初中英语阅读理解技巧(方法例题).ppt

英语阅读技巧1-阅读阅读理解理解Reading Skills细节细节理解和判断理解和判断推推测词语测词语意意义义推断深推断深层层含含义义 理解主旨大意理解主旨大意理解作者意理解作者意图观图观点点态态度度2-一、一、细节细节理解和判断理解和判断细节题细节题主要考主要考查查学生学生对对文章重要文章重要细节细节、信息的、信息的综综合理解能合理解能力以及推理判断能力等。力以及推理判断能力等。细节题细节题大多可以直接或大多可以直接或间间接地从接地从文章中找到答案。文章中找到答案。Which of the following statements is true(not true)?In the passage,which of the following is mentioned?All the following statements are true except _.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.以及以及where,how,who,why,how long等引等引导导的特殊的特殊疑疑问问句要求判断句要求判断细节细节。阅读阅读理解理解3-二、推二、推测词语测词语意意义义推推测词语测词语意意义义是指在是指在阅读过阅读过程中根据程中根据对语对语篇提供的信息、篇提供的信息、逻辑逻辑、背景知、背景知识识及及语语言言结结构等的构等的综综合理解去猜合理解去猜测测或推断某或推断某一生一生词词、关、关键词键词或短或短语语的的词义词义。提高。提高这这种技巧可以使我种技巧可以使我们们在在阅读过阅读过程中能很快通程中能很快通过过上下文提供的上下文提供的线线索或生索或生词词本身的本身的结结构特点推断出构特点推断出词义词义来，从而提高来，从而提高阅读阅读速度和速度和阅读阅读能力。能力。1.What does the underlined word“.”mean?2.By saying“.”，the writer means _.3.The meaning of the word is _.4.The underlined word“.”probably means _.5.The word“.”refers to _.6.The underlined word“.”can be replaced by _.7.Which is the following is the closet in meaning to the word?阅读阅读理解理解4-三、推断深三、推断深层层含含义义 推断深推断深层层含含义义主要考主要考查查学生根据学生根据阅读阅读材料中所提供的信材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知信息或深息，推断出未知信息或深层层含含义义的能力。要求考生把已有的能力。要求考生把已有的信息作的信息作为为已知条件，从中推断出符合因果关系已知条件，从中推断出符合因果关系变变化的未化的未知知结论结论。既理解字面意思，更要理解文章的深。既理解字面意思，更要理解文章的深层层含含义义甚至甚至包括作者意包括作者意图图等，分清哪些是事等，分清哪些是事实实，哪些是推理。，哪些是推理。记记住：判断有据，推理有理，忠于原文，切忌片面。住：判断有据，推理有理，忠于原文，切忌片面。1.We can infer from the passage that _.2.2.The writer suggests that _.3.From the passage(story),we can learn that _.4.What does the writer mean by saying?5.We may conclude from the passage that _.阅读阅读理解理解5-四、理解主旨大意四、理解主旨大意理解主旨大意理解主旨大意题题主要是主要是测试测试学生学生对对一篇文章或一段文字的一篇文章或一段文字的深深层层理解程度及在速理解程度及在速读读中准确把握文章大意的能力，一般中准确把握文章大意的能力，一般针对针对某一某一语语段或某一段或某一语语篇的主篇的主题题或目的或目的设题设题。1.The passage/article is mainly about _.2.2.The main idea of the passage is _.3.What topic is discussed in the passage?4.From the passage we know/learn that _.5.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?6.The title of this passage could be _.阅读阅读理解理解6-解答解答这类题这类题目目时时，最直接、最有效的方法是通，最直接、最有效的方法是通过过快速快速浏浏览览，找出每个段落的，找出每个段落的主主题题句句。一般来。一般来说说，主，主题题句通常是一句通常是一段中的第一句或最后一句，有段中的第一句或最后一句，有时时也会出也会出现现在段落中在段落中间间。有。有时时文中没有直接出文中没有直接出现现主主题题句，而需要我句，而需要我们总结们总结。此。此时应该时应该注意每一段的注意每一段的中心句中心句，把，把这这些中心句的意思些中心句的意思总结总结起来就是起来就是文章大意。文章大意。阅读阅读理解理解7-五、理解作者意五、理解作者意图观图观点点态态度度一篇文章不可避免地反映作者的一篇文章不可避免地反映作者的观观点和情点和情绪绪，作者期望，作者期望读读者能者能够够通通过过文章字面意思，真正文章字面意思，真正领领悟其言外之意，如作悟其言外之意，如作者的者的态态度或写作意度或写作意图图以及以及隐喻隐喻等等1.The writers purpose in writing this story is _.2.2.In the writers opinion,should _.3.When the writer says,he means _.4.The writers attitude toward.is _.5.Which of the following best describes how the writer feels about _?6.The author would agree that _.7.The writer mainly wants to tell us _.（中考（中考题题57题题）推推测测作者的写作目的，必作者的写作目的，必须须首先了解文章的主首先了解文章的主题题，然后分，然后分析作者的析作者的论论述方法、述方法、论论述的重点和材料的安排。述的重点和材料的安排。阅读阅读理解理解8-五、理解作者意五、理解作者意图观图观点点态态度度The writer uses blood type A and B as an example to explain _.（中考（中考题题57题题）推推测测作者的写作目的，必作者的写作目的，必须须首先了解文章的主首先了解文章的主题题，然后分，然后分析作者的析作者的论论述方法、述方法、论论述的重点和材料的安排。述的重点和材料的安排。阅读阅读理解理解9-1.如何捕捉大意？命题思路，题目中会有the main point/main idea/best title 等等。读首句/段抓大意Eg.Today Newtown is a very clean place.But many years ago,there were millions of rats in Newtown.They attacked the cats and dogs.Sometimes a lot of them knocked down a man or woman walking home at night.The rats were very big in size and they hurt many people.Question:Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A.How to Kill RatsB.Newtown-City of RatsC.How Newtown People Became RichD.How Newtown Became a Very Clean City.D10-(2)读尾句/段抓大意Eg.On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin.Everyone was astonished to see him.There was just one problem.Merlin had no way to stop his roller-skater.He rolled on and on.Suddenly he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall.Down fell the mirror,breaking to pieces.Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time.Question:What is the main point the writer is trying to make in this paragraph?A.The roller skates needed further improvementB.The party guests took Merlin for a fool.C.Merlin succeeded beyond expectation.D.Merlin got himself into trouble.C11-(3)从段落中抓大意Eg.Now satellites are helping to forecast the weather.They are in space,and they can reach any part of the world Today,nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries can receive satellite picturesSo the weather satellites are of a great help to the scientists at the station.In the past they could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours earlier.Now they can make good forecasts for 3 or 5 days.Question：The main idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in_.A.taking pictures of the atmosphereB.many waysC.receiving pictures of the atmosphereD.weather forecastingD12-2.