小学英语语法习题.doc

Lesson 1 日常用语
1.Hello/Hi 的用法
Hello 的意思为“您好” 一般可作为熟人亲朋好友之间的打招呼用语,语气比较随便
例如： Hello,Wu Yifan! Hello,Tom!
Hello 也可以用以引起某人注意常用在打电话时或者在路上碰见熟人时,相当于中文中的“喂”有时也可用Hi 来代替hello 但前者显得更随便。
2. Nice to meet you. 很高兴认识到你。表示两个人是第一次见面，以前不认识。Nice to see you. 很高兴认见到你。表示认识了之后，再次相见。
---Nice to meet you.
---Nice to meet you too.
3. Good morning/ afternoon/evening. 早上/下午/晚上好。
例如陈洁和艾米在早上遇见了会这样说
---Good morning, Chen Jie.
---Good morning, Amy.
4. How are you? Fine, thank you.
How are you? Very well,thanks.
你好吗？ 我很好，谢谢。 多用于熟人之间，亲戚朋友之间。
5. How do you do? 你好！ 表示初次见面的礼貌用语。

回答仍然是： How do you do? 你好！
6.Goodbye. 再见。 有时可以说：Bye. / See you.
分别的时候要有礼貌说：Goodbye。 他人仍以Goodbye.回答。
7. What's your name？ My name is ...或者直接回答 I am / I’m...
你的名字是什么? 我的名字是... /我是...
8. I'm Sorry。英语常用口语句子，表示歉意、难过、惋惜、不安、或遗憾、内疚等，多数时候译为“对不起”、“我很抱歉”或“请原谅”。其非正式说法为Sorry。
可以这样回答： It doesn't matter. 没关系。Never mind. 没关系。Not at all、That's all right、That's OK、It's nothing. 这几句都表示“没关系”，Forget it. 忘掉它。
— I'm sorry I'm late. 对不起,我迟到了。— It doesn't matter. 没关系。
—I'm sorry I can't help you. 对不起,我不能帮你了。— Never mind. 没关系。
9．Thank you ./ Thanks.表达了对他人的感谢。可以这样回答：
You are welcome. It’s my pleasure. Not at all。
10. Excuse me可以用于：当你打扰别人的时候，意思是：不好意思，打扰了。
还可以用在寻求别人帮助的时候，用在句子开头。
例如：Excuse me, what’s the time, please?
11. This is ...可以用语介绍某人。
例如：This is my friend Tom. 这是我的朋友Tom。 This is Mr Green.这是Green先生。
12. OK. /Great./All right. /That’s OK./Yes. 可以表示赞成，好的。
13.Sorry, I don’t know. 对不起，我不知道。 I don’t think so.我不这么认为。
14.Can I help you? 我可以帮你吗？你需要什么？ May I have……? 我需要…….
Lesson 2 你我他
人称代词和物主代词
1． 人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前，宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。如：I help him.
2．物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。
一、 请填写并熟记表格：
主格
我
你
他
她
它
我们
你们
他们
I

he

we
you

宾格
我
你
他
她
它
我们
你们
他们

you

her
it

them
形容词性物主代词

我的

你的

他的

她的

它的

我们的

你们的

他们的
my

his

its
our

their
名词性物主代词
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他们的

yours

hers

theirs
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4. _________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
5. _________ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _________? ( you )  
6. Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ? ( she ) 
 7. I can find my toy, but where’s _________? ( you ) 
 8. Show _________ your kite, OK? (they)  
9. I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it )  
10. Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they ) 
11. Shall _________ have a look at that classroom. That is classroom.(we)
12. _________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________ a nurse. ( she ) 13. That is not _________ camera. _________is at home. ( he )
14 Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _______parents. ( they )
15. Don’t touch _________. _________ is not a cat, _________ is a tiger! (it)
16. _________ sister is ill. Please go and get _________. ( she )
17. _________ don’t know her name. Would you please tell _______we)
18. So many dogs. Let’s count .(they) are lovely. (they)
19. I have a lovely brother. _________ is only 3. I like _________ very much. ( he ) 20. May I sit beside _________? ( you )
21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _________. ( it ）
22.The girl behind ______ is our friend. (she )

三、按要求写单词
1. 翻译
I they we yours them hers
2.写出宾格
he they we she it you
3.写出名词性物主代词
I you he she it we they
四．意思不变，换一种写法。
1. This is my book.
2. That’s our new classroom.
3. This is his pencil-box.
4.These are her crayons.
5. Those are their footballs.
6. This ruler is mine.
7. That chair is hers.
8.These robots are theirs.
9.Those apples are ours.
10. That toy bear is Amy’s.
11. These books are yours.
Lesson3 重要的单词1—be
Be动词：
1: am is are was were （ was是am is 的过去式，were 是are的过去式) 口诀：我用am，你用are, is 用在他她它，单数是is,复数全用are.
2: be的肯定句和否定句 直接用am is are是肯定句，在am is are后面加not是否定句。期中is not=isn’t are not=aren’t.
肯：I am a boy. 否： I am not a boy.
肯：He is in the living room. 否：He isn’t in the living room.
肯：My teacher is tall and strong.
否：His brother isn’t hard-working.
肯：We are hungry. 否：We aren't hungry。
3：一般疑问句 把am is are 提到句子最前面，其他照写，注意大小写和标点符号。
I am a Chinese.---- Am I a Chinese? 肯回 Yes, you are. 否回 No, you aren’t.
They are American.---Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
The cat is fat. ----Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
My friends are polite.—Are your friends polite? Yes, they are. No,they aren’t.

