翻硕复习十七讲应用文体翻译.ppt

第十七讲 应用文体翻译教学步骤：一、应用文体翻译概论二、应用文体翻译的共同原则与方法三、应用文体翻译实践四、美文翻译练习与赏析 A Smile 一、概论（一）应用文体的概念 应用文体是国家机关、企业、事业单位、社会团体、人民群众用于工作、学习、生活等方面，直接为现实生活服务，具有实用价值、惯用格式的一类文章的总称。应用性文体是所有实用性写作的一个总称，其范围很广，包括书信、公函、合同、协议、通知、电报、演讲、公证书、说明书、单据、产品说明书、操作指南或手册等。（二）应用文体的分类(1)(1)公文类公文类如：命令、批复、指示、报告等。(2)(2)工作文书类工作文书类如：计划、总结、章程、制度等。(3)(3)法律文书类法律文书类如：笔录、立案报告、鉴定书，起诉书，调解书，判决书以及各种诉状等。(4)(4)经济文书类经济文书类如：财务报告、市场调查、招投标书、合同，以及财税、工商、审计、地产等部门的各种业务文书等等。(5)(5)条据文书类条据文书类如：请假条、留言条、借据、收条欠条、领条、便条、托事条、催托条、馈赠条等。(6)(6)书信文书类书信文书类如：一般书信、情书和表扬信、推荐信、慰问信、邀请信、感谢信、求职信、咨询信、介绍信、证明信、申请书、聘书、履历、说明书、报捷书、保证书、倡议书、建议书、悔过书等专用书信。(7)(7)礼仪文书类礼仪文书类如：祝词、贺信、请柬、欢迎词、欢送词、题词、悼词、讣告、唁电、碑文、对联等。（8 8）启事文书类启事文书类如：征稿启事、征婚启事、征订启事、开业启事、寻人启事、寻物启事、招聘启事、招生启事等。（二）应用文体的特点 由于目的要求不同，不同的应用文体的语言、修辞等特征有较大的差异。由于目的要求不同，不同的应用文体的语言和格式各不相同，而通知、电报、演讲也各有其特点。因此，应用文从内容到形式都很驳杂。各类应用文体在语言个格式上也有相同点：语言上庄重、严谨、简洁明确、平铺直叙、要点突出，格式上的规范、程式化。二、应用文翻译的共同原则与方法 语言简练，直截了当，条理清楚 表达准确，用词恰当，明白易懂三、应用文体翻译实践1.证 明 证明书种类很多，有工作经历证明、工作经验证明、病情证明、留学生经济担保书、学业成绩证明书等等，是用来证明一个人的身份、学历、婚姻状况、身体情况等或某一件事情的真实情况。证明信的写法通常也采用一般信件格式，但多省掉收信人的姓名、地址和结束用语。称呼多用“To Whom It May Concern”意即“有关负责人”，但此项也可省略。写证明书要求言简意赅。例一：医生证明书 Doctors CertificateJune.18,2000 This is to certify that the patient,Mr.Tomas,male,aged 41,was admitted into our hospital on June.9,2000,for suffering from acute appendicitis.After immediate operation and ten days of treatment,he has got complete recovery and will be discharged on June.19,2000.It is suggested that he rest for one week at home before resuming his work.Jack Hopkins Surgeon-in-charge 医生证明书2000年6月18日 兹证明病人托马斯先生，男，41岁，因患急性阑尾炎，于2000年6月9日住院。经立即施行手术和十天治疗后，现已痊愈，将于2000年6月19日出院。建议在家休息一个星期后再上班工作。主治医生：杰克霍普金斯 例二：公证书 Certificate(90)Lu Zi,No.1130 This is to certificate that Mr.Zhao Qiangwen holds a diploma issued to him in July,1980 by Shandong University(Diploma No.064)and that we have carefully checked the seal of the University and the signature by President Zhou Yong sen.Jinan Notary Public Office Shangdong Province the Peoples Republic of Chin Notary:Wang Fang May 2,2000 公证书（90鲁公证字第1130号）兹证明赵强文先生持有山东大学于1980年发给他的064号毕业文凭上的学校印签和校长周永森签字属实。中华人民共和国 山东省济南市公证处 公证员：王芳 2000年5月2日 履历表范例(行政助理)Name:Xiaoling Chen Address:89 Duobao Street,Apt.508Guangzhou.510150Telephone:[phone]Vital Statistics:Sex:Female.Age:26.Height:160cm.Weight:55kg.Marital Status:Single ID Card No.440104629068002Job Objective:Administrative Assistant as a large corporation with foreign investment in Shenzhen.Work Experience:Guangzhou Sea-Transport Administration Bureau,Ministry of Communications.1992-Present Secretary to director.Responsible for receiving telephones,writing routine letters,taking dictations,arranging meetings,making minutes,keeping records,receiving visitors,etc.1990-1992 Guangdong Shenzhou Gas Apparatus Combined Industrial Company.Assistant to general manager.Supervised office staff of twenty clerical,stenographic,and machine operator personnel.Responsible for the monthly distribution of want list to over 200 buyers.Education:Beijing College of Commerce,B.B.A.,July 1990;Beijing No.126 Middle School,1984-1990Special Skills:Computer language:BASIC Foreign languages:Intermediate Japanese and excellent English.References:will be furnished on request.