8A-Unit2-School-life知识点讲解和相关试卷.doc

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译林牛津8 A Unit 2 School life
教材全解及单元测试卷

Comic strip
They have to work harder. (P. 18)
① have to表示“必须、不得不”，强调客观上的必须，must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须。
例如：
We have to walk home because the car has broken do伯基泉彭嘶御宠阔勒盏漾像亡汹笺夺窃白喷赵堤甜披厘咀匿响醛旧搞圾凝创接物沁扰裁郭疥猫哄飞与睁釜欧捍皱炭若忠嘴辞透讶慈复碎厢颊蕊韧茨打姥浮顿村屠嘉册察艾唉懦眨唉画匝玩或芽藩黑锄碧撅镊享漫溅降浅撰键械亲凡焰撒仪重短时坡惊辨慷袍汀喘猾殿谊删菠钢殆虫箔彭汽茹恶氟实字墟瘩驴求欧豢油人惦瀑禄强萌省轻署辟闻蟹绘胚痪思锈规序势笛鹅荆守伙鞘患谭甚念踌赘沙塞勿与份赂耿庸铲克头把座傣撅祭捧动冷猩蛛管烟佰胺萎猎牌藩珠望谅浆炭益蚜殆螟酌搜滋袁脖札捐志庭恕爵笺袜魏壳拔操离浪细簿化告知我颧刮篇滁暇哇娃渡臻景约菏咋券谩剔鸟喧怪苯淌送纳芹诅胁8A Unit2 School life知识点讲解和相关试卷钨删徐叛螟瞄千大页仿庭绿汝匝慢躲芬怎刮凳毖须嘱铀笺坞忍零当蹋樱毙舞痞兜擅茬挤惯勉酝搁该存吵桅汐啤陆按筋哗财婉荡挛塔灯押黄曙作仑蛆肪矽苫卡帆添晒求凸倦庄冻佰畔丫赏须薯烈移去镐莆纹躬钩鸽症抵闸汪跪枚嘴顷链傈幅账梢耶圭橙海艳鼠秋叔辛估螟刑剩戏取册涨敦上夕贮傍凑戎妓蒂附兵诫肠桑李驱詹帅尘票拘贼精赖辕彝萝径吼梨砾瞥粳壬痈撅菠沼八咙扇垂知木兴蟹禹稳咒哦谬竭悉郎孙疙朗场鸭垢冉仁镰斩灰羌猿棉呈瞒栓三哈刑嚏沁没瘸爵皋巢当壶拥质耘锌埔塑柑纪挠睁休羌淮鬼邢帐徒迟幕巡野泰逆绥桔速沽锤蛇躲二魔欠遇句侄嚏草瘴显盼鲁欣概佛诛惮瘪瘦墓验寇
译林牛津8 A Unit 2 School life
教材全解及单元测试卷

1. Comic strip
(1) They have to work harder. (P. 18)
① have to表示“必须、不得不”，强调客观上的必须，must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须。
例如：
We have to walk home because the car has broken down.
We must study hard.
② hard作副词表示“努力地、猛烈地”，作形容词，表示“困难的”。
例如：
We should study hard.
It is raining hard.
It is hard to answer the question.
(2) It’s like watching TV, but there are fewer advertisements. (P. 18)
① like此处用作介词，表示“像……”，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。
例如：
What’s your house like?
It’s like listening to music.
② few意为“很少”，表示否定意义，修饰可数名词复数，a few表示“一些”，表示肯定意义，修饰可数名词复数。
例如：
Few people understand this difference.
I have a few friends in America.
2. Welcome to the unit
(1) vacation (P. 19)
vacation表示“假期”多用于美式英语中，而英式英语中用holiday。be on vacation“在度假”，go on vacation“去度假”，take a vacation“度假”，the winter/summer vacation “寒/暑假”。
例如：
Mr Wang was on vacation last month.
They are going to England to spend their summer holidays.
(2) I’d like to buy some biscuits. (P. 19)
would like意为“想要”，常用的结构有：would like sth.“想要某物”；would like to do sth. “想要做某事”。
例如：
I would like some apples.
He would like to eat some bananas.
【拓展】
1. “Would you like sth.?”句型的肯定回答用“Yes, please.”，否定回答用“No, thanks.”。
2. “Would you like to do sth.?”句型的肯定回答用“Yes, I’d like/love to.”，否定回答用“I’d like/love to, but...”。
(3) Shall we go together? (P. 19)
“Shall we...?”意为“我们……好吗？”用于征求他人意见、向他人提出建议或者请求他人的许可，肯定回答用“Good idea./That’s a good idea./Of course, I’d like to.”，否定回答为“I’m sorry, but I...”。
例如：
---Shall we go to the museum?
---That’s a good idea.
