of them, "Ke'ai's Song" is very __10__to learn, so the audiences can sing the song on their way home after the play!
1. A.jobs B.dreams C.habits D.hobbies
2. A.song B.film C.play D.opera
3. A.writer B.teacher C.sportsman D.musician
4. A.paint B.write C.run D.drive
5. A.match B.ring C.medal D.race
6. A.How B.Why C.When D.Where[来#&源:中教︿网%~]
7. A.myself B.different C.alone D.great
8. A.encourage B.understand C.criticize D.inspire
9. A.light B.clothes C.skill D.music
10. A.easy B.difficult C.important D.necessary 3、通过活动，使学生养成博览群书的好习惯。
B比率分析法和比较分析法不能测算出各因素的影响程度。√
C采用约当产量比例法，分配原材料费用与分配加工费用所用的完工率都是一致的。Ｘ
C采用直接分配法分配辅助生产费用时，应考虑各辅助生产车间之间相互提供产品或劳务的情况。错
C产品的实际生产成本包括废品损失和停工损失。√
C成本报表是对外报告的会计报表。×
C成本分析的首要程序是发现问题、分析原因。×
C成本会计的对象是指成本核算。×
C成本计算的辅助方法一般应与基本方法结合使用而不单独使用。√
C成本计算方法中的最基本的方法是分步法。X
D当车间生产多种产品时，“废品损失”、“停工损失”的借方余额，月末均直接记入该产品的产品成本
中。×
D定额法是为了简化成本计算而采用的一种成本计算方法。×
F“废品损失”账户月末没有余额。√
F废品损失是指在生产过程中发现和入库后发现的不可修复废品的生产成本和可修复废品的修复费用。Ｘ
F分步法的一个重要特点是各步骤之间要进行成本结转。(√)
G各月末在产品数量变化不大的产品，可不计算月末在产品成本。错
G工资费用就是成本项目。(×)
G归集在基本生产车间的制造费用最后均应分配计入产品成本中。对
J计算计时工资费用，应以考勤记录中的工作时间记录为依据。(√)
J简化的分批法就是不计算在产品成本的分批法。(×)
J简化分批法是不分批计算在产品成本的方法。对
J加班加点工资既可能是直接计人费用，又可能是间接计人费用。√
J接生产工艺过程的特点，工业企业的生产可分为大量生产、成批生产和单件生产三种，X
K可修复废品是指技术上可以修复使用的废品。错
K可修复废品是指经过修理可以使用，而不管修复费用在经济上是否合算的废品。Ｘ
P品种法只适用于大量大批的单步骤生产的企业。×
Q企业的制造费用一定要通过“制造费用”科目核算。Ｘ
Q企业职工的医药费、医务部门、职工浴室等部门职工的工资，均应通过“应付工资”科目核算。Ｘ
S生产车间耗用的材料，全部计入“直接材料”成本项目。Ｘ
S适应生产特点和管理要求，采用适当的成本计算方法，是成本核算的基础工作。(×)
W完工产品费用等于月初在产品费用加本月生产费用减月末在产品费用。对
Y“预提费用”可能出现借方余额，其性质属于资产，实际上是待摊费用。对
Y引起资产和负债同时减少的支出是费用性支出。X
Y以应付票据去偿付购买材料的费用，是成本性支出。X
Y原材料分工序一次投入与原材料在每道工序陆续投入，其完工率的计算方法是完全一致的。Ｘ
Y运用连环替代法进行分析，即使随意改变各构成因素的替换顺序，各因素的影响结果加总后仍等于指标的总差异，因此更换各因索替换顺序，不会影响分析的结果。(×)
Z在产品品种规格繁多的情况下，应该采用分类法计算产品成本。对
Z直接生产费用就是直接计人费用。X
Z逐步结转分步法也称为计列半成品分步法。√

A按年度计划分配率分配制造费用，“制造费用”账户月末(可能有月末余额/可能有借方余额/可能有贷方余额/可能无月末余额)。
A按年度计划分配率分配制造费用的方法适用于(季节性生产企业)