高级综合商务英语Unit-Eecutive-Caliber-PPT.ppt

高级综合商务英语Unit Eecutive Caliber2 Lead-in Discussion1.What kind of leaders do you want to have in your future career?Read the next several slides for some clues.3Lead-in Discussion 4Lead-in Discussion5Lead-in Discussion6Lead-in Discussion7Lead-in Discussion8大家学习辛苦了，还是要坚持继续保持安静继续保持安静9Lead-in Discussion10Lead-in Discussion11Lead-in Discussion12 2.The following figures are CEOs or ex-CEOs in different corporations;can you tell their stories?What qualities contributed to their success?Lead-in Discussion13Text AText AA Memo to CEOsA Memo to CEOs14Structural Analysis15Part I Questions about Part IQ1.Whats the main idea of Part I(Para.1-4)?Selfishness contributed to the crisis of business as well as that of capitalism.16Q2.The authors mention“a crisis”at the beginning of the text.What accounts for the occurrence of the crisis?All of us who believe in business are all captives of five half-truths that shape the way we think about business and the way we do business.As a result,we may destroy the very thing we cherish.Part I Questions about Part I17Q3.What does“the very thing we cherish”refer to?“The very thing we cherish”refers to our deeply rooted core values.Part I Questions about Part I18 Q4.Whats the definition of“half-truth”?Half-truth is a statement,especially one intended to deceive,that omits some of the facts necessary for a full description or account.Part I Questions about Part I19 Scandal and recession have cast a pall on the way CEOs go about leading their companies.Three distinguished professors send this memo Five Half-truths of Business as a wake-up call.(Line 1,Introduction)Scandal and economic decline have produced negative influences on the way how CEOs lead their companies.Three celebrated professors send this memo about five half-truths of business to give warnings and suggestions to CEOs.Part I Sentence Interpretation recession(Introduction)n.an extended decline in general business activity synonyms:depression,decline example:In spite of the recession,private car sales are 5 per cent up.Part I Words and Expressionscatastrophe(para.2)n.a great,often sudden calamitysynonyms:calamity,disasterexample:For each man who loses his job unemployment is a personal catastrophe.Part I Words and Expressionsdistress(para.3)n.anxiety or mental sufferingsynonyms:agony,anguishexample:He was in an extreme state of distress due to the termination of his employment.Part I Words and ExpressionsCEOA chief executive officer(CEO)is the highest-ranking corporate officer(executive)or administrator in charge of total management of an organization.An individual appointed as a CEO of a corporation typically reports to the board of directors.The CEO presides over the executive committee.Part I NotesQ1.Whats the main idea of Part II(Para.5-Para.33)?Five half-truths shape the way we think about business and the way we do business.Part II Questions about Part II25Q2.Please illustrate the structure of the second part which can be further divided into five sections.Part II Questions about Part II26Q3.Whats the main idea of Section I(Para.5-Para.9)?The first half-truth is that were only in it for ourselves.Part II Questions about Part II27Q4.The authors mentioned“financiers who walk away from unethical deals(Para.7)”;take international construction as an illustration,can you give any examples of unethical deals?Bid shopping,procurement of substandard/defective materials,bribery,and employment of illegal workers are the most prevalent ethics issues in international construction.Part II Questions about Part II28 Business simply wont work if each of us is only in it for ourselves.While we need to have individual initiative,we survive in a context of social engagement.(Line 4,Para.9)If we only pursue personal interests,business just wont work.Although individual ambition is necessary,social interaction is something that we cannot live without.Part II Sentence Interpretation29maximize(para.5)v.to increase or make as great as possibleantonym:minimizeexample:Setting off twin bombs is a classic guerrilla tactic which seeks to maximize casualties.Part II Words and Expressionsintegrity(para.6)n.steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical codesynonyms:honesty,sincerityexample:The action is a sign of how personal integrity is now seen as crucial as the financial sector seeks to restore its reputation.Part II Words and ExpressionsPart II Questions about Part IIQ5:Whats the main idea of Section II(Para.10-Para.16)?The second half-truth is that corporations exist to maximize shareholder value.32Part II Questions about Part IIQ6:In Para.13,the authors mention“shareholder”,“stockholder”and“stakeholder”;whats the difference among them?A shareholder or stockholder is anyone who owns shares of a given corporation or mutual fund.Stockholders can be individuals or institutions,with the only requirement being ownership of at least one share.Collectively,the shareholders provide a significant portion of the capital of the organization.33Part II Questions about Part IIQ6:In Para.13,the authors mention“shareholder”,“stockholder”and“stakeholder”;whats the difference among them?Anyone who is affected by the operations of the organization can be defined as a stakeholder.This includes both internal stakeholders,such as employees and managers,and external stakeholders,such as shareholders,suppliers,customers,providers,creditors,debtors,the government and surrounding communities.All shareholders are stakeholders,but not all stakeholders are shareholders.34Part II Questions about Part IIQ7:Can you find several examples of“stakeholder”in Para.12?Other constituencies(customers,employees,communities,suppliers,and society at large).35Part II Questions about Part IIQ8:What changes did the principles of the Business Roundtable undergo from 1981 to 1997?In 1981,the Business Roundtable asserted that the shareholder must receive a good return but the legitimate concerns of other stakeholders also must have the appropriate attention.However,in 1997,the Business Roundtable announced that the CEOs only real responsibility is to serve the interests of the shareholders.36 Whats remarkable about the current worship at the altar of shareholder value is that its a reversal of our prior beliefs and behaviors.