姓名：陈晓玲联系地址：广州多宝街89号508室 510150电话：4867321重要资料：性别：女。年龄：26。身高：160公分。体重：55公斤，婚姻状况：未婚。身份证号码：440104629068002工作目标：深圳市大型外资公司行政助理。工作经历：交通部广州海运管理局。1992年至今:局长秘书。负责接电话、写日常信函、记录口述、安排会议、作会议记录、保存档案、接待来访人员、等等。1990年至1992年：广东神州燃气具联合实业公司。总经理助理。督导二十名办公室文员、速记员及机器操作员、负责200多家购买商缺货的每月分配。学历：北京商学院，1990年7月获工商管理学士学位。1984年至199O年在北京一百二十六中学读书。特别技能：计算机语言：BASIC 外语：日语中等水平、英语极好。证明人：要求即寄。2.通 知 通知是上级对下级、组织对成员或平行单位之间部署工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文。通知的写法有两种，一种是以布告形式贴出，把事情通知有关人员，如学生、观众等，通常不用称呼；另一种是以书信的形式，发给有关人员，次种通知写作形式同普通书信，只要写明通知的具体内容即可。通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。例一：布告形式的通知：通常此类通知上方正中写Notice或NOTICE（通知），发出通知的的单位的具体名称可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角处，发出通知的日期写在左下角处。例如：NOTICE All professors and associate professors are requested to meet in the college conference room on Saturday,August 18,at 2:00 p.m.to discuss questions of international academic exchanges.May.14,2000 通 知 本星期六（8月18日）下午二时，全体教授和副教授在学院会议室开会，讨论国际学术交流问题，请准时出席。例二：书信形式的通知 Dear Examinee:As you know,due to unfortunate circumstances,ETS was forced to cancel the scores of the Octorber 1992 TOEFL administration in the Peoples Republic of China.At that time,you were notified that you would be able to take another TOEFL without charge up through the October 1993 administration.You should be aware that the TOEFL program has a long standing policy of not refunding test fees when administrations are cancelled.We apologize for any inconvenience that this may cause to you.Russell WebsterExecutive Director TOEFL ProgramEducational Testing Service 诸考生：如你所知，很遗憾，教育考试服务处被迫取消1992年10月在中华人民共和国进行的托福考试成绩，当时，我方通知你直至1993年10月止，可免费参加在此期间的任何一次考试。你本应知道托福考试项目有一条长期有效的政策：当考试被取消时，之后的一次考试不再收取费用。因此带给您的不便，深表歉意。教育考试服务处，托福考试项目执行主任：拉塞尔韦伯斯特（签字）3.收 据 收据种类很多，有收条、借据、订阅单、订货单等，是在跟对方发生钱和物的关系时写给对方作为凭据的条子，起书面证据作用。在写借据、收条时，写字据的日期写于右上角，然后写明是“借”还是“收到”，“借”、“还”钱或物的名称和数量。立据人写于右下角。例一：借款。To Mr.Charles Green,May.18,2000 I.O.U.three thousand U.S.dollars(U.S.$3000)only,within one year from this date with annual interest at four percent(4).David Smith兹借查尔斯格林先生叁仟美元（U.S.$3000），年息四厘，自即日算起，一年内归还。借款人戴维史密斯2000年5月18日I.O.U.I owe you 也可写成IOU,即“我欠你”的意思，译成汉语为“今欠”、“今借到”。例二：收到物品 June.8,2000Received from Mr.Handel the following things:One typewriterOne tape-recorder BruceTHANK YOUSUCCESS2024/5/8 周三28可编辑2000年6月8日兹收到汉德尔先生下述物件：打字机壹台录音机壹台 布鲁斯例三：订阅单。写订阅单时共分四个部分：1、订阅刊物的名称、起止时间；2、订阅人的姓名；3、订阅人的详细地址；4、附言。