一、 用be 动词填空

1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not. I _____ a girl.
2. The girl______ Jack's sister. She _____ tall. Her eyes _____big.
3. The dog _______ tall and fat. Its tail _____ short. Its legs _____ strong.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. He _____ strict.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom? His books _____ in the classroom.
6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home. We _____ in the park.
7. How _______ your father? _____ he kind? No,he _____.
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. They _____ good friends.
9. Whose dress ______ this? ---_____it yours? --- Yes, it _____.
10. Who _____ I ？ You _____ Tom. You _____my friend.
11. That ______ my red skirt. This______ your blue dress.
12. ---Who ______ I? ----______ you Tom ? ---Yes, I ______.
13.The books ______ on the desk. The bag ______ under the chair.
14. Here ______ an apple for you.
15. Here ______ some peaches for you.
16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.
17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.
18. The two cups of milk _____ for me. The milk______ for you.
19. Some tea ______ in the glass. Some cakes ______ on the table.
20.Gao shan's shirt over there. He not helpful boy.
21. My sister's name ______Nancy.
22. This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil.
23. ______ David and Helen from England(英国）?
24. There ______ a girl in the classroom.
25. There ______ some apples on the tree.
26. _______ there any kites in the classroom?
27. _______ there any apple juice in the bottle?
28. There _______ some bread on the plate.
29. There a boy, two girls in the room.
30. There two girls ,a boy in the room.
31. Where your teacher?
32. Where your teachers?
33. There an apple,three oranges and five pears on the table.
34. There three oranges, an apple and five pears on the table.
二、修改句子
1. This ia an big elephant.
否定句
一般疑问句
肯定回答 否定回答
2. They are fresh vegetables.
否定句
一般疑问句
肯定回答 否定回答
3.These oranges are sweet.
否定句
一般疑问句
肯定回答 否定回答
4.I am a hardworking boy.
否定句
一般疑问句
肯定回答 否定回答
5. We are from China.
否定句
一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答
Lesson4 重要的单词2—have/has
一．Have(has)的基本用法总结
1. have作“有”讲，强调“所属关系”，含有“拥有”之意。其主语一般是人，有时也可以是物。
例：I have a new classmate. 我有一个新同学。
They have many new books. 他们有许多新书。
Wu Yifan has a little brother. 魏华有个小弟弟。
This table has four legs. 这张桌子有四条腿。
2. have可以作“买”讲。
I want to have a kilo of beef. 我想买一公斤牛肉。
May I have a new pen? 我可以买支新笔吗？
3. have作“用、使用”讲
Excuse me, may I have your bike, please? 打扰了，我可以用（借用）你的自行车吗？
4. have+表示动作的名词（这类名词常由同形的动词转化而来），意为“做（某事）”（=do sth. )。
have a drink (of…)　喝一点（……）
have a look(at…)　（朝……）看一眼
have a rest　休息一下
have a swim　游泳
这些短语常用于口语，这里的have可以用take替换。
5. have+表示一日三餐的名词，意为“用餐”。
have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭。
have dinner吃饭，吃晚饭。
6. have+表示食品、饮料等的名词，意为“吃；喝”（=eat, drink）。
have(some) bread　吃面包
have eggs(for breakfast)　（早餐）吃鸡蛋
have(a cup of )tea 喝（一杯）茶
这里的have也可以用take替换。
7 have+表示某种活动的名词，意为“进行；举行”。
have a class　（学生）上课
have a sports meeting　开运动会
have a party　举行聚会
8. have+表示疾病的名词，意为“患（病）”，有时也用have got。
have a bad cold　患重感冒
have (got) a cough　咳嗽
have(got) a headache　头痛
9. have+表示一段时间的名词，表示“经历；度过”。
have a good time 度过快乐的时光，玩得愉快
have a good summer holiday度过愉快的暑假。

二、 have/has的句型转换：
1. 否定句
主语+don't (doesn't)+have +…。
We don't have any water here. 我们这儿没有水。
This wall doesn't have a window in it. 这面墙上没有一个窗户。
2. 一般疑问句： Do (Does)+主语+have+…?
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+do (does).
否定回答：No, 主语+don't (doesn't). 例：
—Do you have a ruler? 你有尺子吗？
—Yes, I do . /No, I don't. 是的，我有。/不，我没有。
—Does Lucy have a twin sister? 露茜有个孪生姐姐吗？
—Yes, she does. /No, she doesn't. 是的，有。/不，没有。
注意：do，does是助动词，do用于第一、二人称单、复数和第三人称复数；does用于第三人称单数形式。回答一般疑问句时，主语用人称代词表示；否定回答中don't或doesn't 一般不分开写。
注意：have (has)表示“有”时，一般不用于进行时态。
另外，在现代英语中，当“有”讲时，have/has的一般疑问句可以把have/has直接提前，当have/has作助词时表示完成时态时也可以直接提前。例：
They have a book. Have they a book?
三、 “have”与“there be句型”的区别（详见there be句型）
1. have意为“有”，指所属关系；
2. there be表示“某地有某物”，意指“存在”。
There's a book on the desk. 桌子上有本书。
Xiao Wang has an English-Chinese dictionary. 小王有本英汉字典。