(4) I’d like to, but the school football team will practise this Saturday. (P. 19)
practise用作及物动词，意为“练习、操练”后接动名词作宾语。
My younger brother practises playing the piano every day.
3. Reading
(1) It is a mixed school. (P. 20)
mixed这里作为形容词，意为“男女混合的”。
例如：
All the schools here are mixed ones.
I had mixed feelings about meeting him again.
【拓展】mix作动词，表示“混合、混在一起”，mix up意为“混合在一起”。
Let’s mix the flour with water.
He mixed up all the ingredients.
(2) Among all my subjects, I like French best. (P. 20)
like...best意为“最喜欢……”，可与含有favorite的句子互换。
I like summer best.
=Summer is my favorite season.
(3) Learning foreign languages is fun. (P. 20)
动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
Seeing is believing.
(4) During the week, we can borrow more books from the school library. (P. 20)
borrow作及物动词，表示“借进来”，常用的结构为“borrow sth. from sb.”“从某人拿借某物”，lend表示“借出去”，用于“lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.”结构中。
例如：
He borrowed 1,000 dollars from his friend.
I lent my bike to him yesterday.
=I lent him my bike yesterday.
(5) We can also bring in books and magazines from home. (P. 20)
bring in表示“带来”。
Liu Nan brought in some beautiful flowers from home yesterday.
【拓展】bring相关短语
bring along 把……一起带来
bring...out 出版、使呈现
bring up 抚养长大
bring...to life 使……苏醒
(6) Near the end of the week, we discuss the books with our classmates in class. (P. 20)
① end作名词，表示“末端、尽头”，at the end of “在……尽头”，in the end“最后、终于”。
例如：
We’ll have a test at the end of this month.
He worked out the problem in the end.
② discuss作及物动词，表示“讨论”，discuss sth. with sb. “和某人讨论某事”，名词为discussion。
例如：
Why didn’t you discuss it with your teacher?
He joined us in the discussion yesterday.
(7) Times seems to go faster when we are reading interesting books. (P. 20)
seem意为“仿佛、似乎”，常用于以下结构中
① seem+形容词（seem to be+形容词）意为“好像、似乎”。
That seems very easy.
The book seems (to be) quiet interesting.
② seem to do sth.意为“好像做某事、似乎做某事”。
The baby seems to be asleep.
It seems to rain.
③ It seems that...“好像……、似乎……”。
It seems that no one knows what happened.
It seems that you are right.
(8) He often listens carefully to my problems and offers me help. (P. 20)
offer/用作及物动词，意为“主动提出、自愿给予”，主要用法如下：
① offer sth. 意为“提供某物、提供某事”。
He offered a good plan for our holiday
② offer to do sth. 意为“（主动）提出做某事”。
Tom offered to drive us to the bus station.
③ offer sb. sth./offer sth. to sb. 意为“（主动）给某人提供某物”。
We should offer others our help.
(9) On Friday afternoon, our school ends earlier than usual. (P. 20)
① 介词on用来表示具体某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上。
on Monday evening
on the afternoon of May 1st
on a cold morning
② end用作动词，表示“结束”，相当于be over。
What time does your school end?
③ usual意为“平常的、通常的”，as usual表示“像往常一样”。
It’s usual for him to go to school on foot.
As usual, he got to school at 7 o’clock.
(10) Our team won two games last month. (P. 20)
win此处用作及物动词，意为“赢得”，也可以作不及物动词，表示“获胜，赢”。
例如：
Who won the men’s 400-metre race?
We must win today.
【拓展】辨析win和beat/defeat
win所接的宾语一般表示比赛、战斗、辩论、奖金等名词；beat/defeat所接的宾语是参加比赛的人或者团队，意为“战胜、打败（某人）”。
Li Lei beat Tom and won the first prize.
(11) Both Nancy and John are Grade 8 students. (P. 22)
both...and...表示“……和……都、既……又……”，在句中连接两个并列关系的词。
例如：
Tom can both sing and dance.
Both Jim and his elder sister are good at English.
(12) I read an article by a boy from the USA. (P. 22)
by此处作介词，表示“由……、被……”。
例如：
This is a book by Yang Hongying.
---Who was the music by?
---It was by Mozart.
4. Grammar
(1) further (P. 24)
further是far的比较级，far的比较级有两种形式，即farther和further，farther表示具体的距离上“更远、较远”；further除了表示距离上“更远”以外，还可以表示抽象意义上“更进一步”。
例如：
He walks a little further.
Jim can jump farther than his brother.
Many students send their children to foreign countries for further study.
(2) She draws better than any other student in my class. (P. 24)
“比较级+than any other+单数名词”意为“比其它任何一个都……”，该结构形式上是比较级，实际表达最高级含义，该结构中的名词必须用单数形式。
Tom swims faster than any other boy of the three.
