副词与形容词的用法.docx

副词和形容词
一、 形容词的用法
1. 形容词修饰名词，并且放在名词的前面，这时形容词在句子中作定语
例如: a beautiful lady、a tall man、a big house
A beautiful lady is standing in front of a tall man.
2. 形容词放在be动词的后面，这时形容词在句子中作表语/主语补足语。
例如：The lady is tall. (tall在句子中作表语，说明lady是怎么样的)
The beautiful lady is tall. (beautiful在句子中作定语，tall作表语)
The beautiful lady is tall and slim.
3. 形容词放在连系动词(become成为、seem看起来、taste尝起来、look看起来、smell闻起来、feel摸起来/感觉、turn变成，等等)后面，在句子中作表语/主语补足语。
例如：The leaf (叶子) turned yellow.树叶变黄了。
She looks beautiful./ He looks handsome. 她看起来漂亮。/他看来帅气。
The food taste good. 这些食物好吃。
The sweater feels soft. (柔软的；舒服的)
He becomes careful. (小心的) 他变得小心了。
The flower smells very good. 花闻起来很香。
Everything seems good. 一切看起来都好。
二、 副词的用法
1. 副词修饰动词，并且通常放在实义动词后面，这是副词在句子中作方式状语。
例如：The man runs fast. (fast修饰runs这个动作)
She jumps high. (high修饰jump这个动作)
He finished his homework quickly. (quickly修饰finished这个动作)
2. 副词修饰形容词，并且通常放在形容词的前面
例如：He becomes very handsome.
She looks very beautiful.
The lady is very tall and slim.
在“副词+形容词”这样的结构中，中心词是形容词，副词只是为了说明程度大小
即：very handsome的中心词是handsome
3. 副词前面也可以加副词，例如上面的句子都可以改写成：
The man runs very fast.
She jumps very high.
He finished his homework very quickly.
very本身是副词，意思是“非常，很”，所以后面也可以跟副词或者形容词。
三、 填形容词还是副词？
动词后面一般都跟副词，但不是所有动词后面都跟副词，实义动词后面跟副词，连系动词后面跟形容词。
例如：She sings beautifully. (sing是实义动词，beautiful用来说明唱得如何)
Tom draws well.(draw是实义动词，well用来说明画得如何)
My teacher is young and tall.(is是系动词，后面跟形容词)
She looks sad. (look是连系动词，后面跟形容词)
**还有一些不是连系动词的词，例如make和get，要根据句子的意思判断填形容词还是副词。
区分：He is making a kite carefully.(carefully用来修饰make这个动词)
He made the teacher angry.(angry是指the teacher，而不是修饰make这个动词)
The student got quiet when the teacher came in.(quiet是指the student，而不是修饰got这个动词)
I get up early.(early修饰动词get up)
She leaves the room quickly.(quickly修饰leave这个动词)
Please leave the door open.(open是指the door，而不是修饰leave这个动词)
于是有词组：make sb+adj. leave sb+adj. get+adj
因此，填形容词还是副词，首先要弄清楚句子的意思，判断所修饰的成分是名词/代词还是动词，修饰前者的用形容词，修饰后者的用副词。
四、 形容词和副词分别长什么样子？
1. 形容词的词尾通常有ing/ful/ed/y
interesting、tiring、boring、exciting、surprising、amazing（与物有关）
interested、tired、bored、excited、surprised、amazed（与人有关）
careful、hopeful、wonderful、helpful、colorful、meaningful、beautiful
rainy、windy、cloudy、dry、messy、easy、funny、busy、angry
区分：The children were excited when they heard the exciting news.
The man was tired(劳累的) after doing so many tiring(累人的) jobs.
**但是在interesting与interested中，形容人或物的都用interesting，而interested常以词组be interested in的形式出现，表示“对…感兴趣”。
The story is interesting./The teacher is interesting.
I am interested in reading.