四、用have has 填空
1. I ____ (have) a cat. 16.We ____ (have) a dog.
2. He ____ (have) a dog. 17. Do you ____ (have) any birds?
3. She ____ (have) long hair. 18. Amy ____ (have) cats.
4.We ____ (have) a big house. 19. It ____ (have) a big nose.
5.They ____ (have) a happy family. 20. She ____ (have) some rice.
6.It ____ (have) a short tail. 21. Dogs ____ (have) good noses.
7.You ____ (have) a good teacher. 22. Tigers ____ (have) sharp teeth.
8.Elva ____ (have) two big eyes. 23. The desk ____ (have) four legs.
9.Tom ____ (have) a red pen. 24. John ____ (have) round face.
10.My mother ____ (have) a beautiful nose. 25. I ____ (have) an old bag.
11. Sarah ____ (have) some hot beef. 26. Does it ____ (have) a mouth?
12. You ____ (have) a new teacher. 27. Girls ____ (have) nice dresses.
13. My grandpa ____ (have) a cooking class. 28. He____ (have) new balls.
14. Our father ____ (have) some tea. 29. Teachers ____ (have) old pens.
15. My sister ____ (have) some old dresses. 30. Cats ____ (have) four legs.
五、选择题请将正确答案的序号填在（）。
( ) 1. I big eyes.
A．have B. has C. am
( )2.They got five trains.
A. have B.has C.am
( )3.She got a big bedroom.
A. have B.has C.is
( )4.My toy dog big ears.
A. are B.has C.is
( )5. We dinner at seven o’clock.
A. have B.has C.are
( )6 Tom and I got a football.
A. have B.has C.are
( )7.It got big leaves.
A. have B.has C.is
( )8.Can he lunch now?
A. have B.has C.is
（ ）9. I a boy. I a new bag.
A. am has B. am have C. is have
( ) 10. He a friend. He happy.
A. is have B. has are C. has is

六、把下列句子改成否定句，一般疑问句并肯定否定回答。
1. I have many friends.
否定句：
一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
2. He has two hamburgers.
否定句：
一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
3. We have P.E on the Fridays.
否定句：
一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
4. Her father has two brothers.
否定句：
一般疑问句：
肯定回答： 否定回答：
5. Amy has some beef.
否定句：
一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答：
Lesson 5 名词
名词的概念：
1.名词是指：表示 的词语。
2.名词的分类：按照是否可数，可以分为：
（1） 可数名词：能以数目来计算的名词 例：apple book...
单数形式 与 复数形式
（2）不可数名词：不能数目计算的名词 :例: beef rice water...
习题：把下列名词分类： rice fish hamburger sandwich egg desk computer water elephant pear kite tree meat ice cream cheese boat teacher hat bread juice coffee tea
可数名词：
不可数名词：
二、可数名词的复数形式   
1、规则复数 
① 大部分可数名词，直接在单词末尾+s; 
book—books apple—apples tiger—tigers Sunday--Sundays
② 以-s,-x,-z,-sh,-ch结尾的可数名词，在单词末尾+es; 
bus—buses fox—foxes brush—brushes peach---peaches
③ 以辅音字母+y结尾的可数名词，变y为i,再+es;  
baby—babies body—bodies fly—flies cherry—cherries
④ 以f,fe 结尾的 变f为v,再加es
wolf—wolves scarf—scarves knife—knives
⑤ 如果单词以”o"结尾：
（1）有生命的，加es，如：
potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes (这 三个词的记忆口诀---”英雄“爱吃”土豆“和”西红柿“) 
（2）无生命的，加s，如：photo-photos(照片),radio-radios(收音机)
 2、不规则复数 
man —men     woman -- women  policeman—policemen postman—postmen
foot—feet tooth—teeth goose—geese fish—fish sheep—sheep people—people mouse—mice child—children
3. 不可数名词，则没有复数形式，或者就用它本身
tea ， bread beef soup milk water juice pork rice……
4. 其他词语的复数
I —we you—you he/she/it—they this—these that--those
三、写出下列单词复数形式 
photo  dress      man       boy   monkey fish tiger  bird orange peach watch fox dress bus wife nose face foot mouse ship plane dog
cat horse house window class butterfly baby
family woman firman tooth child toy boy girl brother photo tomato thief scarf ruler bag
policewoman sheep hero box wolf people pencil
tea milk rice milk water grass pork chicken
I he it she this that
四、名词单数
（1）名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，不可数名词没有单复数，一律看作单数。
（2）可数名词的单数前什么时候用a，什么时候用an？
答：以元音音标（或音素）开头的用a