(Line 1,Para.11)Its a striking departure from our past ideas and behaviors to focus on shareholder value excessively,which is something worthy of notice.Part II Sentence Interpretation37 Maximizing shareholder value at the expense of all of the other stakeholders is bad for business and bad for capitalism.It drives a wedge between those who create the economic value the employees and those who harvest its benefits.(Line 4,Para.16)It is detrimental to business as well as capitalism to sacrifice the interests of stakeholders yet to get maximum value for shareholders.It brings about friction between the employees,the economic value creator and those who reap where they have not sown.Part II Sentence Interpretation38 reprimand(Para.10)v.to tell someone officially and in a serious way that something they have done is very wrong synonyms:reprove,admonish example:U.S.lawmakers reprimanded Japanese supplier Takata Corp for limited air bag recalls.Part II Words and Expressions39 predecessor(Para.12)n.one who precedes another in time,especially in holding an office or a position synonym:forerunner example:Guantanamo was opened by Obamas predecessor,George W.Bush,after the Sept.11,2001,attacks on the United States,to house militant suspects rounded up overseas.Part II Words and Expressions40 misconstrue(Para.13)v.to misunderstand something that someone has said or done synonyms:misinterpret,misunderstand example:Those eager to find evidence against Obamacare were quick to round out the numbers,misconstrue the facts and jump to the wrong conclusions.Part II Words and Expressions41 criterion(Para.13)n.a standard,rule,or test on which a judgment or decision can be based synonym:standard example:It is probably clear to the lawmakers that none of the funds that currently operate satisfy this criterion.Part II Words and Expressions42 mirror(Para.15)v.to reflect in or as if in a mirror synonym:reflect example:Mexican growth is trending at over 3 percent,mirroring a pickup in the United States,where Mexico sends more than three quarters of its exports.Part II Words and Expressions43 pledge(Para.15)v.to offer or guarantee by a solemn binding promise synonyms:promise,swear example:Japans government will pledge to do its utmost to meet its target of halving the countrys primary balance deficit in the next fiscal year.Part II Words and Expressions44Business RoundtableBusiness Roundtable(BRT)is an association of chief executive officers of leading U.S.companies working to promote sound public policy and a thriving U.S.economy.Part II Notes45Q9:Whats the main idea of Section III(Para.17-Para.22)?The third half-truth is that companies need CEOs who are heroic leaders.Part II Questions about Part II46 As CEOs,your job is to set an example of energizing others,not to take dramatic actions that let you take the lions share of the spoils.(Line 8,Para.21)Your job of being CEOs is to motivate others rather than usurping the biggest portion of the trophies.Part II Sentence Interpretation47 Perhaps the real reason that we are so obsessed with leadership today is that we see so little of it from CEOs.(Line 7,Para.22)The fact that we can barely find much leadership from CEOs may answer the question why we long for it so strongly today.Part II Sentence Interpretation48 embodiment(Para.20)n.someone or something that represents or is very typical of an idea or quality synonym:representation example:Advanced weaponry is the embodiment of a modern army and a crucial support for national security and rejuvenation.Part II Words and Expressions49 validate(Para.20)v.to mark with an indication of official sanction synonym:ratify example:In order to validate the agreement,both parties sign it.Part II Words and Expressions50 corrosive(Para.21)a.gradually destructive;steadily harmful synonym:corrupt example:The president announced fresh plans to cleanse the system of corrosive corruption.Part II Words and Expressions51stock optionA right to buy or sell specific securities or commodities at a stated price within a specified time.Part II Notes52Louis GerstnerLouis Vincent Gerstner,Jr.(born March 1,1942 in Mineola,New York)was chairman of the board and chief executive officer of IBM from April 1993 until 2002 when he retired as CEO in March and chairman in December.He is largely credited with turning around IBMs fortunes.Part II Notes53Q10.Whats the main idea of Section IV(Para.23-Para.27)?The fourth half-truth is that companies need to be lean and mean.Part II Questions about Part II54Q11.What does“lean and mean”mean?Can you find any reference from Para.23 and Para.24?“Lean and mean”is an American idiom that means fit(lean)and efficient(mean).In this text,it means the“slash-and-burn tactics”of“firing large numbers of people”.Part II Questions about Part II55 alienate(Para.26)v.to cause to become unfriendly or hostile synonym:estrange example:Greek Prime Minister Samarass tactic of making a bet to save his government and career,while not alienating euro zone colleagues,reflects Greeces still precarious position within the currency bloc.Part II Words and Expressions56Q12.Whats the main idea of Section V(Para.28-Para.33)?The fifth half-truth is that a rising tide lifts all boats.Part II Questions about Part II57Q13.Both Para.1 and Para.33 starts with the same sentence“Business is at a crossroads”;what writing technique is in use here?The repetition of the same sentence at the beginning and the ending is to achieve coherence in writing.Part II Questions about Part II58 And wed all rather see the economy flowing rather than ebbing.(Line 1,Para.29)And we all prefer the prosperity of economy rather than its recession.Part II Sentence Interpretation59 rationalize(Para.28)v.to make rational synonym:justify example:The government raised retail prices for petrol and diesel by about 10 percent as part of a plan to rationalize energy subsidies.Part II Words and Expressions60 Text BText BThe CEOs Role in The CEOs Role in Business Model ReinventionBusiness Model Reinvention61Structural AnalysisThe structure of the text goes as follow:Part I(Para.1-12):Business model with the forces of preservation,destruction,and creation.Part II(Para.13-32):A specific case of business model transformation.62 Part I:For companies to endure,they must get the forces of preservation,destruction,and creation in the right balance,which can be shown in business model reinvention.Para.1-1263