人体运动学-肌肉动力学分析.ppt

人体运动学-功能性活动分析kinesiology application in functional activities 周 晶南方医科大学康复医学院.kinesiology.Purpose of studying clinical kinesiology The purpose of studying clinical kinesiology is to understand the forces acting on the human body and to manipulate these forces in treatment procedures so that human performance may be improved and further injury may be prevented 了解动作了解动作 了解作用在人体的力量了解作用在人体的力量优化运动效能优化运动效能避免和预防运动损伤避免和预防运动损伤.Reference.Planes of MotionTransverse Plane(YZ plane)Frontal Plane(XY plane)Sagittal Plane(XZ plane)Cardinal planes of motion.Naming Movements at Joints.Special casesThumbPronation/supinationHip med/lat rotation with hip flexion.Kinematic chainkinematic chain：a series of connected segment linksopen kinematic chain motion 开链运动开链运动 the joint motion with the distal segment moves free in space,e.g.raising lower leg or throwing a ballclosed kinematic chain motion 闭链运动闭链运动 the joint motion with the distal segment is fixed,e.g.standing up or squatting down.What kind of kinematic chain is performed aschin-up(引體向上引體向上)?one-legged squatting?.Basic Arthrokinematic Joint Motions(1)rolling or rocking,(2)sliding or gliding,(3)spinning.Application of Human Motion Measure and Analysis System.使用人體動作量測分析系統的目的使用人體動作量測分析系統的目的人體動作量測分析系統人體動作量測分析系統進階人體動作分析進階人體動作分析-人體動作分析模擬系統人體動作分析模擬系統人體動作分析系統之應用人體動作分析系統之應用步態分析步態分析(gait analysis)平衡訓練平衡訓練輔具科技輔具科技下背痛分析下背痛分析運動器材運動器材體育技術體育技術.使用動作量測分析系統的目的了解人體動作，肢幹間的相關性了解人體動作，肢幹間的相關性運動學，動力學參數運動學，動力學參數設計、提升與評估人體運動、手工具、運動器材與醫療輔具等的功設計、提升與評估人體運動、手工具、運動器材與醫療輔具等的功能與成效能與成效.動作量測分析系統包含動作量測分析系統動作量測分析系統電子量角器電子量角器(electrogoniometer)力量感測器力量感測器(Loadcell)動動作擷取系統作擷取系統(Vicon)測力板測力板(AMTI)肌電訊號肌電訊號(EMG)加速規加速規(Accelerometer)資料收集盒資料收集盒(Datalogger).電子量角器(electrogoniometer).力量感測器(Loadcell).力量感測器(Loadcell).動作分析系統.1.動作擷取系統(Vicon)Vicon 460Ploygon.LFHDLSHOLUPASTRNCLAVLELBLFRALWRBLASILWRALFINLTHILKNELTIBRFHDLANKLTOELMT5RTOERMT5RANKRTIBRKNERTHIRASIRELBRFRARWRBRWRARSHORBHDLBHDC7RBAKT10 LPSIRPSISACRRFINLHEERHEE.2.測力板(AMTI)forceamplifiertransducerA/D PC.測力板(CoP)xyF.3.肌電訊號(EMG).動作量測分析系統動作量測分析系統電子量角器電子量角器(electrogoniometer)力量感測器力量感測器(Loadcell)動動作擷取系統作擷取系統(Vicon)測力板測力板(AMTI)肌電訊號肌電訊號(EMG)加速規加速規(Accelerometer)資料收集盒資料收集盒(Datalogger)關節角度關節角度外力外力肢段空間位置肢段空間位置地面反作用力地面反作用力肌電訊號肌電訊號 加速度加速度資料收集資料收集.人体功效学之人体模拟系统.20 cm50.8 cm42Kg25Kg.25Kg42Kg10 cm39 cm.动作分析的应用.Gait analysis.平衡訓練.h=肩高肩高.Bicycle analysisHip moment 1500N-mmKnee moment 2400N-mmQudriceps 4500N，Biceps femoris 1500NGluteus 3000NTibialis anterior 2800NGastroneminus 1600N.m mo or re e Joy&Safety.m mo or re e Fun&Lark.forfor Goodor or Bad.Treadmill.高爾夫.人体功效改善對策.人因工程改善對策使用臂力人，配瓶口夾鈎使用臂力人，配瓶口夾鈎.outlinemobilityoccupational and daily activities.Three elementsthe first;identifies the sequence of activities performed from the start to the completion of the activitythe second;presents a description of the joint movements throughout the activitythe third;distinguishes the muscles and how they function to produce the joint movements to successfully perform the activities.Mobility.Floor mobility：rollingRollingDevelopmental direction：nonsegmental-segmentalSupine to prone more individual variation more difficult than prone to supine.Supine to prone(Roll to the right)1.left upper extremity reaching to the rightShoulder flexion anterior deltoid三角肌前侧三角肌前侧+of pectoralis major胸大肌胸大肌Horizontal adduction水平位的内收水平位的内收 posterior deltoid(eccentric contraction 离心收缩离心收缩 after passing the midline).Scapula protraction肩胛骨前伸Serratus anterior前锯肌前锯肌,upper&lower trapezius 斜方肌斜方肌Elbow extension:Triceps 肱三头肌肱三头肌Forearm pronation 前臂旋前前臂旋前 pronator quadratus&pronator teres 旋前方肌旋前方肌 旋前圆肌旋前圆肌Wrist in neutral or slight extension 腕关节中立位腕关节中立位 微微伸展微微伸展Extensors carpi radialis longus&brevis（桡侧腕伸肌）（桡侧腕伸肌）+extensor carpi ulnaris（尺侧腕伸肌）（尺侧腕伸肌）.Finger and thumb extension extensor digitorum指伸肌指伸肌 Abduction:dorsal interossei 背侧骨间肌背侧骨间肌Rotator cuff肩袖肩袖 muscles stabilize head of the humerus during arm motionRight U/E Shoulder extension肩关节伸展肩关节伸展+scapular retraction肩胛骨后肩胛骨后缩缩+forearm in midposition前臂中立位前臂中立位+wrist and finger extension手腕伸展手腕伸展.headNeck rotation&lateral flexion to the rightleft stemocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌胸锁乳突肌+right scalene（斜角肌）（斜角肌）Flexion increased as the movement proceeds.3.trunk flexion and rotation