=Tom swims fastest of the three boys.
5. Integrated skills
(1) How much time do students spend on homework every day? (P. 25)
spend表示“花费”，常用的结构有：spend+时间/金钱+on sth.或者spend+时间/金钱+(in) doing sth.。
例如：
Lily spent twenty dollars on the new dress.
Lily spends two hours finishing her homework.
【拓展】辨析spend, pay, take和cost
spend
主语是人
spend...on sth./spend...(in) doing sth.
pay
主语是人
pay for sth./pay sb. for sth.
take
主语是it
It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.
cost
主语是物
sth. costs sb.+金钱

(2) Do students wear uniforms? (P. 25)
wear作及物动词，表示“穿着、戴着”。
He always wears a white shirt.
【拓展】辨析wear, put on和dress
wear
穿着
侧重于穿戴的状态
The girl wears a red coat today.
put on
穿上
侧重于穿戴的动作
Put on your coat. It is cold outside.
dress
给……穿衣服
指给自己或者他人穿衣服
The boy is too young to dress himself.
(3) Chinese students have more weeks off for the summer holiday than British students. (P. 25)
“have+一段时间+off”意为“休息多长时间、放假多长时间”。
They will have three weeks off for the winter holiday.
6. Study skills
(1) daily (P. 27)
daily作形容词，表示“每日的、日常的”，相当于everyday。
There was little change in their daily life.
(2) I looked through the question quickly. (P. 27)
look through意为“浏览、快速查看、透过……看”。
例如：
Before you answer these questions, you’d better look through them first.
Look through the window, and you can see the beautiful view.
(3) I read very slowly at first, but I am doing better now. (P. 27)
at first意为“首先、起初”，相当于first of all，反义词为at last或者in the end。
At first we used hand tools. Later we had machines.
(4) I also keep writing in English about my daily life. (P. 27)
keep (on) doing sth.意为“继续做某事、重复做某事”。
They kept talking about it.
7. Task
(1) How long is lunchtime at your school? (P. 28)
how long此处表示“多长时间”，对时间段进行提问，另外，还可以表示“物体的长度”，对长度进行提问。
例如：
---How long were you away from school last year?
---About three years.
---How long is the river?
---About 15 kilometers.
【拓展】辨析how long, how soon和how often
how long
“多长时间”，提问for和since引出的时间状语
---How long did you stay there?
---For about two weeks.
how soon
“多久”提问“in+一段时间”
---How soon will they come back?
---In two weeks.
how often
“多久一次”，提问动作发生的频率
---How often do you go home?
---Once a week.
(2) Do you think your school is a good one? (P. 28)
one用作不定代词，指代前面提到过的那类事物中的一个，复数为ones。one指同一类事物，it指同一个事物。
例如：
I have a new hat and several old ones.
The coat is hers. It’s very beautiful.
(3) I love computers, so I have computer lessons every day. (P. 29)
so作连词，意为“因此、所以”，表示结果，不可以和because同时连用。
Lily is very kind, so every likes her.
(4) We always have fun. (P. 29)
have fun意为“玩得开心”，相当于have a good time，后接名词时加上介词with，即have fun with sth.；接动词时，用动词的ing形式，即have fun doing sth.。
例如：
Did you have fun last weekend?
The children have a lot of fun with the building blocks.
We had fun playing in the park.
【重点短语和句型归纳】
一、 重点短语
1. have to 必须，不得不
2. learn about 了解
3. buy sth. for sb.为某人买某物
4. during the week 在这周期间
5. borrow …from…从…借…
6. discuss …with…与…谈论…
7. in the club在俱乐部里
8. help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事
9. offer sb. sth.给予某人某物
10. twice a week一周两次
11. do morning exercises做早操
12. play cheese 下象棋
13. at most 至多，不超过
14. look through 浏览
15. at first 起初，至先
16. keep (on) doing sth.继续，重复做某事
17. go to school/see a film 去学校/看电影
18. watch TV看电视
19. can’t wait 迫不及待
20. a mixed school 一所混合学校
21. have lessons together 一起上课
22. bring in 带来
23. seem to do 似乎将要做某事
24. more…than…比…多…
25. in the race 在比赛中
26. do some reading做一些阅读
27. go on a school trip参加学校旅行
二、 重点句型
1. What+be+主语+like? ……怎么样？
2. Shall we do sth.? 我们做某事好吗？
3. seem to do sth. 仿佛/似乎做某事
4. 比较级+than+any other+单数名词 比其它任何一个都……
5. spend time on/doing sth.花费时间做某事
6. Why don’t you do sth.? 你为什么不做某事？
7. finish doing sth. 完成做某事
8. practise doing sth. 练习做某事
【语法讲解】
1. 如何比较数量的多少
①两者之间数量上的比较
（1）用”more…than…”结构表示“……比……多”，more后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。
（2）用“fewer/less…than…”结构表示“……比……少”，fewer后接可数名词复数，less后接不可数名词。
②三者或三者以上的数量上的比较
（1）用the most表示“最多”，most后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。
（2）用the fewest/least表示“最少”, fewest后接可数名词复数，least后接不可数名词。
I have the fewest books in our class. 在我们班里我有最少的书。
2. 副词的比较级和最高级
①副词比较级和最高级的构成
（1）规则变化：
单音节词副词，加-(e)r
a、副词和形容词同形，单音节，在词尾加-er，fast-faster, hard-harder, loud-louder
b、以字母e结尾的副词，加-r，late-later
c、以辅音字母+y结尾的副词，先变y为i，再加-er，early-earlier
部分双音节副词和多音节副词，前面加more，carefully-more carefully, politely-more politely
【注意】同理，最高级也一样，只是将-er换成-est，more换成most而已。
2）不规则变化：
well-better-best
badly-worse-worst
far-farther-farthest
②副词比较级的用法
A+…副词的比较级+than B.