2. 副词的词尾通常是ly，但亦有一些不以ly结尾的副词。
badly、surprisingly、carefully、hopefully、quickly、greatly、possibly（通常是由形容词加ly变来）
hard（努力地）、well（好）、high（高）、fast（快地）、pretty(十分，非常)、very much/a lot（非常）a little(一点)
3. 有些词既是形容词也是副词
hard adj.硬的 adv.努力地 early adj.早的 adv.早地
high adj.&adv. 高
well adj.健康地 adv.好 I doesn’t feel well.我觉得不舒服。Well done.做得好
late adj.迟的 adv.迟 be late for (school) (上学)迟到
五、 形容词变副词的规律
规则变化
范围
变化规则
例词
大部分形容词
加ly
careless----carelessly、quiet----quietly
different----differently
以le结尾的形容词
去e加ly
possible----possibly、terrible----terribly
comfortable----comfortably、gentle----gently
simple----simply、true----truly
以y结尾的形容词
变y为ily
easy----easily、angry----angrily
noisy----noisily、happy----happily
heavy----heavily、healthy----healthily
不规则变化
本身既是形容词也是副词，无需改变
fast----fast、early----early、high----high
hard----hard、late----late、far----far
wide----wide、alone----alone
形容词和副词为完全不同的单词
good----well
虽然以ly结尾，但却是形容词，不能直接用来修饰动词
friendly、lively、lovely、lonely、likely
有些形容词本身即为副词，同时也有加ly的副词形式。但加不加ly意思不一样，使用时需注意
wide(形容词，宽阔的，睁大的)----wide(副词，睁大地)/widely(副词，广泛地),
late(形容词，晚的)-----late(副词，晚地)，lately（最近）
high(形容词，高的)----high(副词，高地)/highly(副词，高度地)
特别容易犯错的副词
形容词
副词
备注
hard
hard
hard副词容易写成hardly, hardly意思为“几乎不”，与hard无任何关系
friendly
无
不能用friendly直接修饰动词，只能改成in a friendly way“用一种友好的方式”。如：
He smiled at me in a friendly way.
excited
excitedly
容易拼错
healthy
healthily
容易拼错
polite
politely
不用去掉字母e。类似的词还有：widely, nicely, closely,
1. Look at the children on the playground. They are flying kites ________(happy).
3. Why do you think you did so ___________(bad)in your test?
5. We can __________(easy) forgive a child who is afraid of the dark, but we can’t forgive an adult who is afraid of the light.
6.  Congratulations! You’ve answered all the questions _________(correct).
7.   The computer is ______(wide)used in our daily life. We can do many things with it.
8.   I changed into my sports shoes so that I could walk more ____________(comfortable).
9.     Mary passed her examination because she studied very ________(hard).
10.   “Why didn’t you tell me earlier?” The boss shouted _______(hungry).
12.  It’s ___(true) possible that robot teachers will be popular in schools some day.
13.  How _________(comfortable) the giant pandas are living in Taiwan!
14.  Miss Xu smiled and said to me ________(soft), “Never mind, my boy!”
15.  Last night it rained __________(heavy) in the southern part of the city.
17.  Simon hates to be like others, he often tires to do everything ______(different).
19.  The children clapped their hands _________(excited) as soon as the astronauts appeared
on the stage.
20. Tom had an accident yesterday. His teacher sent him to the hospital ____(quick).
21. We should speak to the old man _________(polite)
23.  I’m _______(true) sorry I can’t go with you. I have a lot to do this afternoon.
25.  His father was looking _________ (angry) at him because he had made a serious mistake.
26.  Mike walked _______(quiet) into the room not to wake up his grandpa.
27.  How _______(quick) Betty answered the teacher’s question!
28. The firemen have saved the boy from the fire ____________(successful).
29. She is an __________ teacher because she often tells ___________ stories every day. (interest)
30. The children were ___________ about the _____________ news. (excite)
31. The woman looks ___________. (beauty)
32. The teacher got ____________ (anger) because the boy didn’t finish his homework in time.
33. The boy told his father ________________ (excite), “I got a full mark in the exam!”
34. It is ___________ for the boy to finish such a task.(difficulty)
35. The mother is __________ about her son’s safety.(worry)