如何搜索文章细节(1)直接对号入座Eg.At the same time after the age of ten,at eleven or twelve,boys and girls bodies start changing.This time of change is called puberty Question:According to the text the changes in puberty start at the age of _.A.8 or 9B.11 or 12C.15 or 16D.17 or 18(2)同义/反义词转换Eg.From 1262 to 1944 Iceland was ruled first by Norway and then by Denmark.Question:How many years did Norway and Denmark ruled Iceland?A.700B.682C.388D.1070Eg.Kuming has a population of more than 5,000,000.Question:Whats the population of Kuming?A.Over five millionB.Over five thousandC.Over five billionD.Over five hundredBBA13-(3)短语从句的转换Canada Geese are large blue and white birds.When autumn arrives,they have to fly south where the weather is warmer.Question:Canada Geese have to fly south _.A.in springB.before autumnC.in winterD.after summer(4)概括归纳Eg.Students sit in the classroom listening to the teacher.This is a way of learning.Is this the only way for students to learn something?Of course not.Question:Listening to the teacher is _ for students to learn something.A.not a wayB.the best wayC.the only wayD.not the only wayDD14-3.猜测词义的技巧(1)根据构词法猜测词义Eg1.I had walked two kilometers before I found a phone-box and eventually I was able to get a garage to send someone to give some help.Question:The world“eventually”means _.A.right awayB.at lastC.with difficultyD.unhappilyEg2:Most telephone hot lines are completely anonymous-callers dont have to say their names or telephone numbers.Question:The word“anonymous”probably means _.A.with a nameB.without a nameC.free of chargeD.interestingBB15-(2)根据同义词，反义词猜测词义One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is,you can take something positive out of it.Question:The work“positive”in the passage probably means _.A.terribleB.badC.goodD.realC16-(3)根据定义或解释猜测词义Every December in London,the National Cage and Aviary Bird Show tires to find the best“talking”bird in the world.One bird named Prudle stood out among the“talking birds”.She won this prize for 12 years form 1965 to 1976.Question:What does the word“stand out”mean in this passage?A站起来B.飞起来C.脱颖而出D.取出来C17-（4）根据上下文逻辑关系猜测词义Eg.Man can only drink or use the other 3%of the fresh water which comes from rivers,lakes an underground.On the other hand,because the number of people in the world is becoming larger and larger,more and more fresh water is needed.So water shortage becomes a big problem.Question:The word“shortage”in this passage means_.A.being enoughB.being short ofC.being short forD.being lessB18-(5)根据生活经验猜测词义For example,two cups of coffee will make you breathe faster and augment body heat.All this makes your heart beat faster,and doctors warn that this may be a little dangerous.Question:The world“augment”means_.A.increaseB.drinkC.stopD.make lessA19-4.推断隐含含义(1)推断数据Eg:“How much is the tomato soup”Paul asked.Six dollars,“the waiter said.“Its very good.”“How much is the duck with orange?”Paul asked next.“Fifteen dollars,”the waiter said.“How much is the chocolate ice cream?”“Six dollars”the waiter said.Paul added it up quickly.Six plus fifteen plus six is twenty-seven.He thought he could have the duck and the soup,or the duck and the ice cream.”Ill have the duck and the chocolate ice cream,please.”He said to the waiter.Question:How much did Pauls meal cost?A.$21B.$24 C.$25D.527A20-（2）推断隐含句义Eg.We are all busy talking about and using the Internet,but how many of us know the history of the Internet?The Internet has now become one of the most important parts of peoples life.Question:What can we infer from the last sentence?A.People will die without the InternetB.All people should set up their own networkC.People live easily without InternetD.People will more and more depend on the InternetD21-(3)推断作者观点意图Eg.TV shows are like books or films.A child can learn bad things from some of them and good things form others.Some shows help children to understand the news from Washington and other parts of the world.Some programmes show people and places from other countries or other times in history.With TV child does not have to go to the zoo to see animals or to sea to see a ship.Boys and girls can see a play,a concert or a basketball game at home.Some programmes even teach children how to cook or how to use tools.Question:The writers opinion is that _.A.boys and girls should spend some time both on TV and other things.B.children shouldnt watch TV showsC.parents mustnt buy TV sets.D.children should stop watching TV.A22-