to the right Flexion:rectus abdominus 腹直肌腹直肌Rotation+lateral rotation right internal abdominal oblique腹内斜肌腹内斜肌+left external abdominal oblique腹外斜肌腹外斜肌4.left pelvisForward rotation+left hip flexion&adduction+left knee flexion(foot pushing off the floor).5.right lower limb in extension6.weight bearing on right side of the body7.weight shift to left arm(right arm move from beneath the body)right shoulder flexion+scapular upward rotation+elbow extension+forearm pronation+wrist and hand extension to push into floor.Occupational and daily activities.Lifting tasks.Head,trunk,pelvis are maintained in midline alignment throughout the activityCocontraction of anterior and posterior muscles neck flexors(SCM,scalenes斜角肌斜角肌)v.s.extensors erector spinae（竖棘肌）（竖棘肌）v.s.abdominal muscles腹肌腹肌 transverse abdominis v.s.multifidus pelvis and lumbar spine in neutral positionTorso is moved by hip instead of trunk motion.Preparation phase prior to lifting,test the object to be lifted to get an idea of its weight establish wide base of support and standing close to the object hip abduction:gluteus medius and minimus（臀中肌、臀小肌）（臀中肌、臀小肌）,TFL.sartorius（缝匠肌）（缝匠肌）laterally rotation(45)：gluteus maximus(臀大肌臀大肌),deep lateral rotators,sartorius（缝匠肌）（缝匠肌）.Move into a squatSpinal position:erector spinae(isometric contraction)Lumber stabilization:abdominalsHip flexion(90):throughout preparation phase gluteus maximus and hamstrings(eccentric contraction)further flexes to move torso over boxKnee flexion:quadriceps(eccentric contraction)Ankle dorsiflexion:gastrocnemius soleus(eccentric contraction)control tibia moving forward over the foot into dorsiflexion.Reach and grasp the objectShoulder flexion:anterior deltoid(三角肌前部三角肌前部),pectoralis major胸大肌胸大肌(clavicular portion锁骨头锁骨头)midway between medial and lateral rotation:subscapularis,infraspinatus冈下肌冈下肌,teres minor,anterior deltoidElbow extension:contraction of triceps and elbow flexors(brachialis肱肱,brachioradialis肱桡肱桡,biceps).Forearm in midpositionHand power grasp wrist extension:functional position contraction between wrist extensors and finger flexors fingers and thumb full extension and abduction-full flexion and adduction(palmar interossei)thumb flexion and abduction:flexor policis and pollocis adductor.Lifting phaseU/E set to accept the weight isometric contraction of muscles activates in preparation phaseTrunk extension Hip extension:concentric contraction of gluteus maximus and hamstrings abduction lateral rotation Knee extension concentric contraction of quadriceps.Household tasks:vacuuming.A push-pull activity using U/E to serve as the delivery of L/E forces only U/E ipsilateral(身体同侧的身体同侧的)to front leg is uesedTandem stance:one leg ahead of the otherProcedure weight transfers to front leg(knee flexion)&pushing off from back leg-shoulder flexion+elbow extension weight pushed(knee extension)from front leg to back leg-shoulder extension+elbow flexion.Head,neck and trunk:neutral position,slight rotation to the right(in this illustration)erector spinae and abdominal trunk extension and lumbar stabilization in uprightLt external abdominal obiliques+Rt internal abdominal obliques.Pelvis:gluteus medius(both legs)maintain a level pelvis and shift weight from one leg to the other.L/E:both legs are in abduction&lateral rotation Front leg hip flexion;knee flexion,ankle plantarflexion(踝趾屈踝趾屈)Back leg hip extension;knee extension;ankle neutral to eversionKnee:Quadricpes(股四头肌股四头肌)in all phases.Pushing forward：L/EHip adductors(front leg)contract eccentrically as weight moves forward abductors(back leg)concentric contraction:move hip into abduction(forward)hip flexion:Gluteus maximus(bag leg)contracts eccentricallyAnkle dorsiflexion gastrocnemius(front leg)contracts eccentricallyElbow extension:triceps(front hand).Pulling back:L/EHip Adductors(front leg)contract concentrically as weight moves backward Abductors(back leg)eccentric contraction:adduct hip against gravity(backward)Ankle plantarflexion:gastrocnemius-soleus(back leg)eversion:peroneus longus and brevis(back leg).assignments.Leg phases of cycling.Tennis service phases.Swim stroke.Soccer kick.Presentation6个组个组每个小组每个小组20min动作分析动作分析结合临床应用：包括如何避免运动损伤等结合临床应用：包括如何避免运动损伤等准备准备PPT及演示素材及演示素材小组讨论小组讨论.