SUBSCRIPTION FORM(Write in Block Letters Please)Please enter my subscription to The Times for one year beginning with the January issue of 2000.Name:Niles PalmerAddress:421 Swan Boulevard,Detroit,Michigan,the United States of AmericaEnclosed please find a postal money order in the amount of 7.60 dollars.订阅单（请用印刷体书写）订阅泰晤士报一年，自2000年1月刊开始。姓名：奈尔斯帕尔默地址：美利坚合众国密执安州底特律天鹅大街第421号随函寄上订阅费7.60美元，请查收。4.启 事 启事是一种公告性的应用文。机关、团体或个人如有什么事情向他人公开说明某事或请求帮助，或对群众有什么要求，可把要说的意思简要地写成启事。启事有多种，象寻人启事、寻物启事、征婚启事、开业启事等等。例一：寻物启事 A Jacket Lost In the playground,May12,a Jacket,green in colour and with a zipper in the collar lost,finder please return it to the owner,Krutch.Room 203,Dormitory 9.寻茄克衫5月12日本人不慎在操场丢失一件绿色，领口有拉链的茄克衫。拾到者请把茄克衫还给失主克鲁奇。地点九号宿舍楼203房间。例二：订婚启事 NOTICE OF ENGAGEMENTMr.and Mrs.Holand Walshman have the honour to announce the engagement of their daughter,Miss Lucy,to Mr.Samual Russell on Saturday,August 11,2000.订婚启事荷兰德沃尔什曼先生及夫人荣幸地宣布，他们的小女露西与塞穆尔罗素先生于2000年八月十一日（星期六）订婚，兹特敬告亲友。5.便 条 便条就是一种简单的书信，内容简短，大多是临时性的留言、要求等。是在有急事需告诉别人而又不能面谈时，就可以写便条，如请假条、留言条等等，一般不写地址，与普通书信基本相同。具有用途广泛、形式简单、文字要求不严格的特点。便条都不用邮寄。例一：请假条。写请假条时，如有医生出具的证明，最好一起附上。Dear Mr.Pike，I very much regret I was unable to attend school this morning owing to a severe attack of illness.I am enclosing here with a certificate from the doctor who is attending me,as he fears it will be several days before I shall be able to resume my study.I trust my enforced absence will not give you any serious inconvenience.Sincerely yours Jack亲爱的派克先生：非常抱歉，我因今晨突然生病不能前来上课。现附上医生证明，医生担心我也许要几天后才能上课。希望我这次身不由己的缺勤不致给您带来很大的麻烦。您忠诚的杰克 例二：留言条。可用于说明一件事、做一次活动安排以及询问等等，应直截了当。写留言条，日期部分写在右上角，一般只写星期几，或星期几上午、下午或具体钟点。8:30 A.M.Dear Peter:I have done all my things here.I sincerely thank you for the trouble you have taken for my sake.I am leaving for home by train at two this afternoon.This is to say good-bye to you.Please kindly remember me to your wife.Yours ever,Jack亲爱的彼特：我在这里的事情已经全部办好。这次麻烦你了，我万分感激。我定于今天下午两点乘火车返家，特来辞行，并请代向你的妻子问好。挚友 杰克 上午8时30分6.海报POSTER 海报是贴在人来人往的地方，告知广大群众大多是喜闻乐见的消息，如电影消息、球讯、商品报道等等，其性质类似广告，有的还配以绘画以增加吸引力。例一：有关球赛的海报 POSTERFootball MatchAll Are Warmly Welcome Under the auspices of the Student Union of our university,a friendly football match will be held between our team and the team of Chemical Engineering College on our football field on Saturday,May.27th,2000 at 5:00 p.m.The Student Union Thursday,May.25.足球赛 由本校学生会主办的足球友谊赛将于2000年5月27日（星期六）下午5时在足球场举行，参赛队为我校队与化工学院校队。欢迎届时观战。校学生会5月25日（星期四）例二、商品大拍卖海报 GOOD NEWSSummer Clearance Sales All the goods on show are sold at twenty percent discount.Please examine and choose them carefully before you pay.There will be no replacement or refunding.You have been warned in advance.You are welcome to make your choice.Personal Shopping Service好消息夏季清仓物资处理 本店陈列商品一律八折出售。请顾客们仔细看货，认真挑选。商品付款出门后不退不换，特此预先声明。如蒙惠顾，无比欢迎。