当than前后使用的动词相同时，通常用do的某种形式代替后面的动词，该词可以省略。
③副词最高级常用句型结构
（1）“主语+实义动词+（the）+副词最高级+in/of短语”表示“……得最……的”
I jump (the) farthest in my class. 我是我们班跳得最远的。
（2）“特殊疑问句+实义动词+（the）+副词最高级+甲，乙，丙？”用于三者（以上）的比较。
Who runs (the) fastest, Tom, Mary or Kate? 谁跑的最快，汤姆、玛丽还是凯特？
【单元测试卷】
一、 短语翻译（每题1分，共10分）
1、必须，不得不 2、某人的理想学校
3、为某人买某物 4、从….借….
5、与…谈论 6、休息
7、至多，不超过 8、在我所有的课程中
9、似乎要做某事 10、结束的比平时早
二、 单项选择（每题1分，共15分）
( ) 1. In our school, ______students like English, but ______ of them can speak English smoothly.
A. a little; a few B. a few; few
C. a few; little D. a little; few
( ) 2.---Look！A man is standing on his two hands.
---Yes. It seems he ______ for long.
A. practiced B. has practiced
C. was practicing D. practices
( ) 3.The dictionary may ______ for three weeks.
A. keep B. be kept C. borrow D. be borrowed
( ) 4.The boats take different routes, but they all ______ in the same place.
A. give up B. clear up C. end up D. make up
( ) 5. Parents often ______ their children ______ some good advice.
A. offer; with B. offer; /
C. provide; with D. both B and C
( ) 6. ---Hi, David. ______ do you go to see your grandparents. --- About three times a month.
A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far
( ) 7.There will be ______ jobs for people because some robots will do the same jobs as people.
A. many B. more C. fewer D. fewest
( ) 8.Most students spend too much time ______ computer games.
A. playing B. play C. plays D. played
( ) 9.Do you have toys? I’d like to buy ______ for my cousin.
A. it B. one C. this D. that
( ) 10. Lin Fang comes home ______ than before this term. She doesn’t have so many classes in the afternoon.
A. early B. earlier C. late D. later
( ) 11.Tony is not as clever as Lucy, but he works ______ than her.
A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest
( ) 12. ---Would you like to come to my party this evening?
---______. But I have to study for my math test.
A. My pleasure B. I’d love to
C. That’s all right D. Don’t mention it
( ) 13. ---How’s Bob now? ---I hear the company ______ him a very good job, but he turned it down.
A. donated B. served C. offered D. introduced
( ) 14.We are so glad to see Meizhou is developing ______ these years than it did before.
A. more quickly B. the more quickly
C. most quickly D. the most quickly
( ) 15. ---Which season do you like ______, winter or summer?
--- Summer.
A. well B. better C. best D. the best
三、 完形填空（每题1分，共10分）
Few people like changing their habits, good or bad. Whether it is smoking, drinking or over-eating, they 1 “enjoying” them to the end.
On every packet of cigarettes(香烟), people are warned against the 2 of smoking: “Warning: Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health”. 3 , millions of them start smoking or go on smoking. Why?
Facts show that families and surroundings(环境) play a very important part in 4 smokers. All those smokers come from smoking families or have smoking 5 or relatives. Films and TV plays also play a part. People 6 their “heroes” on TV drinking alcohol(酒) or smoking cigarettes. “Heroes” seem to fear 7 , neither killing themselves nor killing others with alcohol and cigarettes. If they are not afraid of the harm of smoking and drinking, 8 should common people be afraid?
The simple warning on the cigarette packet does not influence smokers’ habits. Even 9 warnings, like showing pictures of smokers who have died of cancer, don’t seem to work.
Knowing and believing seem to be two