贝金森购物服务中心四、美文翻译练习与赏析 The Smile I was sure that I was to be killed.I became terribly nervous.I fumbled 1in my pockets to see if there were any cigarettes,which had escaped 2their search.I found one and because of my shaking hands,I could barely get it to my lips.But I had no matches,they had taken those.I looked through the bars at my jailer.He did not make eye contact with me.I called out to him:Have you got a light?He looked at me,shrugged 3and came over to light my cigarette.As he came close and lit the match,his eyes inadvertently locked with mine.At that moment,I smiled.Perhaps it was nervousness,perhaps it was because,when you get very close,one to another,it is very hard not to smile.In any case,I smiled.In thatinstant,it was as though a spark jumped across the gap between our two hearts,our two human souls.I know he didnt want to,but my smile leaped through the bars and generated a smile on his lips,too.He lit my cigarette but stayed near,looking at me directly in the eyes and continuing to smile.微 笑一想到自己明天就没命了，不禁陷入极端的惶恐。我翻遍了口袋，终于找到一支没被他们搜走的香烟，但我的手紧张得不停发抖，连将烟送进嘴里都成问题，而我的火柴也在搜身时被拿走了。“我透过铁栏望着外面的警卫，他并没有注意到我在看他，我叫了他一声：“能跟你借个火吗？”他转头望着我，耸了耸肩，然后走了过来，点燃我的香烟。当他帮我点火时，他的眼光无意中与我的相遇，这时我突然冲着他微笑。我不知道自己为何有这般反应，也许是过于紧张，或者是当你如此靠近另一个人，你很难不对他微笑。不管是何理由，我对他笑了。就在这一刹那，这抹微笑如同火花般，打破了我们心灵间的隔阂。受到了我的感染，他的嘴角不自觉地也现出了笑容，虽然我知道他原无此意。他点完火后并没立刻离开，两眼盯着我瞧，脸上仍带着微笑。I kept smiling at him,now aware of him as a person andnot just a jailer.And his looking at me seemed to have a new dimension4 too.Do you have kids?he asked.Yes,here,here.I took out my wallet and nervously fumbled for the pictures of my family.He,too,took out the pictures of his family and began to talk about his plans and hopes for them.My eyes filled with tears.I said that I feared that Id never see my family again,neverhave the chance to see them grow up.Tears came to his eyes,too.Suddenly,without another word,he unlocked my cell and silently led me out.Out of the jail,quietly and by back routes,out of the town.There,at the edge of town,he released me.And without another word,he turned back toward the town.我也以笑容回应，仿佛他是个朋友，而不是个守着我的警卫。他看着我的眼神也少了当初的那股凶气，“你有小孩吗？”他开口问道。“有，你看。”我拿出了皮夹，手忙脚乱地翻出了我的全家福照片。他也掏出了照片，并且开始讲述他对家人的期望与计划。这时我眼中充满了泪水，我说我害怕再也见不到家人。我害怕没机会看着孩子长大。他听了也流下两行眼泪。突然间，他二话不说地打开了牢门，悄悄地带我从后面的小路逃离了监狱，出了小镇，就在小镇的边上，他放了我，之后便转身往回走，不曾留下一句话。My life was saved by a smile.Yes,the smile-the unaffected,unplanned,natural connection between people.I really believe that if that part of you and that part of me could recognize each other,we wouldnt be enemies.We couldnt have hate or envy or fear.“一个微笑居然能救自己一条命。”是的，微笑是人与人之间最自然真挚的沟通方式。如果我们能用心灵去认识彼此，世间不会有结怨成仇的憾事；恨意、妒嫉、恐惧也会不复存在。背景介绍：微笑是法国作家安东尼圣艾修伯里的作品，圣艾修伯里是名飞行员，二次大战对抗纳粹时被击落身亡，之前他也曾参加西班牙内战打击法西斯分子。他根据这次经验写了一篇精彩的故事微笑。他的代表作小王子是美国人都很熟悉的童话故事。THE ENDTHANK YOUSUCCESS2024/5/8 周三55可编辑